Table Of ContentPediatric Surgical
Oncology
Pediatric
Surgical
Oncology
Edited by Sabine Sarnacki, MD PhD
Chief of Pediatric Surgery
Paul D. Losty, MD FRCSI FRCS(Ed) Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades
FRCS(Eng) FRCS(Paed) FEBPS University of Paris, France
Professor of Paediatric Surgery &
Honorary Consultant Paediatric Surgeon Jörg Fuchs, MD PhD
Institute of Life Course and Medical Professor of Pediatric Surgery
Sciences University of Tuebingen, Germany
University of Liverpool, UK
Tomoaki Taguchi, MD PhD
Michael La Quaglia, MD FACS FRCS(Ed) Professor of Pediatric Surgery
Hon FRCS(Eng) Hon Kyushu University
Professor of Surgery Fukuoka, Japan
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
New York, USA
BK-TandF-LOSTY_9780815348702-210307-FM.indd 3 30/12/21 4:45 PM
First edition published 2022
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ISBN: 978-0-8153-4870-2 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-0320-6717-9 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-351-16612-6 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9781351166126
Typeset in Sabon
by KnowledgeWorks Global Ltd.
Contents
Foreword vii CHAPTER 15: Mediastinum, Lung, and Chest Wall
Editors’ Preface viii Tumors ...........................................................................97
Contributor List ix Andrew J. Murphy, Lindsay Talbot, and
Andrew M. Davidoff
CHAPTER 1: Pediatric Cancer – An Overview ................1
Akira Nakagawara CHAPTER 16: Hodgkin Disease and Non-Hodgkin
Lymphoma(s) ................................................................113
CHAPTER 2: Epidemiology of Pediatric Cancer .............3 Peter Ehrlich
Charles Stiller
CHAPTER 17: Benign and Malignant Liver Tumors
in Children ....................................................................124
CHAPTER 3: Molecular Biology and Genetics
of Cancer ........................................................................10 Daniel C. Aronson and Rebecka L. Meyers
Tatsuro Tajiri and Mayumi Higashi
CHAPTER 18: Pediatric Gastrointestinal Tumors .........148
Jaime Shalkow, Ryo Tamura, Hany Gabra, and
CHAPTER 4: Principles of Chemotherapy ....................14
Paul D. Losty
Sunita Dhir and Deborah A. Tweddle
CHAPTER 19: Pancreatic Neoplasms ..........................157
CHAPTER 5: Principles of Radiotherapy ......................18
Pablo Laje and N. Scott Adzick
Sarah Kelly and Mark Gaze
CHAPTER 20: Renal Tumors .........................................165
CHAPTER 6: Immunological Aspects of Pediatric
Jörg Fuchs and Steven W. Warmann
Cancer and Immunotherapy .........................................23
Jeong A. Park and Nai-Kong V. Cheung
CHAPTER 21: Neuroblastoma and Adrenal
Neoplasms ...................................................................180
CHAPTER 7: Imaging Cancer .......................................29
Andrew M. Davidoff, Jed Nuchtern,
Srikishna Harave and Swathi Selvam
and Mike La Quaglia
CHAPTER 8: Tumor Biopsy – Practical
CHAPTER 22: Rhabdomyosarcoma .............................207
Considerations for the Surgeon ....................................41
Lilly Bayouth, Roshni Dasgupta, and
Hemanshoo Thakkar, Dhanya Mullassery,
David Rodeberg
and Paul D. Losty
CHAPTER 23: Non-Rhabmyosarcoma Soft Tissue
CHAPTER 9: Pathology for Surgeons ...........................47
Tumors .........................................................................216
Rajeev Shukla and Srinivas Annavarapu
Irene Isabel P. Lim, David Rodeberg, and
Roshni Dasgupta
CHAPTER 10: Vascular Access ......................................53
Elizabeth O’Connor and Hany Gabra CHAPTER 24: Tumors of the Ovary ..............................225
Carmen Capito, Louise Galmiche-Roland, Brice
CHAPTER 11: Nutritional Support of the Pediatric Fresneau, Daniel Orbach, and Sabine Sarnacki
Cancer Patient ..............................................................61
Vicky Wong, Edwin Chan, and Kelvin Liu CHAPTER 25: Testicular Tumors ..................................240
Yoshiaki Kinoshita and Tomoaki Taguchi
CHAPTER 12: Tumor Board and the Surgeon ................73
Sarah Braungart and Paul D. Losty CHAPTER 26: Teratomas and Other Germ Cell
Neoplasms ..................................................................243
CHAPTER 13: Principles of Cancer Surgery/ Katherine Burnand, Dhanya Mullassery,
Operations for Cancer ..................................................79 and Paul D. Losty
Hind Zaidan and Martin Corbally
CHAPTER 27: Melanoma and Skin Cancer(s) ..............256
CHAPTER 14: Tumors of the Head and Neck ................91 Andrea Hayes Jordan, Gideon Sandler, and
Naonori Kawakubo and Tomoaki Taguchi Jennifer H. Aldrink
v
vI Contents
CHAPTER 28: Central Nervous System Tumors ..........272 CHAPTER 37: Palliative Care and Pain
Conor Gillespie and Benedetta Pettorini Management ...............................................................401
Alessandro Inserra and Alessandro Crocoli
CHAPTER 29: Bone Tumors .........................................313
Lor Randall and John Groundland CHAPTER 38: Palliative Care: Surgical
Considerations ............................................................405
CHAPTER 30: Rare Tumors ..........................................329 Alessandro Inserra and Alessandro Crocoli
Hany Gabra, Ryo Tamura, and Jaime Shalkow
CHAPTER 39: Future Therapies and Challenges in
CHAPTER 31: Minimally Invasive Surgery ....................347 Pediatric Oncology .....................................................409
Jörg Fuchs and Steve W. Warmann Tatsuo Kuroda
CHAPTER 32: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery ......353 CHAPTER 40: Evidence-Based Pediatric Surgical
Sami Ramadan and Adel Fattah Oncology ......................................................................414
Ampaipan Boonthai and Paul D. Losty
CHAPTER 33: Fertility Considerations and the
Pediatric Cancer Patient .............................................361 CHAPTER 41: Pediatric Endocrine Tumors ..................419
Carmen Capito, Camelia Labiad, Sylvie Helfre, Carmen Capito, Pablo Lopez, Michel Polak,
Stephanie Bolle, Michaël Grynberg, and Laurence Brugières, Louise Galmiche-Roland, and
Sabine Sarnacki Sabine Sarnacki
CHAPTER 34: Pediatric Surgical Oncology in CHAPTER 42: Robotic Pediatric Surgical Oncology ....433
Developing Countries..................................................367 Thomas Blanc and Sabine Sarnacki
Jaime Shalkow and Simone Abib
CHAPTER 43: Navigational Techniques in Pediatric
CHAPTER 35: Surgical Management of Pediatric Surgical Oncology.......................................................439
Oncological Emergencies ...........................................382 Ryota Souzaki and Tomoaki Taguchi
Simone Abib and Jaime Shalkow
Index 446
CHAPTER 36: Late Effects ............................................392
Antti I. Koivusalo and Kirsi Jahnukainen
Foreword
Pediatric surgical oncology is a fascinating super- how to best avoid complications, making the textbook
specialty, and this new textbook provides the health very precious.
care professional with a wealth of excellent informa- A new textbook like this one was definitely much
tion to deliver the best surgical care for children with needed for its intended global readership because it
cancer. Pediatric oncology surgeons are key members gathers many important key updates in pediatric surgi-
of a multidisciplinary team that input care for vulner- cal oncology along with other equally essential funda-
able sick children. Surgical oncologists perform com- mental principles from other health care professionals
plex procedures and are skilled to make very difficult working in the multidisciplinary team, notably medical
decisions. Surgeons must have a strong knowledge pediatric oncology, radiation oncology, pathology, nutri-
base about pediatric cancer. The Editors of Pediatric tion, palliative care, and genetics. There is also a “look
Surgical Oncology are world-renowned experts and to the future” with innovations in surgery and almost
considered amongst the very best skilled surgeons in every other aspect of childhood cancer treatment.
their field. Their wisdom and experience gathered over I am sure you the reader seeking greater knowl-
many years working in the clinic and operating room edge in pediatric, surgical oncology, will be delighted
have had a great impact on education and surgical to explore the new textbook just as I was. In closing,
oncology training. I have also had the great privilege I would once again like to congratulate the editorial
of sharing friendship with these surgeons. The edi- board and the guest authors for the excellent work they
tors, Paul Losty (Liverpool, UK), Michael La Quaglia have delivered in the textbook. I also wish to thank
(New York, USA), Sabine Sarnacki (Paris, France), Jörg the Taylor & Francis Group for embracing such an
Fuchs (Tuebingen, Germany), and Tomoaki Taguchi important project. It will surely benefit many children
(Fukuoka, Japan), have carefully assembled interna- throughout the world.
tional authorities to share their vast experience in this
wonderful textbook. Along with teaching the theoreti-
cal basics of each type of pediatric tumor encountered Professor Dr. Simone de Campos Vieira Abib, MD PhD
in clinical practice with accompanying details of surgi- Past President International Society of Pediatric Surgical
cal technique(s), the guest authors bring together “tips” Oncology (IPSO)
in various ways and alerts for the oncology surgeon on São Paolo, Brazil
vii
Editors’ Preface
Pediatric Surgical Oncology is a new leading textbook
outlining the principles and practice of managing chil-
dren with cancer. The textbook is subdivided into early
section chapters covering pediatric cancer epidemiology,
chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, pathol-
ogy, radiology, and vascular access, which then covers
main theme areas featuring all of the major pediatric
solid tumors in a system-based chronology. A section
devoted to rare tumors provides useful and pragmatic
information for the oncology surgeon. Minimally inva- Jörg Fuchs
sive surgery with recent advances in this speciality field Tuebingen, Germany
is highlighted by world experts.
Nutritional considerations for the pediatric cancer
patient undergoing surgery are discussed. Management Paul D. Losty
of surgical complications, fertility considerations, and Liverpool, UK
long-term outcomes are invaluable practical resources
for the reader. Final sections of the textbook “look
to the future” and focus on innovation(s) here includ-
ing key chapters on navigational surgery and surgical
robotics.
A chapter devoted to evidence-based surgical oncol-
Tomoaki Taguchi
ogy seeks to provide the surgeon with the latest “hot”
Fukuoka, Japan
topics and debate(s) to guide future studies. We sincerely
hope Pediatric Surgical Oncology will be an authorita-
tive reference for surgical residents in training, surgeons
Michael La Quaglia
working in pediatric oncology, medical oncology col-
New York, USA
leagues, intensive care specialists, and nursing staff. The
Editorial Board is greatly indebted to the many guest
authors and leading world experts for their excellent
individual contribution works.
Special thanks must go to Samantha Cook of the
Taylor & Francis Group who worked tirelessly with the
Editor-In-Chief, Paul Losty. Enormous gratitude is ulti-
mately owed to Miranda Bromage at Taylor & Francis
for her tremendous unfailing support with the project at
Sabine Sarnacki
all times and the final production of the textbook.
Paris, France
viii
Contributor List
Simone Abib Ampaipan Boonthai
Head, Department of Pediatric Surgery Visiting International Clinical Fellow
Pediatric Oncology Institute – GRAACC Alder Hey Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Full Professor of Surgery University of Liverpool
Federal University Liverpool, UK
São Paulo, Brazil Consultant Pediatric & Transplant Surgeon
Ramathibodi Hospital
N. Scott Adzick Mahidol University
C. Everett Koop Professor of Pediatric Surgery Bangkok, Thailand
Surgeon-In-Chief
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Sarah Braungart
Perelman School of Medicine Specialty Registrar in Paediatric Surgery
University of Pennsylvania, USA Department of Paediatric Surgery
Alder Hey Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Jennifer H. Aldrink University of Liverpool
Associate Professor of Clinical Surgery and Pediatrics Liverpool, UK
The Ohio State University College of Medicine
Division of Pediatric Surgery Laurence Brugières
Director of Surgical Oncology Department of Oncology for Children and Adolescents
Columbus, Ohio Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus
Villejuif, France
Srinivas Annavarapu
Department of Paediatric Pathology Katherine Burnand
Great North Children’s Hospital Consultant Paediatric Surgeon
University of Newcastle, UK St George’s Hospital
London, UK
Daniel C. Aronson
Department of Paediatric Surgery Carmen Capito
University Children’s Hospital Zürich Department of Pediatric Surgery
Zurich, Switzerland Necker Enfants-Malades Hospital - Université Paris
Descartes
Lilly Bayouth Sorbonne Paris Cite
Department of Surgery Paris, France
Vidant Medical Center
East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine Edwin Chan
Greenville, North Carolina Consultant Paediatric Surgeon
Department of Surgery
Thomas Blanc Hong Kong Children’s Hospital
Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology Chinese University of Hong Kong
Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades Hong Kong
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris
Paris, France Nai-Kong V. Cheung
Department of Pediatrics
Stephanie Bolle Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Department of Radiotherapy New York City, New York
Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus
Villejuif, France
ix
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