Pediatric Orthopedics: A Handbook for Primary Care Physicians

589 Pages·2014·11.07 MB·English

by  Amr Abdelgawad

Amr Abdelgawad
Osama Naga Editors
Pediatric Orthopedics
A Handbook for Primary
Care Physicians
123
Pediatric Orthopedics
Pediatric Orthopedics
A Handbook for Primary Care
Physicians
Amr Abdelgawad
Paul L. Foster School of Medicine,
Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center
El Paso, TX, USA
Osama Naga
Children’s Pediatric Practice
El Paso, TX, USA
123
Editors
AmrAbdelgawad, MD Osama Naga,MD,FAAP
PaulL. FosterSchool of Children’s PediatricPractice
Medicine ElPaso, TX
Health SciencesCenter USA
Texas TechUniversity Health
SciencesCenter
ElPaso, TX
USA
ISBN 978-1-4614-7125-7 ISBN978-1-4614-7126-4 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-1-4614-7126-4
SpringerNewYorkHeidelbergDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013944520
(cid:2)SpringerScience+BusinessMediaNewYork2014
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Dedication
Tomyparentswhogavemeallthesupportinmylifeandneverasked
foranythinginreturnandtomywifewhomwithoutherhelpIcould
nothave writtenthisbook.
Amr Abdelgawad
Tomyparents,mywife,mydaughter,andmyfriendswhosupported
meto completethebook.
Osama Naga
Preface
‘‘Pediatric Orthopedics: A Handbook for Primary Care Physicians’’ is
designedtobeaquickandpracticalresourceforpediatricians,family
medicine physicians, residents, nurse practitioners, physician assis-
tants, and medical students caring for pediatric population with
musculoskeletaldisordersintheirbusydailypractice.Thisbookisa
concise, clinically oriented and readily available resource to study
common pediatric musculoskeletal diseases. Great emphasis was
given to the natural history of the diseases and indications for
referring the child to an orthopedic surgeon. The details of surgical
treatment and procedures were not included as this will not be of
majorbenefits toourreaders.
This book has a very interesting and easy to follow format. We
tried to stay away from long paragraphs and controversial state-
ments. The book is printed in ‘‘pocket’’ size and is easy to carry
around.Theinformationinthebookispresentedinasimple‘‘bullet’’
formatthatallowsthereadertounderstandthetopiceasilyandwith
minimal effort. More than 300 figures were included in this
handbook.
At the end of each chapter, we added ‘‘high yield facts’’ that sum-
marize the important topics. In addition, a table of common ortho-
pedicscenariosthatthehealthcareprovidersmayencounterintheir
daily work is included, to guide them through the next steps in
managing children withparticular orthopedic presentations.
vii
viii PREFACE
We are confident that this handbook will assist health care pro-
viders with a structured approach to the management of pediatric
musculoskeletal conditions, and that they will find it a valuable tool
intheir daily practice.
Amr Abdelgawad, MD
Osama Naga,MD
Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
1 Introduction to Orthopedic Nomenclature. . . . . 1
Amr Abdelgawad and Osama Naga
2 Growth and Development and Their Relation
to Musculoskeletal Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Ahmed M. Thabet
3 Metabolic Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Amr Abdelgawad and Osama Naga
4 General Conditions Affecting the Bones. . . . . . . 51
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5 Birth Injuries and Orthopedic Manifestations
in Newborns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
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6 The Hip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
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7 The Knee/Leg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
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ix
x CONTENTS
8 Foot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
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9 Hand and Upper Extremity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Miguel Pirela-Cruz
10 Sport Injury: Lower Extremity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Amr Abdelgawad and Courtney Holland
11 Sports Injuries: Upper Extremity . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Justin M. Wright and Angel Garcia
12 Management of Pediatric Orthopedic Patients
During the Postoperative Period. . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Indu Pathak and Michael Lee
13 Tumors and Tumor-Like Conditions. . . . . . . . . . 345
Ayman Bassiony
14 Spasticity and Gait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Mahmoud A. Mahran and Walid Abdel Ghany
15 Non Accidental Trauma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
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16 Orthopedic Trauma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Amr Abdelgawad and Enes Kanlic
17 Approach to a Limping Child . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
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18 Casts, Splints, and Braces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
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19 Pediatric Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
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CONTENTS xi
20 Neuromuscular Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
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21 Musculoskeletal Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
Amr Abdelgawad and Osama Naga
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585