pattern and predictive influence of substance use on antisocial and bullying behaviour of ...

79 Pages·2017·1.02 MB·English

PATTERN AND PREDICTIVE INFLUENCE OF SUBSTANCE USE ON ANTISOCIAL
AND BULLYING BEHAVIOUR OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN IBADAN
METROPOLIS

A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED BY
Enitan Oyenuga
MATRIC NO: RUN/PSY/16/6558

TO THE DEPARTMENT OF BEHAVIOURAL STUDIES, COLLEGE OF
MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, REDEEMER’S UNIVERSITY, EDE
OSUN STATE, NIGERIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA
IN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY.

AUGUST 2017
CERTIFICATION
Icertify that this research project titled ―Pattern and predictive influence of substance use on
antisocial and bullying behaviour among secondary school students in Ibadan metropolis‖.

Was conducted and written by
OYENUGA ENITAN OLADIPUPO
MATRIC NO: RUN/PSY/16/6558

Under my supervision

In partial fulfilment for the award of
Post graduate Diploma in Clinical Psychology
In The Department of Behavioural Studies, College of Management and Social Sciences,
Redeemer‘s University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.

Signature and Date Signature and Date

.................................... .......................................
Prof. Akinnawo E.O Dr Akinbobola O.I
Project Supervisor Head of Department
DEDICATION
I dedicate this research paper to God almighty, who has been my source of strength and
inspiration; He has enabled me to complete this academic endeavour. It is also dedicated to
everyone who has been supportive in one way or the other in making my academic journey
successful.
AKNOWLEGDEMENT
I am grateful to my heavenly father for giving me the fortitude to start and complete this
research work, It is only by his mercies, grace, protection, provision, divine enablement,
guidance, inspiration, benevolence and love, that this journey was made possible.
I also want to specially thank my wife, Oyenuga OlaronkeOlubunmi for her encouragement,
understanding, prayers and support. My love also goes to my wonderful children
Aanuoluwakiitan Oyenuga and Oluwafunmilesiayo Oyenuga, the entire Oyenuga and Eniola
family for their encouragement and support. Thank you all, you have always been there for me.
I want to also thank my caring and supportive supervisor and mentor, the Dean of the college
of management and social sciences, Professor Ebenezer Olutope Akinnawo for his patience,
motivation, guidance, support and encouragement all through this academic endeavour. I am
very grateful sir, May God continues to favour you and your entire family in Jesus name.
I also want to appreciate and love on all my lecturers;Professor Alfred Awaritefe, Dr. Mrs
Akinbobola O.I the head of department of Behavioural studies,Dr. Arogundade O. T, Dr.
Uzonwanne Francis O, Dr. Adegoke A.A, Professor Idehen and Mr. Ocheho ThankGod. Thank
you all and God bless you and all your endeavours.
I want to also remember all my colleges in the department of Behavioural studies, college of
management and social sciences, Mrs. Udechukwu Doreen, Miss. Ibukun Bello, Miss. Abigail
Ikeotunonye, Mrs.Onishile Deborah, Mr. Daniel Kumuyi, Mr. Akinniyi, Miss Onyeka
Mr.Nwuka Promisen, Mr.Tayo Ajirotutu, Miss Onyeka, Pastor Alakija,Dr. Akpunne Bede
andMiss Tosin for allyour encouragement and love. May God continue to favour you all-
Amen.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page....................................................................................................................... i
Certification ................................................................................................................... ii
Dedication ......................................................................................................................... iii
Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................ iv
Table of content.................................................................................................................. v
List of tables ...................................................................................................................... viii
Abstract............................................................................................................................... ix
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study ........................................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................................... 6
1.3 Research Questions .................................................................................................... 8
1.4 Objectives of the study ............................................................................................. 9
1.5 Research hypotheses ................................................................................................. 10
1.6 Relevance of the Study ............................................................................................. 10
1.7 Scope of Study .......................................................................................................... 11
1.8 Limitations of Study ................................................................................................. 11
1.9 Operational definition of terms ................................................................................. 11
1.10 Study Plan…............................................................................................................. 12
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Clarification of Concepts...................................................................................... 13
2.1.1 Drug Abuse........................................................................................................... 14
2.1.2 What Drugs Are Abused................................................................................. 15
2.1.3 Bullying Behaviour............................................................................................... 15
2.1.4 Characteristics of a Bully.................................-.................................................... 16
2.1.5 Characteristics of Someone Being Bullied............................................................ 17
2.1.6 Gender and Bullying Behaviour............................................................................ 18
2.1.7 Antisocial Behaviours........................................................................................... 20
2.2 Review of Relevant Theories................................................................................. 21
2.2.1 Coping Theory....................................................................................................... 21
2.2.2 Genera Strain Theory............................................................................................. 22
2.2.3 Social Disorganization Theory (SDT).................................................................. 22
2.2.4 Developmental Taxonomic Theory of Antisocial Behaviour................................ 24
2.2.5 Defiance Theory of Bullying Behaviour................................................................ 26
2.2.6 Ecological Theory of Bullying............................................................................... 27
2.3 Review of Empirical Studies.................................................................................. 29
2.3.1 Drug Use and Bullying............................................................................................ 29
2.3.2 Antisocial Behaviours and Bullying Behaviours.................................................... 32
2.4 Summary of Review........................................................................................ 35
CHAPTER: THREE RESEARCH METHODS
3.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................... ……. 36
3.1 Research Design........................................................................................................... 36
3.2 Research Setting ....................................................................................................... 36
3.3 Study population ....................................................................................................... 37
3.4 Sampling Technique ................................................................................................. 37
3.5 Research Instruments ................................................................................................ 37
3.6 Procedure for Data Collection .................................................................................... 39
3.7 Data analysis ............................................................................................................... 39
3.8 Ethical considerations.................................................................................................. 39

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 40
44.1.1 Socio Demographic Data ................................................................................... ...... 40
4.2 Test of Hypotheses ........................................................................................................ 45
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… 54
5.1 Discussion of the findings ……………………………………………………….. 54
5.2 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………….. 58
5.3 Recommendations …………………………………………………………………. 58

REFERENCES.............................................................................................................. 60
Appendix I. Research instruments ……………………………………………………… 67
Appendix II. Formal request letter to Oyo State Universal Basic Education Board (SUBEB)
Appendix III. Approved Consent Letter from Oyo State Universal Basic Education Board
(SUBEB)
Appendix IV. Certificate for Bioethics and research

LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 Descriptive analysis: Respondents Personal Profile ............................................. 40
Table 4.1.2 The Pattern of Drug use Among Adolescent Students ..................................... 41
Table 4.2 Descriptive statistics of antisocial Behaviours Component ............................... 42
Table 4.3 Descriptive statistics of Bullying Behaviours Component ................................ 43
Table 4.4Prevalence of Bullying Behaviour ..................................................................... 43
Table 4.5 Prevalence of Antisocial Behaviour ................................................................... 44
Table 4.6 Linear regression showing the predictive value of
drug use on bullying behaviour……………………………………………………............ 45
Table 4.7 Linear regression showing drug use as a predictor of anti-social behaviour ....... 46
Table 4.8 T-test Table for the bullying behaviour of Male and Female Students .................47
Table 4.9Means and Standard Deviations of Anti-Social Behaviour Sub-Scales ............... 48
Table 4.10 Linear regression multiple tables showing drug use as a
predictor of sub-scales of anti-social behaviour ....................................................... ........... 49
Table 4.11 Linear regression multiple tables showing use of various types of drug use
as a predictor of sub-scales of bullying behaviour sub-scales .......................................... 51

ABSTRACT
This study examined the patterns and predictive influence of substance use on
antisocial behaviour and bullying behaviour among secondary school students in Ibadan
metropolis of Oyo state. There is a dearth of studies that have examined the pattern and
predictive influence of substance usage and antisocial behaviour on bulling behaviour in
Nigeria. The objective of this research is to investigate the pattern and predictive influence of
substance usage on antisocial behaviour and bullying behaviour among secondary school
students.
The study design was a cross sectional survey research that utilized ex-post factor
design and a total of 600 students (adolescents) which were made up of 274 males and 326
females purposively selected from four schools to respond to Adolescent Alcohol & Drug
Involvement Scale (AADIS), Frequency of Drug Delinquent Behaviour Scaling Instrument
(FDBSI) and Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale (MPVS). Six theories were used to
explain the variables in the study which are, Application of Coping Theory (CT), General
Strain Theory (GST), Social Disorganization Theory (SDT), Developmental Taxonomic
Theory of Antisocial Behaviour (DTTAB), Defiance Theory of Bullying Behaviour (DTBB)
and Ecological Theory of Bullying (ETB). Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for
Social Sciences (SPSS). Statistical analysis used to test the hypotheses include the t-Test for
independent groups, one way analyses of variance (ANOVA), simple linear regression
analyses and Pearson moment correlation.
Prevalence of Bullying behaviour ranged from 75.3% for verbal abuse to 95.3% for
attack abuse with pathological levels ranging from 21.0% to 10.0% for verbal abuse to attack
abuse respectively. Prevalence of Antisocial behaviour also ranged from 18.2% for Status
offence to 68.2% for Theft with corresponding pathological levels of 3.5% for Status offense to
10.0% for theft. There was no significant gender influence on the levels of manifested
Antisocial and Bullying behaviours, [t (598) = -1.964, P < .05]; drug use had a significant
predictive influence on Truancy (Antisocial behaviour) {t (1,598) = 36.105 P<.05, Sig=.000);
while it did not have for its counterparts, theft, vandalism, destructiveness, physical aggression
and status offense (Antisocial behaviours). Drug use had a significant predictive influence on
attack and social abuse (Bullying behaviours).{t(9,590) = 8.183, P<.05, Sig=.000)} but did not
have a significant predictive influence on verbal and physical abuse.
Findings of this study, observed that drug use plays a crucial role in predicting level of
bullying and antisocial behaviours among adolescents. Study further suggested that
demographics variables such as gender were not found to be significant determinant of
bullying and antisocial behaviours among adolescents. Psychologists should therefore actively
take up responsibility of mounting awareness programs to sensitize the public-church, Schools,
Markets e.t.c.
Keyword; Substance Use, Antisocial, Bullying Behaviour, Secondary School Student.

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Adverse issues of absenteeism, poor academic performance and emotional disturbance
observed among secondary school students have being linked to bullying and antisocial
behaviour; these have significant influences on their career, wellbeing and the society at large.
Bullying and Antisocial behaviour are very serious and visible problems in many schools, and
they becomes particularly problematic during early adolescence, when youngsters are in
middle school. Bullying is a specific type of aggression in school, in which behaviour is
intended to harm or disturb; it occurs repeatedly over time and there is an imbalance of power,
with a more powerful person or group attacking a less powerful one (Sónia, Joaquim&Gustave
2013).The damage to victimized children is compounded by the relatively stable nature of
victimization, such that the same children often remain victims from one school year to the
next (Nansel, Haynie, & Simons-Morton, 2007). Consequences for such children include
emotional distress, such as loneliness, anxiety, and depression, as well as poor school
performance and attendance, low self-confidence and self-concept, and social marginalization.