Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems Part B: Oxygen Radicals and Antioxidants

917 Pages·1990·17.418 MB·English

by  Lester Packer, Alexander N. Glazer (Eds.)

Methods in Enzymology
Volume 186
Oqgen Radicals in
Biological Systems
Part B
Oxygen Radicals and Antioxidants
EDITED BY
Lester Packer
Alexander N. Glazer
DEPARTMENT OF MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY
BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA
Editorial Advisory Board
Bruce Ames Rolf J. Mehlhom
Anthony Diplock William Pryor
Lars Emster Helmut Sies
Irwin Fridovich Trevor F. Slater
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
San Diego New York Boston
London Sydney Tokyo Toronto
Contributors to Volume 186
elcitrA srebmun era ni sesehtnerap gniwollof the names of .srotubirtnoc
Affiliations listed era .tnerruc
BONG-WHAN AHN (49), Department of Bio- JOSEPH N. BENOIT (80), Department of
chemistry, Chonnam National University Physiology and Biophysics, Louisiana
Medical College, Kwangju, Republic of State University Medical Center, Shreve-
Korea port, Louisiana 03117
KAZUAKI AKASAKA (13), Department of J. BEREITER-HAHN (79), lnstitut far Kine-
Food Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, matische Zellforschung, Fachbereich
Tohoku University, Sendai, 189 Japan Biologie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe -nU
BRUCE N. AMES (31, 38, 54), Division of iversitiit, 6000 Frankfurt am Main ,07
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal Republic of Germany
University of California, Berkeley, Berke- M. BERGER (52), Laboratoires de Chimie,
ley, California 02749 D~partement de Recherche Fondamen-
ADOLFO AMICI (49), Istituto di Biochimica, tale, Centre d'Etudes Nucldaires, 85X,
Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Univer- 14083-F Grenoble Cedex, France
sita de Ancona, 60100 Ancona, Italy
WAYNE F. BEYER, JR. (23), Department of
G. A. S. ANSARI (45), Department of Hu- Biochemistry, Duke University Medical
man Biological Chemistry and Genetics, Center, Durham, North Carolina 01772
University of Texas Medical Branch,
BENON H. J. BIELSKI (4, 5, 6), Department
Galveston, Texas 05577
of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Lab-
F. S. ARCHIBALD (22), Biological Chemistry oratory, Upton, New York 37911
Section, Pulp and Paper Research Insti-
H. CHA1M BIRNBOIM (57), Ottawa Regional
tute of Canada, Pointe Claire, Quebec,
Cancer Center and Departments of Bio-
HgR 3J9 Canada
chemistry and Microbiology~Immunol-
KLAUS-DIETER ASMUS (15), Hahn-Meitner
ogy, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, -nO
Institut Berlin, Bereich S, Abteilung
tario, K1H 6,_18 Canada
Strahlenchemie, D-IO00 Berlin ,93 Fed-
eral Republic of Germany ROaERT C. BLAKE II (27), Department of
Biochembtry, Meharry Medical College,
STEVEN D. AUST (48), Biotechnology Cen-
Nashville, Tennessee 80273
ter, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
22348 WOLF BORS (36), Institatfiir Strahlenbiolo-
CHARLES F. BABBS (11), ehT William A. Hil- gie, GSF Research Center, D-8042
lenbrand Biomedical Engineering Center, Neuherberg, Federal Republic of Ger-
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indi- many
ana 47907 JEFF A. BOYD (29), Laboratory of Molecu-
RUMYANA A. BAKALOVA (37), Institute of lar Carcinogenesis, National Institute of
Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sci- Environmental Health Sciences, Re-
ences, Sofia 113, Bulgaria search Triangle Park, North Carolina
GionGio BELLOMO (66), Dipartimento di 90772
Medicina Interne e Terapia Medica, GARRY R. BUETTNER (8, 9), ESR Center,
Clinica Medica ,1 University of Pavia, College of Medicine, University of Iowa,
00172 Pavia, Italy Iowa City, Iowa 24225
xiii
xiv CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 186
YROGERG B. BULKLEY (78), Department of C. ZORRACED (52), Rhone-M~rieux Labora-
Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, toires 1FFA, F-69007, Lyon, France
Baltimore, Maryland 50212 TREBREH ED GROOT (46), Klinische For-
PAUEA BURCH (67), Department of Cell Bi- schergrappe Leberschiidigung, Institut
ology, Baylor School of Medicine, Hous- far Physiologische Chemie und Abteilung
ton, Texas 15277 fiir Gastroenterologie, Heinrich-Heine-
DNOMYAR F. BURK (84), Division of Gastro- Universitiit Diisseldorf, D-4000 Diissel-
enterology, Department of Medicine and dorf ,1 Federal Republic of Germany
Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vander- MIRAL ULGORADZID (55), Center for Chem-
bilt University School of Medicine, Nash- ical Technology, National Institute of
ville, Tennessee 23273 Standards and Technology, Gaithers-
ERODOEHT J. BURKEY (72), Department of burg, Maryland 99802
Chemistry, Memphis State University, H. H. DRAPER (43), Department of Nutri-
Memphis, Tennessee 25183 tional Sciences, University of Guelph,
ENAID E. CABELLI (6), Department of Guelph, Ontario, NIG 2WI Canada
Chemistry, Brookhaven National Labora- DRAWDE A. DRATZ (40, 41), Department of
tory, Upton, New York 37911 Chemistry, Montana State University,
EUQIRNE CADENAS (16, 30), Institute for Bozeman, Montana 59717
Toxicology, University of Southern Cali- DAVID A. EASTMOND (61), Environmental
fornia, Los Angeles, California 33009 Toxicology Graduate Program, Univer-
J. CADET (52), Laboratoires de Chimie, D~- sity of California, Riverside, Riverside,
partement de Recherche Fondamentale, California 12529
Centre d'Etudes Nucldaires, 85X, F- DIRGNI EMERIT (58), Laboratoire de Geneti-
14083 Grenoble Cedex, France que, Institut Biomedical des Cordeliers,
KEVIN H. CHEESEMAN (42), Department Universite Paris VI and CNRS, 75006
Biochemistry, Brunel University, Ux- Paris, France
bridge, Middlesex, UB8-3PH, England LARS RETSNRE (16, 30), Department of Bio-
DANIEL F. HCRUHC (72), Biodynamics Insti- chemistry, University of Stockholm,
tute, Louisiana State University, Baton S-106 ,19 Stockholm, Sweden
Rouge, Louisiana 30807 NNAMREH ESTERBAUER (42), Institute of
LEBASI CLIMENT (49), Laboratory of Bio- Biochemistry, University of Graz, A-8010
chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Graz, Austria
Blood Institute, National Institutes of RECNEPS B. FARR (68), Laboratory of Toxi-
Health, Bethesda, Maryland 29802 cology, Harvard University, Boston,
MINOR J. NOOC (27, 28), Department of Bio- Massachusetts 51120
logical Chemistry, University of Michigan PETER W. F. FISCHER (21), Nutrition Re-
Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan search Division, Health and Welfare
90184 Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 2LO
KENNETH C. CUNDY (54), Sterling Re- Canada
search Group, Great Valley Corporate E. N. FRANKEL (39), Department of Food
Center, Great Valley, Pennsylvania 55391 Science and Technology, University of
JOHN T. CURNUTTE (59), Department of California, Davis, Davis, California 61659
Molecular and Experimental Medicine, BALZ FRE! (38), Division of Biochemistry
Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La and Molecular Biology, University of Cal-
Jolla, California 92037 ifornia, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
KELVIN J. A. DAVIES (51), Department of 02749
Biochemistry and Institute for Toxicol- IRWIN HCIVODIRF (23), Department of Bio-
ogy, University of Southern California, chemistry, Duke University Medical Cen-
Los Angeles, California 33009 ter, Durham, North Carolina 27710
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 186 XV
WILLIAM H. FPdST (81), Department of Car- BARRY HALLIWELL (1), Department of
diac and Thoracic Surgery, Vander- Medical Biochemistry, King's College,
bilt University, Nashville, Tennessee University of London, London WC2R
23273 2LS, England
JORGEN FUCHS (17, 73, 79), Zentrum der DRAWOH J. HALPERN (64), Department of
Dermatologie und Venerologie, Abteilung Radiation Oncology, University of Chi-
II, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang cago School of Medicine, Chicago, Illi-
Goethe Universitiit, 6000 Frankfurt am nois 60637
Main ,07 Federal Republic of Ger- PHILIP E. NAMTRAH (32), Department of Bi-
many ology, The Johns Hopkins University,
EWA GAJEWSKI (55), Center for Chemical Baltimore, Maryland 21218
Technology, National Institute of Stan- YERFFEJ J. HAYES (56), Department of
dards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins Univer-
Maryland 20899 sity, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
DONITA GARLAND (49), Laboratory of WERNER HEELER (36), Institut fiir Bio-
Mechanisms of Ocular Diseases, Na- chemische Pflanzenpathologie, GSF Re-
tional Eye Institute, National Institutes of search Center, D-8042 Neuherberg, Fed-
Health, Bethesda, Maryland 29802 eral Republic of Germany
SOLRAC J. GIMENO (54), Division of Bio- SEMAJ S. NOSREDNEH (76), Department of
chemistry and Molecular Biology, Uni- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Univer-
versity of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, sity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba,
California 02749 R3E 3WO Canada
REDNAXELA N. GLAZER (14, 31), Division KRISTINA E. HILL (84), Division of Gastro-
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, enterology, Department of Medicine and
Department of Molecular and Cell Biol- Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vander-
ogy, University of California, Berkeley, bih University, Nashville, Tennessee
Berkeley, California 02749 23273
O. NILE GRANGER (80), Department of PAUL NIETSHCOH (30), Institute of Toxicol-
Physiology and Biophysics, Louisiana ogy, University of Southern California,
State University Medical Center, Shreve- Los Angeles, California 33009
port, Louisiana 03117
HELEN HUGHES (75), Center for Experimen-
OLRAC NILOGERG (47), Department of Bio- tal Therapeutics and Section on Hyper-
logical Chemistry, University of Padova, tension~Clinical Pharmacology, Baylor
12153 Padova, Italy College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
WEHTTAM B. MAHSIRG (80), Department of 03077
Physiology and Biophysics, Louisiana ROLF D. ISSELS (77), lnstitut fiir Klinische
State University Medical Center, Shreve- Haematologie and Medizinische Klinik
port, Louisiana 03117 II1, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Max-
JOHN M. C. GUTTERIDGE (1), Division of imilians-Univeristiit, D-8000 Miinchen
Chemistry, National Institute for Biologi- ,07 Federal Republic of Germany
cal Standards and Control, Potters Bar, TUMTRAH EKHCSEAJ (75, 83), Center for Ex-
Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, England perimental Therapeutics and Section on
M. HADLEY (43), Department of Food and Hypertension~Clinical Pharmacology,
Nutrition, College of Home Economics, Department of Medicine and Pharmacol-
North Dakota State University, Fargo, ogy, Baylor College of Medicine, Hous-
North Dakota 50185 ton, Texas 03077
TREBOR D. HALL (10), Development Divi- NAIRELAV E. KAGAN (37), Institute of Phys-
sion, S YVA Company, PaiD Alto, Califor- iology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,
nia 30349 Sofia 113, Bulgaria
xvi CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 186
B. NAMARANAYLAK (35), Department of MATILDE ONIROIAM (47), Department of -iB
Radiology, National Biomedical ESR ological Chemistry, University of Pa-
Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, dora, 12153 Padova, Italy
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 62235 STEFAN L. DNOLKRAM (25), Department of
ECNARUAL MAK (56), University of Penn- Clinical Chemistry, Umed University
sylvania, School of Medicine, Philadel- Hospital, S-90185 ,t?emU Sweden
phia, Pennsylvania 40191 HPESOJ P. MARTIN, JR. (19, 67), Bioprocess
SEMAJ P. KEHRER (65), Department of Research and Development, ehT Upjohn
Pharmacology and Toxicology, College Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan 10094
of Pharmacy, ehT University of Texas at Z. MASKOS (12), Biodynamics Institute,
Austin, Austin, Texas 21787 Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge,
L1 HAN KIM (50), Department of Chemis- Louisiana 30807
try, Baijae University, Taejon, Republic DLANOR P. MASON (9, 33), Laboratory of
of Korea Molecular Biophysics, National Institute
AWHGNAK KIM (50), Department of Food of Environmental Health Sciences, Re-
and Nutrition, College of Natural Sci- search Triangle Park, North Carolina
ence, Chonnam National University, 90772
Gwangju, ,50-005 Republic of Korea LAURA A. MAYO (59), Department of Inter-
W. H. KOPPENOL (12), Biodynamics Insti- laH Medicine, University of Michigan
tute, and Departments of Chemistry Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
and Biochemistry, Louisiana State Uni- 90184
versity, Baton Rouge, Louisiana YNOTNA F. McDONAGH (31), Department
30807 of Medicine, and the Liver Center, Uni-
DRAHCIR J. KULMACZ (44), Department of versity of California, San Francisco, San
Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Francisco, California 34149
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 21606 IHSOR1H ORUGEM (i 3), Department of Food
MARY R. L'ABBI~ (21), Nutrition Research Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, -oT
Division, Health and Welfare Canada, hoku University, Sendai, 189 Japan
Ottawa, Ontario, KIA 2LO Canada ROLE J. NROHLHEM (17, 73), Applied Sci-
WILLIAM E. M. LANDS (44), Department of ence Division, Lawrence Berkeley Labo-
Biochemistry, University of Illinois at ratory, Berkeley, California 02749
Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 21606 WALTER H. MERRILL (81), Department of
NAHTANOJ A. LEFF (69), Webb-Waring Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Vander-
Lung Institute and the University of -oloC hilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
rado Health Sciences Center, Denver, 04273
Colorado 26208 CHRISTA MICHEL (36), Institute fiir
ANKE-G. LENZ (49), Inhalation Project/Bio- Strahlenbiologie, GSF Research Center,
chemistry Group, Gesellschaft fiir 2408-D Neuherberg, Federal Republic of
Strahlen-und Umweltforschung, 2408-D Germany
Neuherberg, Federal Republic of Ger- SINNED M. MILLER (48), Department of En-
many vironmental Health, University of Wash-
YENDOR L. LEVINE (49), Laboratory of Bio- ington, Seattle, Washington 59189
chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and SEMAJ F. MILLER, JR. (44), Department of
Blood Institute, National Institutes of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at
Health, Bethesda, Maryland 29802 Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 21606
ANITSIRHC LIND (30), Department of Bio- YRREJ R. MITCHELL (75, 83), ehT Upjohn
chemistry, University of Stockholm, Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan, and
S-106 19 Stockholm, Sweden Center for Experimental Therapeutics
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 681 xvii
and Section on Hypertension~Clinical RETSEL REKCAP (17, 73, 79), Department of
Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology, University of
Baylor College of Medicine and Physiol- California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
ogy, Houston, Texas 03077 02749
ARDNASSELA MOCALI (18), lstituto di Pato- OCSECNARF ITTELOAP (18), lstituto di Pato-
logia Generale, ~,tisrevinU degli Studi di logia Generale, Universitd degli Studi di
Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy
KENNETH D. SERKNUM (24), Laboratory of JEEN-Woo PARK (54), Division of Biochem-
Molecular Biology and Department of istry and Molecular Biology, University of
Genetics, ehT University of Wisconsin, California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
Madison, Wisconsin 60735 02749
LEAHCIM E. MURPHY (63), Institutfiir Phy- TREBOR B. NOTELDNEP (44), Department of
siologische Chemie ,1 Heinrich-Heine Biochemistry, University of Illinois at
Universitiit Diisseldorf, 4000 Diisseldorf Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 21606
,1 Federal Republic of Germany WILLIAM A. ROYAP (72), Biodynamics Insti-
ONRA NAGELE (77), Medizinische Klinik ,111 tute, Louisiana State University, Baton
Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maxi- Rouge, Louisiana 30807
milians-Universitiit, D-8000 Miinchen ,07
D. N. ANHSIRKAMAR OAR (33), Laboratory
Federal Republic of Germany
of Molecular Biophysics, National Insti-
MINORU NAKANO (20, 34, 62), College of tute of Environmental Health Sciences,
Medical Care and Technology, Gunma Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
University, Maebashi-shi, Gunma 371, 90772
Japan
JOHN E. REPINE (69), Webb-Waring Lung
W. E. NEFF (39), Northern Regional Re- Institute and the University of Colorado
search Center, Agricultural Research Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colo-
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, rado 26208
Peoria, Illinois 40616
SUE OOG RHEE (50), Laboratory of Bio-
OUSTE NIKI (3, 34), Faculty of Engineering, chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and
Department of Reaction Chemistry, Uni- Blood Institute, National Institutes of
versity of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113, Health, Bethesda, Maryland 29802
Japan
GERALD M. ROSEN (64), Department of
GERALD D. MOLRDRON (27), Pharmaceuti- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Univer-
cal Research Division, Warner Lambert- sity of Maryland School of Pharmacy,
Parke Davis, Ann Arbor, Michigan 50184 Baltimore, Maryland 10212
IHSORIH OHRUI (13), Department of Food ATREBLA I. Ross (5), Radiation Chemistry
Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, -oT Data Center, Radiation Laboratory, Uni-
hoku University, Sendai, 189 Japan versity of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indi-
AIHTNYC N. OLIVER (49, 60), Laboratory of ana 65564
Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and J. D. RUSH (12), Biodynamics Institute,
Blood Institute, National Institutes of Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge,
Health, Bethesda, Maryland 29802 Louisiana 30807
STEN ORRENIUS (66), Department of -ixoT VICTOR M. NYZSYKOMAS (48), School of
cology, Karolinska lnstitutet, S104-01 Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceuti-
Stockholm, Sweden cal Chemistry, University of California,
TREROR E. PACIFICl (51), Department of San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Biochemistry and Institute for Technol- 34149
ogy, University of Southern California, DERFNAM NARAS (36), lnstitutfiir Strahlen-
Los Angeles, California 33009 biologie, GSF Research Center, 2408-D
xviii CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 186
Neuherberg, Federal Republic of Ger- Blood Institute, National Institutes of
many Health, Bethesda, Maryland 29802
K. M. SCHAICH (7), Department of Food ASSILEM GALE STEINER (IlL ehT William
Science, Cook College, Rutgers Univer- A. Hillenbrand Biomedical Engineering
sity, New Brunswick, New Jersey 30980 Center, Purdue University, West Lafay-
HEINZ-PETER SCHUCHMANN (53), Max- ette, Indiana 47907
Planck-lnstitut fiir Strahlenchemie, TREBOR J. SNEHPETS (40, 41), Cell Biology
0334-D Miilheim an der Ruhr ,1 Federal Program, Life Sciences Division, SR1 In-
Republic of Germany ternational, Menlo Park, California 52049
ELENA E. SERBINOVA (37), Institute of JAMES R. STEWART (81), Department of
Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sci- Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Vander-
ences, Sofia 113, Bulgaria bilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
SHMUEL SHALTIEL (49), Department of 23273
Chemical Immunology, ehT Weizmann DNALOR REKCOTS (31), The Heart Research
Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Is- Institute, Camperdown, New South
rael Wales 2050, Australia
MARK SHIGENAGA (54), Division of Bio- OKNAST S. VEHCTYOTS (37), Institute of
chemistry and Molecular Biology, Uni- Physiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sci-
versity of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, ences, Sofia 113, Bulgaria
California 02749 SATOSm SUMIDA (17), Department of
HELMUT SIES (63), Institut fiir Physiolog- Sports and Sciences, Osaka Gakuin Uni-
ische Chemie I, Heinrich-Heine Universi- versity, Suita, Osaka 564, Japan
tiit Diisseldorf, 4000 Di~sseldorf ,1 Fed- CRAM S. NAMSSUS (78), Department of Sur-
eral Republic of Germany gery, ehT Johns Hopkins Hospital, Balti-
LEAHCIM G. SIMIC (2), Center for Radiation more, Maryland 50212
Research, National Institute for Stan- LANCE S. ADARET (69), Webb-Waring Lung
dards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Institute and the University of Colorado
Maryland 99802 Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colo-
AJIT S1NGH (76), Radiation Applications rado 26208
Research Branch, Atomic Energy of Can- DAVID W. THOMAS (40, 41), Cell Biology
ada Ltd, Whiteshell Nuclear Research Program, Life Sciences Division, SRI
Establishment, Pinawa, Manitoba, EOR International, Menlo Park, California
OL1 Canada 52049
TNAWRAH HGN1S (76), Radiation Applica- SIDROJI-I THOR (66), Department of -locixoT
tions Research Branch, Atomic Energy of ogy, Karolinska lnstitutet, 10-401S Stock-
Canada Ltd, Whiteshell Nuclear Re- holm, Sweden
search Establishment, Pinawa, Mani- T. THORICH (79), Zentrum der Biologischen
toba, EOR OLI Canada Chemie, Zentrum der Johann Wolfgang
LELAND L. SMITH (45), Department of Hu- Goethe Universitgit, 6000 Frankfurt am
man Biological Chemistry and Genetics, Main ,07 Federal Republic of Germany
University of Texas Medical School, DANIELE TOUATI (68), Genetique et Mem-
Galveston, Texas 05577 branes, lnstitut Jacques Monod,
NYTRAM T. SMITH (61), School of Public C.N.R.S., Paris VII, 15257 Paris Cedex
Health, University of California, Berke- ,50 France
ley, Berkeley, California 02749 SAMOHT D. TULLIUS (56), Department of
EARL R. NAMTDATS (49, 50), Laboratory of Chemistry, ehT Johns Hopkins Univer-
Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and sity, Baltimore, Maryland 81212
CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 186 xix
FOLVIO URSINI (47), Department of Biologi- RONALD E. WHITE (27), Department of
cal Chemistry, University of Padova, Drug Metabolism, Squibb Institute for
12153 Padova, Italy Medical Research, Princeton, New Jer-
sey 34580
KCIREDERF J. G. M. NAV KUIJK (40, 41),
Department of Chemistry, Montana State G. MELVILLE WILLIAMS (82), Department
University, Bozeman, Montana 59717 of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Univer-
J. E. NAV LIER (52), MRC Group in Radia- sity, School of Medicine, Baltimore,
tion Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Maryland 50212
Sherbrooke, Quebec, JIH 5N4 Canada ENITSIRHC C. NRUOBRETNIW (26), Depart-
ALFIN D. N. SAV (28), Department of Bio- ment of Pathology, School of Medicine,
logical Chemistry, University of Michigan Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch,
Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan New Zealand
90184 ORIHIROY OTOMAMAY (38), Department of
SNEMELC NOV SONNTAG (53), Max-Planck- Reaction Chemistry, Faculty of Engineer-
lnstitut fiir Strahlenchemie, D-4330 ing, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-
Miilheim an der Ruhr ,1 Federal Republic ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
of Germany UZAKIHSOT AWAKIHSOY (70, 71), First De-
J. R. WAGNER (52), Department of Bio- partment of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural
chemistry, University of California, University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 02749 Kyoto 602, Japan
D. REDELSIEW (39), Northern Regional Re- D. M. ZIEGLER (65), Department of Chemis-
search Center, Agricultural Research try, Clayton Foundation Biochemical In-
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, stitute, The University of Texas at Austin,
Peoria, Illinois 40616 Austin, Texas 21787
THCERBLA WENDEL (74), Faculty of Biol- G. ZIMMER (79), Zentrum der Biologischen
ogy, Department of Biochemical Pharma- Chemie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang
cology, University of Konstanz, D-7750 Goethe Universitdt, 6000 Frankfurt am
Konstanz, Federal Republic of Germany Main ,07 Federal Republic of Germany
Preface
Interest in oxygen radicals continues to grow with the accumulation of
evidence that oxygen-derived free radicals play a role in a wide variety of
pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, emphysema, ischemia,
radiation injury, and cancer and may be important in the aging process.
On the positive side, reactive oxygen species produced by leukocytes
contribute to the killing of microbes.
The contributions to this volume describe methods for the generation
and determination of various radical species and for the study of the
products of their attack on proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. A number
of the articles deals with the assessment of free radical-mediated ischemia
and reperfusion-associated tissue damage. Fundamental studies of free
radical damage on tissues, isolated organs, and whole organisms are es-
sential for the design of protective and therapeutic medical intervention.
The methods used for the assessment of free radical damage in com-
plex systems need to be applied with caution and appreciation for poten-
tial pitfalls. Where roles in pathogenesis are ascribed to free radicals, it is
important to ascertain whether such roles are primary or secondary. We
are indebted to Drs. B. Halliwell and J. Gutteridge for the opening contri-
bution to this volume which provides a critical assessment of these basic
questions.
We extend grateful appreciation to the advisory board members,
Bruce Ames, Anthony Diplock, Lars Ernster, Irwin Fridovich, Rolf
Mehlhorn, William Pryor, Helmut Sies, and Trevor Slater, who provided
much valuable advice and contributions.
LESTER PACKER
ALEXANDER N. GLAZER
xxi
METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY
VOLUME I. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME II. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME III. Preparation and Assay of Substrates
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME IV. Special Techniques for the Enzymologist
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME V. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes
Edited by SIDNEY P. ¢~CIWOLOC DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME VI. Preparation and Assay of Enzymes )deunitnoC(
Preparation and Assay of Substrates
Special Techniques
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME VII. Cumulative Subject Index
Edited by SIDNEY P. COLOWICK DNA NATHAN O. KAPLAN
VOLUME VIII. Complex Carbohydrates
Edited by ELIZABETH F. NEUFELD DNA GINSBUR6 VICTOR
VOLUME IX. Carbohydrate Metabolism
Edited by WILLIS A. Wooo
VOLUME X. Oxidation and Phosphorylation
Edited by RONALD W. KOORBATSE DNA MAYNARD E. NAMLLUP
VOLUME XI. Enzyme Structure
Edited by C. H. W. HIRS
VOLUME XII. Nucleic Acids (Parts A and B)
Edited by LAWRENCE NAMSSORG DNA KIVIE EVADLOM
xxiii