Table Of ContentO
RGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
O
RGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Editor
Mirza S Saiyadain
International Management Institute
New Delhi
Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited
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Rosy
Anjum-Sajid
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Adnan, Zoya, and Kabeer
P R E F A C E
F
or a long time teachers of organisational behaviour in Indian B-Schools have used textbooks
written by the Western authors. While these books provide a very lucid and valuable account of
theories and concepts of organisational behaviour, they have been found to be lacking in their
application in Indian situations. The present book is an attempt to fill this gap. A large number of
Indian case studies have been presented to explain, accept or refute, and provide empirical support to
various theories and concepts in the Indian context. As such, this book, besides being a textbook, is
a good reference material for scholars and academicians who would like to pursue a particular topic
for their research. I would like to particularly point that we have spent a lot of time and energy in
searching for the Indian references, most of which are of recent origin.
My objective in writing this book has been to help readers develop information processing,
diagnostic, problem-solving, and decision-making abilities. The following features of the book
would help in achieving these objectives.
First, it is easy to write a theoretical book but more difficult to explain to others how such theories
apply in the real world. The focus of the book is on applications. Short case-studies given within
the chapters and longer cases at the end of the chapters will help the readers develop diagnostic
and problem-solving abilities, and see how concepts are translated into practice in organisations.
Second, it also has exercises and questionnaires at the end of the chapters, which can help the
readers examine and appreciate the organisational predispositions, which influence the process of
decision-making and information sharing.
Third, to master the feel of organisational behaviour and to learn how to apply these concepts on
the job, an integrated and comprehensive package is required. The book has 14 chapters classified in
three major clusters. It examines organisational behaviour at the level of the individual, a small
group, and the total organisation. Such an approach provides a comprehensive treatment of all
aspects of organisational behaviour and helps readers integrate issues in a total perspective.
Fourth, the book provides practical solutions to human problems in organisations. It is a blueprint
for action. The readers should be able to take viable and sustainable decisions based on their
understanding of the material covered in this book.
Mirza S Saiyadain
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I
am grateful to Dr Nitish Sengupta, Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) and Director General
of International Management Institute, New Delhi, for providing me the time and infrastructural
support to complete this book. A number of my colleagues in management institutions have
supported my efforts by writing chapters for this book. I know not how to express my gratefulness to
them except to say, “thank you”.
A number of people have contributed directly and indirectly in the preparation of this book. I
would like to thank particularly Ms Sushmita S Waraich for doing library research, Ms Lubna
Nafees for proofreading several drafts of the chapters. Last but not the least, this book would not
have been completed without the untiring efforts of Ms Pushpa Vinod, who typed several drafts of
the text. She deserves my utmost gratitude.
Mirza S Saiyadain
CONTENTS
Preface vii
Acknowledgements ix
1. Introduction to Organisational Behaviour 1
Division of Labour 2
Bureaucracy 3
Scientific Management 5
Hawthorne Studies 8
Adhocracy 10
Theory Z 11
What is an Organisation 13
What is Behaviour 13
What is Organisational Behaviour 14
Review Questions 16
References 21
2. Personality and Organisation 23
Personality Described 23
Johari Window 25
Personality Research 27
Measurement of Personality 28
Theories of Personality 31
Conclusion 35
Review Questions 36
References 38
3. Work Motivation 40
What is Motivation 41
Theories of Motivation 43
xii
CONTENTS
Factors Affecting Motivation 49
New Ventures in Motivation 50
Review Questions 52
References 54
4. Job Satisfaction 56
What is Job Satisfaction 56
Historical Overview 57
Job Satisfaction and Attitude 58
Measuring Job Satisfaction 58
Theories of Job Satisfaction 60
Determinants of Job Satisfaction 63
Consequences of Job Satisfaction 66
Summary and Implications for Managers 69
Review Questions 70
References 76
5. Organisational Communication 81
Meaning of Communication 81
Communication Networks 82
Direction of Communication Flow 83
Kinds of Communication 86
Determinants of Communication 88
Improving Communication Effectiveness 92
Review Questions 95
References 98
6. Leadership 99
Leadership Defined 99
Managers versus Leaders 100
Leadership Perspectives 100
New Era of Leadership 113
General Indian Culture and Leadership Theories 115
Leadership Styles and Effectiveness 118
xiii
CONTENTS
Examples of Successful Leadership 118
Review Questions 126
References 128
7. Authority, Power, and Politics 130
Authority 130
Authority and Power 131
Power 133
Politics 138
Review Questions 144
References 149
8. Managing Negotiation 151
Negotiation Described 152
Assumptions in Negotiation 153
Negotiation Process 154
Characteristics of an Effective Negotiator 156
Game Plan 158
Kinds of Negotiation 162
Cross-cultural Negotiation 165
Review Questions 167
References 169
9. Management of Change 172
What is Change 173
Characteristics of Change 174
Kinds of Change 175
Understanding Organisational Change 175
Behavioural Reactions to Change 178
Resistance to Change 180
Organisation Development 184
Role of Leadership and Change Agents 187
Review Questions 190
References 193
xiv
CONTENTS
10. Team Management 195
What is Team 196
Difference Between Groups and Teams 197
Types of Teams 198
Team Development 199
Group Dynamics in Team Work 202
Decision-making in Teams 207
Issues in Team Problem-solving 209
Team Composition 210
Team Size 210
Managing Team Performance 211
Challenges in Team Performance 212
Review Questions 212
References 215
11. Inter-group Relations: Cooperation, Competition,
and Conflict 217
What is a Group 217
Inter-group Behaviour 218
Managing Inter-group Relations 221
Strategies of Conflict Resolution 222
Indian Research on Conflict Management 223
Review Questions 225
References 228
12. Organisational Stress and its Management 229
What is Stress 229
Measurement of Stress 231
Sources of Stress 233
Symptoms of Stress 235
Coping Strategies 239
Review Questions 244
References 247
