Opuntia pinkavae (Cactaceae), a new species from Arizona and Utah

6 Pages·1997·2.4 MB·English

by  B D Parfitt

RHODORA,
Vol. 99, No. 899, 223-228, 1997
pp.
OPUNTIA PINKAVAE A NEW
(CACTACEAE),
SPECIES
FROM
AND
ARIZONA UTAH
Bruce
D. Parfitt
Biology Department, MI
University of Michigan-Flint, 48502-2186
Flint,
A
new
abstract.
species of octoploid, dry-fruited prickly-pear {Opuntia
subgenus
Opuntia), O. pinkavae, described from the Arizona-Utah bound-
is
ary region. Opuntia pinkavae most
is closely allied with O. aurea, a dry-
fruited endemic, although its gross morphology resembles that of O. ma-
crorhiza, a fleshy-fruited species.
Key
Words:
Cactaceae, Opuntia subgenus Opuntia, Opuntia pinkavae,
prickly-pear, dry-fruited prickly-pear, polyploidy, pollen
Study of Opuntia polyacantha complex
the unpubl.)
(Parfitt
revealed an undescribed from northwestern Arizona and
species
southwestern Utah. The name honors Dr. Donald Pinkava of
J.
who
Arizona modern
State University, brought biosystematic
methods
to the study of species-level relationships in the taxo-
nomically challenging genus Opuntia.
Opuntia pinkavae nov. (Figure Holotype: usa,
Parfitt, sp. 1).
Mohave Canyon
Arizona: northwest of Bulrush south
Co.,
= May
of Pipe Spring, 1400 m, n 44, 30 1980, B. D. Parfitt
2874
(asu 111287!).
fructis
minute
mero 4 areolam
per
in
areolarum
graminosa
tantum
Opuntia erinacea erinacea hystricina) spinis
et var.
(var.
plerumque
-4 solum fructorum
in areolis distalibus caulis, spinis
1
chromosomatum
mero
octoploideo
differt.
cm
Low 10-25
branches,
shrub with ascending to prostrate tall.
Stem segments narrowly broadly obovate, glabrous or
to flat,
sometimes very minutely pubescent with erect papilla-shaped tri-
cm
6.5-15
chomes; detached, long,
terminal segments not readily
cm much
3-11 than half the width;
wide, thickness generally less
mm
areoles about 15-20
223
224 Rhodora
99
[Vol.
E
B
F
A-C
Figure
1.
D
longitudinal section; F, seed. Scale bars: A-E, 5 cm; 5 mm. (A and from
F,
&
Brown B
851 and F from 2874 C Brown
Parfitt; from
Parfitt (holotype);
&
657 E &
from 3958
Parfitt; Parfitt Roberts.)
"»
—
1997] Opuntia pinkavae
Parfitt
occurrin
of the areoles; major spines 1-3 (-4) per areole, the longest (3.5-)
mm
cm
5-7
long, 0.7-0.8 (-1) in basal diameter, descending
to
porrect, yellow-gray to white-gray, occasionally brown
in basal
minor
half; spines (spines less than one-fourth the length of the
same
longest spine in the areole) 0-1, present areoles with
in
mm
fewer than 3 major spines, 2-16 long. Glochids conspicuous,
2-4 mm,
protruding forming a very dense crescent apex of the
at
areole, the sides of the crescent sometimes closing and almost
in
cm
forming
a column. Flowers 4.5-7.5 long; perianth magenta-
cm
pink, 2.5-3.5 long; filaments yellow to magenta; style white;
stigma
lobes green. Pollen dodecaporate, apertures smooth, mar-
gos
semi-tectate, or nearly punctate with baculate
finely reticulate
lumina and columellate muri: tectum of the tetragonal, non-ao-
Fruit 17;
mm
1—4 4-15
spines per occurring mostly upper
areole, long, in
mm mm
maximum
areoles. Seeds 6.5-8 diameter; raphe 1.5-2
in
Chromosome
wide from embryo chamber margin of
seed.
to
= =
number
2n Sx 88 (Pinkava and 1982, as O. erinacea
Parfitt
var. utahensis; unpubl.).
Parfitt
N
House Rock
Paratypes: United Arizona: Coconino Co., Valley,
States.
N &
Brown
of Rock Canyon, 2859 mi of Fredonia, 651
(asu!);
Parfitt
1
mi
W
W
(asu!, des); Navaho near Hurricane Rim, Gierisch 5132 (asu!); 4.2 mi
Trail
SW
&
of Wolf Hole, Brown 851 (asu!). utah: Washington Co., War-
Parfitt
R14W
5049 mi
ner Valley [SE of George], T43S S7, Gierisch (bry!); 16
St.
SSW
of Hurricane on Fort Pierce Wash, Earle s.n. (asu 108725!).
AND PHENOLOGY. Opuntia pinkavae not
DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT, is
uncommon Arizona and extreme southwestern
northwestern
in
from
Utah 1370-1560 m. The species occurs the
elevations of
at
woodlands.
arid grasslands margins of pinyon-juniper It is
to the
damaged by
have been
also found grasslands that
to persist in
The usu-
substrate
excessive grazing and subsequent erosion. is
loam.
much limestone-derived
ally fine, red sand; less often is
it
May
Flowering occurs and early June; fruits ripen in July.
in
been
taxonomic Opuntia pinkavae has long
relationships.
Benson's
overlooked many morphotypes included in
as one of the
&
Engelmann Bigelow
(1969, 1982) concept of O. erinacea J.
226 Rhodora
99
[Vol.
Any
(Engelmann)
Benson.
L. dry-fruited
and
ovaries
var.
Benson
sensu includes O. pinkavae and few-spined ecotypes of
&
O. erinacea erinacea and (Engelmann
var. var. hystricina
J.
Bigelow) The
Benson.
L. type of O. erinacea utahensis rep-
var.
resents a few-spined from
individual within the range of O.
eri-
nacea
var. hystricina.
Opuntia pinkavae most
is closely allied with the yellow-flow-
McCabe
ered O. aurea ex
Baxter, a species of deep sand in pin-
yon-juniper woodlands along a small portion of the Arizona-Utah
boundary. The
similarities of pubescence, pollen
ultrastructure,
and seed morphology
indicate a close relationship between the
two
species. Opuntia aurea having yellow
differs in the perianth
(without red or pink), stem segments spineless (rarely with a sin-
gle short spine in one or two areoles), and hexaploid chromosome
number = =
(2n 6x Pinkava
66; 1973; Pinkava and
et al. Parfitt
Pinkava
1982; et al. 1992; Parfitt unpubl.). Stem segments of O.
aurea
are very minutely mag-
papillate, the trichomes
visible
at
X
nification of 25 or greater. In about two thirds of the known
populations of pinkavae some
O. individuals have similar papil-
One
liform trichomes.
population of pinkavae
O. east of the Kai-
bab many
Plateau has
individuals almost only
spineless 3
(e.g.,
on
spines one
segment),
further suggesting relationship with O.
aurea. Benson's
(1982) remarks on hybridization between O. au-
rea and O. erinacea X
var. utahensis apply to O. aurea O. pin-
kavae. Hybrids and
backcrosses between two
the species are
known
(Parfitt unpubl.) at the interface between respective
their
pinyon-juniper and
arid grassland
habitats.
Opuntia
pinkavae
resembles O. macrorhiza Engelmann hab-
in
rphology
fruits
fle
chromosome
= =
4x
Pinkava
(2/i 44;
et al. 1992; Parfitt unpubl.), and pollen
with
foveolate or
large-pitted non-apertural and margines
faces,
with
broad,
strongly baculate The
lumina.
tuberous roots for
which
O. macrorhiza was named
have
not been observed O.
in
•
pinkavae.
erinacea and
var.
var.
are
\
—
1997] Opuntia pinkavae
Parfitt 227
very
spiny
tetraploids (Pinkava et 1973; Pinkava and
al. Parfitt
Pinkava
1982; et 1985; Pinkava 1992;
al. et al. Parfitt unpubl.)
and
bear resemblance
fruits, O. pinka
little to
eastern
Arizona,
the geographic
distributions of O. pinkavae and O.
ni-
Benson
cholii L. overlap by about 0.5 km. Specimens from
throughout
the range of either species are distinctive and not
at
all likely to be confused. Although some individuals of 0. nichol-
km
are heptaploid and some
octoploid a about 27
ii at site east
of
the geographic range of pinkavae
O. (Parfitt unpubl.), 0. nich-
olii is hexaploid throughout most of geographic range (Pinkava
its
et al. 1977; Parfitt unpubl.), including the area of sympatry. There
no
is evidence of interbreeding between the two taxa. Opuntia
phaeacantha
Engelmann,
a fleshy-fruited hexaploid, the only
is
other Opuntia
species occasionally occurring with O. pinkavae.
Warner Washin
Vallev of
Utah
variety
—
&
Engelmann Bigelow woodburyi W.
Earle
var. (1980).
J.
number
Plants in that population share a greater of morphological
than
McLeod
1971 Pinkava
:
1973; Pinkava 1977; 1978; Takag
et Parfitt
al.
Warner
Pinkava
woodbury
The
name,
O. basilaris var.
Warner Vallev plants without the requii
indication of a holotype. therefore, invalid (see Art. 37.1,
It is,
The Warner
Valley plants
.
stemmed form of O. pinkax
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS grants
from America and Roger
the Cactus and Succulent Society of the
Tory Donald Pinkava
Peterson Special thanks to for
Institute. J.
guidance of David Keil kindly trans-
in all aspects the study. J.
M. and Katherine
Christy
lated the diagnosis Charlotte
to Latin.
Beth Eggers and Cindy Ault
L. Roberts work.
assisted in field
chromosome The following herbaria gen-
assisted with counting.
and
erously loaned specimens: ariz, asc, asu, bry, des us.
228 Rhodora
99
[Vol.
LITERATURE
CITED
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AZ.
Tucson,
The
1982. Cacti of the United States and Canada. Stanford Univ.
.
CA.
Press, Stanford,
A
Earle, W. H. 1980. new Opuntia identified in southwestern Utah. Saguar-
oland
Bull. 34: 15.
Greuter, W., R. Barrie, H. M. Burdet, W. G. Chaloner, Demoulin,
V.
F.
Hawksworth, M.
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Trehane, and McNeill, Code
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Regnum
Nomenclature. Veg. 131: 1-389.
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ed.,
LIX. Taxon
reports. 27: 54.
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J.,
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North America. 471-483.
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T. in
,
cacti of western North America. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 104: 105-
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110.
and M. McLeod. Chromosome
G. 1971. numbers some of
in cacti
North
—
176.
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, L. R. C. 1973.
,
some
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II.
and
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,
numbers some
in cacti of western North America. VI. Madrono 39: 98
113.
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1958. of the Cactaceae. Succ. Jap. 88-91.
3:
A
TaKAGL
N. 1938. of chromosome. nnmhpiTsl some nrnampntal
in nlant<
list
Miyazaki
Kashiwai, and Kondo. Chromosom*
S. N. 1973.
J,
bearing on the geographic subfam
distribution in the
Cactaceae). Rep. Breed. Res. Tokyo Univ. Agric
Inst.
1-10.
4: