Table Of ContentOptical Networks
Network Theory and Applications
Volume 6
Managing Editors:
Ding-Zhu Du, University ofM innesota, U.S.A.
and
Cauligi Raghavendra, University of Southern California, U.S.A.
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
Optical Networks
Recent Advances
Edited by
LuRuan
and
Ding-Zhu Du
Department of Computer Science and Engineering,
University ofM innesota,
Minneapolis, U.S.A.
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHT/BOSTON/LONDON
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-13:978-1-4613-7981-2 e-ISBN-13:978-1-4613 -0291-9
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-0291-9
Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
P.O. Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Sold and distributed in North, Central and South America
by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A.
In all other countries, sold and distributed
by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 200l
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
Contents
Foreword ............................ vii
On Dynamic Wavelength Assignment
in WDM Optical Networks .................. 1
Murat Alanyali
Wavelength Assignment Algorithms
for WDM Ring Architectures ............... . 19
Georgios Ellinas and Krishna Bala
Dynamic Traffic Scheduling for QoS Support
in WDM/TDM Networks with Arbitrary
Tuning Latencies ....................... 47
Nen-Fu Huang, Te-Lung Liu, and Ching-Fang Hsu
Optimal Placement of Wavelength Converters
in WDM Networks for Parallel and Distributed
Computing Systems .............. ........ 75
Xiaohua Jia, Ding-Zhu Du, Xiaodong Hu, Hejiao Huang,
and Deying Li
Lightpath Establishment in Wavelength-Routed
WDM Optical Networks ......... .. ........ 99
Jason P. Jue
Multifiber WDM Networks ................ . 123
Ling Li and Arun K. Somani
Recent Developments in Optical
Multistage Networks ..................... 151
Yi Pan, Chunming Qiao, Yuanyuan Yang, and Jie Wu
v
vi Contents
Connection Management for Wavelength-Routed
Optical WDM Networks ....... ..... .... .. . 187
Byrav Ramamurthy, Lu Shen, and Elie Sawma
Multicast Routing in WDM Optical Networks ... ... . 205
N. Sreenath, C. Siva Ram Murthy, and Gurusamy Mohan
Architecture and Analysis of Terabit Packet
Switches Using Optoelectronic Technologies ... ... .. 271
Ti-Shiang Wang and Sudhir Dixit
Allocation of Wavelength Converters in
All-Optical Networks ..... ... ....... ..... 299
Gaoxi Xiao and Yiu-Wing Leung
Foreword
With the rapid growth of bandwidth demand from network users and
the advances in optical technologies, optical networks with multiterabits
per-second capacity has received significant interest from both researchers
and practitioners. Optical networks deployment raises a number of
challenging problems that require innovative solutions, including net
work architectures, scalable and fast network management, resource
efficient routing and wavelength assignment algorithms, QoS support
and scheduling algorithms, and switch and router architectures. In this
book, we put together some important developments in this exiting area
during last several years. Some of the articles are research papers and
some are surveys. All articles were reviewed by two reviewers.
The paper, "On Dynamic Wavelength Assignment in WDM Optical
Networks," by Alanyali gives an overview of some issues in the analy
sis and synthesis of dynamic wavelength assignment policies for optical
WDM networks and illustrates a new method of analysis. The paper by
Ellinas and Bala, "Wavelength Assignment Algorithms for WDM Ring
Architectures," presents two optimal wavelength assignment algorithms
that assign the minimum number of wavelengths between nodes on WDM
rings to achieve full mesh connectivity.
In the paper, "Optimal Placement of Wavelength Converters in WDM
Networks for Parallel and Distributed Computing Systems," Jia et al.
present the necessary and sufficient conditions that a subset of nodes
guarantees load-wavelength assignability on general WDM networks. The
optimal placement of converters on a class of WDM networks of special
topologies are obtained. In the paper, "Allocation of Wavelength Con
verters in All-Optical Networks," Xiao and Leung discuss the problem
of allocating wavelength converters in all-optical networks to maximize
the performance. The authors describe three approaches to solve this
allocation problem and the simulation-based optimization approach is
shown to be widely applicable.
In the paper, "Lightpath Establishment in Wavelength-Routed WDM
Optical Networks," Jue discusses the various issues related to the con
trol and management of lightpaths in a wavelength-routed optical net-
vii
viii Foreword
work, and presents some of the routing, wavelength assignment, and
signaling protocols for establishing lightpaths in such a network. In the
paper, "Connection Management for Wavelength-Routed Optical WDM
Networks," Ramamurthy et al. study different connection management
methods in wavelength routed optical WDM networks. The authors
compare different implementation on connection management. Different
RWA algorithms were discussed and compared with.
In the paper, "Dynamic Traffic Scheduling for QoS Support in
WDM/TDM Networks with Arbitrary Tuning Latencies," Huang et al.
propose a dynamic scheduling algorithm under single-hop WDM/TDM
networks with QoS support and tuning latency consideration. Both CBR
traffic and ABR traffic are supported.
The paper, "Multifiber WDM Networks," by Li and Somani provides
an overview of the research work for multifiber WDM networks. Both
static network design approaches and dynamic routing and wavelength
assignment algorithms are reviewed and summarized.
Optical multistage interconnection network (MIN) is an important
interconnecting scheme for communication and parallel computing sys
tems. The paper by Pan et al., " Recent Developments in Optical Mul
tistage Networks," surveys the major challenges encountered and ap
proaches adopted in the research of optical MINs.
The paper, "Multicast Routing in WDM Optical Networks," by
Sreenath et al. discusses the multicast routing in various WDM net
works: broadcast-and-select networks, linear lightwave networks, and
wavelength routed networks.
The paper by Wang and Dixit, "Architecture and Analysis of Terabit
Packet Switches Using Optoelectronic Technologies," lists the recent ac
tivities on optical packet switches and presents several architectures of
a terabit-level packet switch using optoelectronic technologies.
We wish to thank all authors and all reviewers for their valuable ef
forts that made this book a reality. We hope this collection of articles
would serve as a useful reference in study of optical networks.
Lu Ruan
Ding-Zhu Du
OPTICAL NETWORKS - RECENT ADVANCES
L. Ruan and D.-Z. Du (Eds.) pp. 1 - 17
©2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers
On Dynamic Wavelength Assignment in WDM
Optical Networks
Murat Alanyali
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Bilkent University, Ankara, 06533 Turkey
E-mail: alanyali(Qee.bilkent.edu.tr
Contents
1 Introduction 1
2 Loss Networks 4
2.1 Networks without wavelength continuity constraint 5
2.2 Networks with wavelength continuity constraint . 6
3 Nonblocking Networks 13
4 Conclusion 14
References
1 Introd uction
Optical fiber has been used as the physical medium for high rate data trans
mission since late 1960s. Early applications of optical fiber communications
modulated data onto a single optical carrier frequency that is commonly re
ferred to as a wavelength. The carried data rate is therefore limited by the
speed of electronics that generate the signal, thereby grossly underutilizing
the tens of THz of useful bandwidth available on the fiber[l]. The Wave
length Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology now allows multiplexing
1
