Oliver Franks and the Truman Administration: Anglo-American Relations, 1948-1952 (Diplomats and Diplomacy Series)

314 Pages·2002·4.76 MB·English

by  Michael Hopkins

OLIVER FRANKS AND THE TRUMAN
ADMINISTRATION
CASS SERIES: DIPLOMATS AND DIPLOMACY
ISSN: 1478–7237
Series Editor: Peter Catterall and Erik Goldstein
This series aims to provide a primarily biographical approach to the study
of diplomacy and international relations in the twentieth century. How
have diplomats and foreign ministers tackled not only the traditional
business of managing relations between states, but also the rise of
multilteral negotiations, the proliferation of international organisations
and the increasing significance of economic diplomacy? This series seeks to
contribute to an understanding of how diplomacy and international
relations developed in the twentieth century.
Michael F.Hopkins, Oliver Franks and the Truman Administration: Anglo-
American Relations, 1948–1952
Maurice East and Justin Robertson (eds), Diplomacy in Developing
Countries: The Post-Cold War Foreign Ministry
Gerald J.Protheroe, Biography of Sir George Russell Clark: Nation-Building
and The Limitations of Personal Diplomacy
OLIVER FRANKS and the
TRUMAN
ADMINISTRATION
Anglo-American Relations 1948–
1952
Michael F.Hopkins
Liverpool Hope University College
FRANK CASS
LONDON (cid:127) PORTLAND, OR
First published in 2003 in Great Britain by
FRANK CASS PUBLISHERS
Crown House, 47 Chase Side
London N14 5BP
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
and in the United States of America by
FRANK CASS PUBLISHERS
c/o ISBS, 5824 N.E. Hassalo Street
Portland, Oregon, 97213–3644
Website: www.frankcass.com
Copyright © 2003 M.Hopkins
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Hopkins, Michael F. (Michael Francis), 1953-
Oliver Franks and the Truman administration:
Anglo-American relations, 1948–1952. — (Cass series.
Diplomats and diplomacy)
1. Franks, Oliver Shewell Franks, Baron, 1905—Career in diplomacy 2.
Ambassadors—Great Britain 3. Great Britain—Foreign relations—United States
4. United States—Foreign relations—1945–1964 6. United States—Foreign
relations 1945–1953
I. Title
327.4’1073’09044
ISBN 0-203-01048-5 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-7146-5303-9 (Print Edition) (cloth)
ISSN 1478-7237
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hopkins, Michael F. (Michael Francis), 1953-
Oliver Franks and the Truman administration: Anglo-American relations,
1948–1952/Michael F.Hopkins.
p. cm.— (Cass series-diplomats and diplomacy)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0–7146–5303–9
v
1. Franks, Oliver, Baron, 1905—Views on the United States. 2. Great
Britain-Foreign relations-United States. 3. United States-Foreign relations-Great
Britain. 4. United States-Foreign relations-1945–1953. 5. Great Britain-Foreign
relations-1945–1964. I. Title. II. Series.
DA585.F7 H67 2003 2003
327.41073’092-dc21
2002031499
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
or introduced into a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher of this book.
To my mother and to the memory of my father
Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Series Editor’s Preface x
Preface xii
Introduction xiv
List of Abbreviations xvii
PART I: THE AMBASSADOR, THE EMBASSY AND THE 1
ANGLO-AMERICAN RELATIONSHIP
1. Individuals and Institutions 2
2. Postwar Relations 27
3. New Ambassador 51
PART II: ESTABLISHING A REPUTATION 65
4. First Impressions 66
5. Cold War Allies 82
PART III: ACHIEVEMENTS 104
6. Dean Acheson 105
7. Devaluation of the Pound 120
8. Part of the European Queue or Special Partners? 141
9. The Korean War 161
PART IV: DIFFICULTIES 179
10. Anglo-American Tensions 180
11. A New Foreign Secretary 202
viii
PART V: THE RETURN OF THE CONSERVATIVES 231
12. Working with Churchill and Eden 232
Epilogue: End of a Mission 252
Conclusion 257
Bibliography 265
Index 281
Illustrations
Between pages 142 and 143
1. Franks at the White House, 13 January 1949.
2. Sir Gordon Munro of the British Embassy, Oliver Franks,
President Truman and Sir Stafford Cripps in the rose garden of
the White House, 2 October 1948.
3. Sir Stafford Cripps, Lady Cripps, Lady Franks and Oliver Franks
on the terrace of the British Embassy, 26 August 1948.
4. Ernest Bevin, the Foreign Secretary, on the podium at the
signing ceremony for the North Atlantic Treaty, 4 April 1949.
5. Franks presenting the UK’s instrument of ratification of the
North Atlantic Treaty to acting Secretary of State, James
E.Webb, 7 June 1949.
6. President Truman greets the arrival in Washington of Clement
Attlee, the Prime Minister, December 1950.
7. Prime Minister Clement Attlee speaking to the press,
Washington, December 1950.
8. British Commonwealth Ambassadors in Washington on visit to
USA of Princess Elizabeth, 1 November 1951.
9. President Truman greeting Winston Churchill, the Prime
Minister, on his arrival in Washington, January 1952.
10. British and American officials, 5 January 1952.