Nutritional Intake in India

366 Pages·2007·7.69 MB·English

Report No. 513(61/1.0/6)

NUTRITIONAL INTAKE IN INDIA
2004-2005

ST
NSS 61 Round
July 2004- June 2005

National Sample Survey Organisation
Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation
Government of India

May 2007
PREFACE

The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) conducts socio-economic surveys
covering various subjects on regular basis. Subjects are selected keeping in view their
importance. As part of the NSS 61st round during the period July 2004 – June 2005, the
Household Consumer Expenditure survey was conducted on large sample basis and this was the
seventh quinquennial survey on the subject. The survey covered all the States and UTs in the
country. The data were collected from a sample of 79298 rural and 45346 urban households
spread over 7999 villages and 4602 urban blocks respectively.
This report is one of a series of seven reports to be brought out on the basis of the data
collected through the survey. It presents the information on nutritional intake by the Indian
population. Among the different nutrients only three nutrients – viz. calorie, protein and fat – are
discussed in this report. This report gives an idea about intake of these nutrients in different
monthly per capita expenditure classes from different items of food. This report also presents
information on whether meals were taken at home or not, and if not, whether the meals were
taken from school, balwadi, employer or consumed by purchasing while away from home.
Estimates are presented at the level of State / UT, separately for rural and urban sectors.

Chapter One of the report serves as the introduction. Chapter Two presents Sample
Design and Estimation Procedure. Chapter Three gives the concepts and definitions used in the
survey. The main findings of the survey are given in Chapter Four. Detailed tables at the
State/UT and all-India level are given in Appendix A. A facsimile of the schedule used for data
collection is given as Appendix B.
Development of sampling design and survey instruments, and preparation of the report,
were undertaken by the Survey Design and Research Division of the NSSO. The field work was
handled by the Field Operations Division. Data processing and table generation was done by the
Data Processing Division. The Coordination and Publication Division was responsible for
overall coordination of all activities of NSSO, including the data dissemination and release of the
reports. The Chairman and Members of the then Governing Council of NSSO, along with the
Chairman and Members of the Working Group set up for this round, provided the technical
directions and guidance at every stage of the survey. I am grateful to all of them.
I hope, the report will be useful to planners, policy makers and researchers. Comments
and suggestions are most welcome.

New Delhi P. K. Ray
May 2007 Director General & Chief Executive Officer
National Sample Survey Organisation
61st round NSS consumer expenditure survey

Contents

Sections Page
Highlights i - iv
Chapter One: Introduction 1 - 2
Chapter Two: Sample Design and Estimation Procedure 3 - 11
Chapter Three: Concepts and Definitions 12- 22
Chapter Four: Survey Findings 23- 54
Appendix-A
Table 1R: Average number of meals consumed per household at home A1 – A18
and obtained elsewhere on payment or free from specific
sources (as perquisite, from school, etc.) during a period of 30
days for each MPCE class in the rural area
Table 1U: Average number of meals consumed per household at home A19 – A36
and obtained elsewhere on payment or free from specific
sources (as perquisite, from school, etc.) during a period of 30
days for each MPCE class in the urban area
Table 2R: Average no. of meals consumed per person at home and A37 – A54
obtained elsewhere on payment or free from specific sources
(as perquisite, from school, etc.) during a period of 30 days by
age and sex rural area
Table 2U: Average no. of meals consumed per person at home and A55 – A72
obtained elsewhere on payment or free from specific sources
(as perquisite, from school, etc.) during a period of 30 days by
age and sex urban area
Table 3R: Per capita and per consumer unit intake of calorie, protein and A73 – A90
fat per day by MPCE class in rural area
Table 3U: Per capita and per consumer unit intake of calorie, protein and A91 – A108
fat per day by MPCE class in urban area
Table 4R: Percentage of total intake of calorie and protein derived from A109 – A126
different groups of food items by households in each MPCE
class in rural area
Table 4U: Percentage of total intake of calorie and protein derived from A127 – A144
different groups of food items by households in each MPCE
class in urban area
Table 5R: Percentage break-up of calorie intake over different food A145 – A156
groups, and average intake of calorie, protein and fat per
consumer unit per day, separately for households in different
ranges of calorie intake (per consumer unit per day) in rural
area
NSS Report No.513: Nutritional intake in India, 2004-2005
61st round NSS consumer expenditure survey

Sections Page
Table 5U: Percentage break-up of calorie intake over different food A157 – A168
groups, and average intake of calorie, protein and fat per
consumer unit per day, separately for households in different
ranges of calorie intake (per consumer unit per day) in urban
area
Table 6R: Per 1000 break-up of households by level of calorie intake as A181 – A198
expressed percentage of norm level of calorie intake (2700 K
cal.) (per consumer unit) for each MPCE class in rural area
Table 6U: Per 1000 break-up of households by level of calorie intake as A199 – A216
expressed percentage of norm level of calorie intake (2700 K
cal.) (per consumer unit) for each MPCE class in urban area
Table 7R: Per 1000 break-up of persons by level of household calorie A217 – A234
intake as expressed percentage of norm level calorie intake
(2700 K cal.) (per consumer unit) for each MPCE class in
rural area
Table 7U: Per 1000 break-up of persons by level of household calorie A235 – A252
intake as expressed percentage of norm level calorie intake
(2700 K cal.) (per consumer unit) for each MPCE class in
urban area
Table 8R: Per 1000 break-up of households by adjusted level of calorie A253 – A270
intake as expressed percentage of norm level calorie intake
(2700 K cal.) per consumer unit per day by reported calorie
intake level per consumer unit per day in rural area
Table 8U: Per 1000 break-up of households by adjusted level of calorie A271 – A288
intake as expressed percentage of norm level calorie intake
(2700 K cal.) per consumer unit per day by reported calorie
intake level per consumer unit per day in urban area
Appendix B
Schedule of Enquiry 1-19

NSS Report No.513: Nutritional intake in India, 2004-2005
61st round NSS consumer expenditure survey

Highlights

Results at a glance…

(cid:153) Focus of this report is mainly on nutritional intakes of the Indian households as
reflected in the reported consumption of food in the seventh quinquennial
consumer expenditure survey of the NSSO during the 61st round covering the
period from June 2004 to July 2005.

(cid:153) The consumer expenditure survey shows that the percentage share of food
expenditure in total expenditure by Indian population was 55.0% in the rural areas
and 42.5% in the urban areas. Relative to the comparable survey results for 1993-
94, the share of food expenditure has dropped by 8.2 and 12.2 percentage points
in rural and urban areas respectively.

(cid:153) At all India level the number of meals eaten at home by household members had
decreased by 0.57% in the rural areas between 1993-94 and 2004-05. In urban
India popularity of home kitchen had declined by 1.66% over last ten years.

(cid:153) Average daily intake of calories by rural population has dropped by 106 kcal (4.9
percent) from 2153 kcal to 2047 Kcal from 1993-94 to 2004-05 and by 51 Kcal
(2.5 percent) from 2071 to 2020 Kcal in the urban area.

(cid:153) Population reporting a calorie intake level of “less than 100%” of the norm of
2700 kcal, formed 66 percent of the total in rural areas and 70 percent of the total
in urban areas.

(cid:153) Average daily intake of protein by the Indian population has decrease from 60.2
to 57 grams in the rural area between 1993-94 and 2004-05 and remain stable
around 57 grams in the urban area during the same period.

(cid:153) A significant rise in per capita daily average intake of fat is observed during the
decades (1993-94 to2004-05) in both rural and urban areas. It has increased from
31.4 gms. to 35.5 gms. (13.1 percent) in rural areas and from 42 gms. to 47.5 gms.
(13 percent) in urban areas.
i NSS Report No.513: Nutritional intake in India, 2004-2005
61st round NSS consumer expenditure survey

Tables at glance…

Average no. of meals consumed per person at home and obtained elsewhere on payment
or free during a period of 30 days by sex
average no. of meals consumed per person
all estimated
Sectors at home away from home
no. of persons (00)
free on payment
M F M F M F M F M F
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
RURAL 71.09 71.42 2.41 2.28 0.30 0.06 73.80 73.76 3753027 3578028
URBAN 67.24 68.52 1.81 1.78 1.29 0.23 70.33 70.53 1301827 1183224

Percentage of expenditure by Indian household and Per capita intake of
calorie, protein and fat per day by average Indian
Sectors % expenditure % expenditure per capita per day intake of
on food on cereals calorie (Kcal) protein ([0.0] gm) fat([0.0] gm)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
RURAL 55.0 18.0 2047 57.0 35.5
URBAN 42.5 10.1 2020 57.0 47.5

Percentage of total intake of calorie and protein derived from different groups
of food items by Indian Household.
% of intake of % of total intake of protein from
calorie from
Sectors
cereals other cereals pulses milk & milk egg, fish Other food
food products & meat
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
RURAL 67.54 32.31 66.37 9.47 9.28 3.98 10.84
URBAN 56.08 43.80 56.16 11.00 12.33 5.47 14.98

Percentage break-up of calorie intake over different food groups, per consumer
unit per day.
% calorie from food group1
Sector no. of consu-mer units per Household
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
RURAL 3.93 67.54 2.95 4.78 4.98 2.23 0.76 6.42 7.36 2.98
URBAN 3.56 56.08 2.82 5.69 6.68 3.17 1.05 8.61 10.58 5.32

1 Food groups: I-Cereal , II- Roots& fibre , III- Sugar and honey, IV- pulses, nuts &
oilseed, V-veg & fruits, VI-Meat, egg & fish, VII-Milk and milk product, VIII- Oils &
fats, IX- Misc. food & prod.

ii NSS Report No.513: Nutritional intake in India, 2004-2005
61st round NSS consumer expenditure survey

Charts at a glance….

Per capita intake of calorie, protein and fat per day by average Indian

Per-capita intake of Nutrients -Rural

al) 22500000 1995 2067 2049 1942 1923 2226 1961 1845 2014 1929 1933 2023 2240 2180 1842 2200 2070
c
K
1500
(
e
i 1000
r
o
l 500
a
C
0
P M R G J R R K L P H I N J N P B
State AN AS BH CH GU HA JH KT KR MA MA OR PU RA TM UT WE
National average(2047 Kcal)
80
69.6 69.6
70 66.7 65.9
5600 49.8 52.7 57.8 47.4 53.3 55.4 51.2 48.8 55.4 58.8 55.7 48.3 58.7 50.9 44.9 52
am 40 33.5 50.9 33.9 40.8 35.1 41.5 37.5
gr 30 26.7 28.4 29.6 26.5
22.8
20 19.9 17.8
10
0
P M R G J R R K L P H I N J N P B
States AN AS BH CH GU HA JH KT KR MA MA OR PU RA TM UT WE
Protein fat national average(protein 57.0 gm.) national average (fat 35.5 gm.)
Per capita intake of Nutrient-Urban
3000
2458
2500
al) 2000 2000 2143 2190 2087 1991 2033 1944 1996 1954 1847 2139 2150 2116 1935 2124 2011
c
K
e( 1500
ri
o
al 1000
C
500
0
P M R G J R R K L P H I N J N P B
States AN AS BH CH GU HA JH KT KR MA MA OR PU RA TM UT WE
national average(2020 Kcal.)
80
69.5
6700 50.9 55.9 62.2 53.9 57.633.5 60.554.4 53.8 52.2 56.7 58.2 52.510.1 55.2 63.461 6456.4 49.2 65.1 55.1
ms. 50 43.2 36.8 40.4 37.2 43.3 44.9 43.4 41.1 46.1 39.1
a 40
n gr 30 28.3
i 20
10
0
P M R G J R R K L P H I N J N P B
AN AS BH CH GU HA JH KT KR MA MA OR PU RA TM UT WE
Protein Fat National average(PrSottaetiens 57.0 gm) National average(fat 47.5 gm.)
iii NSS Report No.513: Nutritional intake in India, 2004-2005
61st round NSS consumer expenditure survey

Percentage of total intake of calorie and protein derived from different groups of food items

RURAL URBAN

3 2.31

43.8

56.08

67.54

% of intake of calorie from cereals
% of intake of calorie from cereals
% of intake of calorie from other food
% of intake of calorie from other food

URBAN
RURAL
Percentage of Protein intake from Percentage of Protein intake from
10.84
3.98
14.98
9.28
5.47
12.33 56.16
9.47
11
66.37
cereals pulses
cereals pulses
milk & milk products egg, fish & meat
milk & milk products egg, fish & meat
other food
other food
iv NSS Report No.513: Nutritional intake in India, 2004-2005
61st round NSS consumer expenditure survey

Changes in average per capita intake of calorie, protein and fat per diem over NSS rounds.
Per capita per diem intake of
Calorie (Kcal) Protein (gm) Fat (gm)
Sector according to according to according to
27th 38th 50th 55th 61st 27th 38th 50th 55th 61st 27th 38th 50th 55th 61st
(1972- (1993- (1999- (2004-(1972- (1993- (1999- (2004-(1972- (1993- (1999- (2004-
(1983) (1983) (1983)
1973) 1994) 2000) 2005) 1973) 1994) 2000) 2005) 1973) 1994) 2000) 2005)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16)
Rural 2266 2221 2153 2149 2047 62.0 62.0 60.2 59.1 57.0 24.0 27.0 31.4 36.1 35.5
Urban 2107 2089 2071 2156 2020 56.0 57.0 57.2 58.5 57.0 36.0 37.0 42.0 49.6 47.5

Per capita per diem intake of Calorie (in Kcal)
2300
2250
2200
2150
l 2100
a
c
K 2050
2000
1950
1900
1850
27th round 38th round 50th round 55th round 61st round
RURAL URBAN
Per capita per diem intake of Protein and Fat (in gram)
70
60
50
40
s
m
a
r
g 30
20
10
0
27th round 38th round 50th round 55th round 61st round
Protein Fat
RURAL URBAN RURAL URBAN
v NSS Report No.513: Nutritional intake in India, 2004-2005
61st round NSS consumer expenditure survey

NUTRITIONAL INTAKE IN INDIA
2004-2005

Survey Findings
NSS Report No.513: Nutritional intake in India, 2004-2005