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b2530 International Strategic Relations and China’s National Security: World at the Crossroads
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Published by
World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224
USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601
UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Cover photo by Emilie Ceriez
Series on Knots and Everything — Vol. 60
NEW HORIZONS FOR SECOND-ORDER CYBERNETICS
Copyright © 2018 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system
now known or to be invented, without written permission from the publisher.
For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance
Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not
required from the publisher.
ISBN 978-981-3226-25-8
Printed in Singapore
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Dedicated to
Ranulph Glanville (1946–2014)
for his enormous efforts in promoting second-order cybernetics
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b2530 International Strategic Relations and China’s National Security: World at the Crossroads
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Contents
Prologue
Louis H. Kauffman & Stuart A. Umpleby
A Brief History of (Second-Order) Cybernetics ………………………………………………… 3
Karl H. Müller & Alexander Riegler
Mapping the Varieties of Second-Order Cybernetics …………………………………………… 7
Part I: Exploring Second-Order Cybernetics and its Fivefold Agenda
Stuart A. Umpleby
Second-Order Cybernetics as a Fundamental Revolution in Science ……………………… 29
Allenna Leonard
Obstacles and Opportunities in the Future of Second-Order Cybernetics
and Other Compatible Methods ………………………………………………………………47
Gastón Becerra
Connecting Second-Order Cybernetics’ Revolution with Genetic Epistemology ……………………50
Michael R. Lissack
Shed the Name to Find Second-Order Success:
Renaming Second-Order Cybernetics to Rescue its Essence ……………………………………53
Peter A. Cariani
Beware False Dichotomies …………………………………………………………………59
Thomas R. Flanagan
Second-Order Cybernetics Needs a Unifying Methodology ………………………………………62
T. Grandon Gill
Viva the Fundamental Revolution! Confessions of a Case Writer ………………………………67
Stuart A. Umpleby
Author’s Response: Struggling to Define an Identity for Second-Order Cybernetics ………………72
Louis H. Kauffman
Cybernetics, Reflexivity and Second-Order Science …………………………………………85
vii
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viii
Tatjana Schönwälder-Kuntze
Remarks from a Continental Philosophy Point of View …………………………………………99
Michael R. Lissack
Finally Understanding Eigenforms ………………………………………………………… 102
Arthur M. Collings
Eigenforms, Coherence, and the Imaginal ………………………………………………… 105
Kathleen Forsythe
Conserving the Disposition for Wonder …………………………………………………… 109
Louis H. Kauffman
Author’s Response: Distinction, Eigenform and the Epistemology of the Imagination …………… 113
Bernard Scott
Cybernetic Foundations for Psychology ………………………………………………… 119
Vincent Kenny
Wielding the Cybernetic Scythe in the Blunting Undergrowth of Psychological Confusion ……… 133
Marcelo Arnold-Cathalifaud & Daniela Thumala-Dockendorff
To What Extent Can Second-Order Cybernetics Be a Foundation for Psychology? ……………… 138
Robert J. Martin
The Importance – and the Difficulty – of Moving Beyond Linear Causality …………………… 140
Philip Baron
Obstacles to Cybernetics Becoming a Conceptual Framework
and Metanarrative in the Psychologies …………………………………………………… 145
Eva Buchinger
The Social and the Psychological: Conceptual Cybernetic Unification vs Disciplinary Analysis? … 150
Tilia Stingl de Vasconcelos Guedes
Second Thoughts on Cybernetic Unifications ……………………………………………… 152
Lea Šugman Bohinc
Cybernetics and Synergetics as Foundations for Complex Approach Towards Complexities of Life 155
Bernard Scott
Author’s Response: On Becoming and Being a Cybernetician ………………………………… 158
Diana Gasparyan
Consciousness as Self-Description in Differences ………………………………………… 171
Yochai Ataria
On the Too Often Overlooked Complexity of the Tension between Subject and Object …………… 189
Urban Kordeš
Where Is Consciousness? ………………………………………………………………… 193
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ix
Konstantin Pavlov-Pinus
Theorizing Agents: Their Games, Hermeneutical Tools and Epistemic Resources ……………… 197
Bryony Pierce
How Can Meaning be Grounded within a Closed Self-Referential System? …………………… 201
John Pickering
Self-Description Alone Will not Account for Qualia ………………………………………… 205
Sergei Levin
Consciousness as Self-Description and the Inescapability of Reduction ……………………… 208
Adriana Schetz
The Non-Relationality of Consciousness …………………………………………………… 211
Diana Gasparyan
Author’s Response: Phenomenology of the System:
Intentionality, Differences, Understanding, and the Unity of Consciousness …………………… 214
Ben Sweeting
Design Research as a Variety of Second-Order Cybernetic Practice ……………………… 227
Tom Scholte
Design Cycles: Conversing with Lawrence Halprin ………………………………………… 239
David Griffiths
Understanding Design from a Second-Order Cybernetics Perspective:
Is There a Place for Material Agency? ……………………………………………………… 242
Christiane M. Herr
What Can Cybernetics Learn from Design? ………………………………………………… 246
Michael Hohl
Rigor in Research, Honesty and Values …………………………………………………… 249
Mateus de Sousa van Stralen
Digital Design Research and Second-Order Cybernetics …………………………………… 251
Jose dos Santos Cabral Filho
Cybernetics Is the Answer, but What Was the Conversation About? …………………………… 253
Andrea Jelic´
(Architectural) Design Research in the Age of Neuroscience:
The Value of the Second-Order Cybernetic Practice Perspective ……………………………… 255
Ben Sweeting
Author’s Response: Beyond Application …………………………………………………… 258
Tom Scholte
“Black Box” Theatre:
Second-Order Cybernetics and Naturalism in Rehearsal and Performance ………………… 271
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x
Bruce Clarke & Dorothy Chansky
Audience and Autopoiesis ………………………………………………………………… 292
Bernd Porr
“Truthful” Acting Emerges Through Forward Model Development …………………………… 295
Edgar Landgraf
Naturalism in Improvisation and Embodiment ……………………………………………… 297
Lowell F. Christy Jr.
Opening the Black Box of Minds: Theatre as a Laboratory of System Unknowns ……………… 301
Albert Müller
Does Second-Order Cybernetics Provide a Framework for Theatre Studies? …………………… 305
Ben Sweeting
A Theatre for Exploring the Cybernetic …………………………………………………… 307
Laurence D. Richards
The Many Varieties of Experimentation in Second-Order Cybernetics: Art, Science, Craft ……… 309
Tom Scholte
Author’s Response: “Playing With Dynamics”:
Procedures and Possibilities for a Theatre of Cybernetics …………………………………… 312
Part II: Reflecting on the Perspectives
for a Fivefold Agenda of Second-Order Cybernetics
Michèle Friend
Remarks of a Philosopher of Mathematics and Science ……………………………………… 327
Ronald R. Kline
The Past and the Future of Second-Order Cybernetics ……………………………………… 333
Robert J. Martin
Embracing Realists Without Embracing Realism: The Future of Second-Order Cybernetics ……… 339
Anthony Hodgson
Some Implications of Second-Order Cybernetics …………………………………………… 349
Larry Richards
New Directions in Second-Order Cybernetics ……………………………………………… 359
Epilogue
Karl H. Müller, Stuart A. Umpleby & Alexander Riegler
Possible Futures for Cybernetics ………………………………………………………… 375
Author Biographies ……………………………………………………………………… 381
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