Neurobiology and Cell Physiology of Chemoreception

422 Pages·1993·18.974 MB·English

by  J. A. Clarke, M. Burgh de Daly, H. W. Ead (auth.), P. G. Data, H. Acker, S. Lahiri (eds.)

NEUROBIOLOGY AND CELL
PHYSIOLOGY OF
CHEMORECEPTION
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Editorial Board:
NATHAN BACK. State University of New York at Buffalo
IRUN R. COHEN. The Weizmann Institute of Science
DAVID KRITCHEVSKY. Wistar Institute
ABEL LAJTHA. N. S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research
RODOLFO PAOLEm. University of Milan
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NEUROBIOLOGY AND CELL
PHYSIOLOGY OF
CHEMORECEPTION
Edited by
P. G. Data
Universita degli Studi "G. D' Annunzio"
Chieti, Ital y
H. Acker
Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie
Dortmund, Germany
and
s.
Lahiri
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U. S. A.
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Llbrary of Congress Ca~aloglng-ln-Publlca~ion Da~a
Neurobiology and cell physiology of chemoreception I edited by P.G.
Data, H. Acker, and S. Lahiri.
p. cm. -- (Advances in experimental medicine and biology v.
337>
"Proceedings of an International Symposium on Arterial
Chemoreception, held June 24-28, 1991, in Chieti, Italy"--Copr. p.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4613-6290-6 ISBN 978-1-4615-2966-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-2966-8
1. Carotid body--Congresses. 2. Chemoreceptors--Congresses.
I. Data, Pier Georgio. 11. Acker, H. (Helmut>, 1939-
111. Lahiri, Sukhamay. IV. International Symposium on Arterial
Chemoreception (1991 Chieti, Italyl V. Series.
OP368.8.N48 1993
612.4'92--dc20 93-29402
CIP
Proceedings of an International Symposium on Arterial Chemoreception, held June 24-28, 1991, in
Chieti, Italy
ISBN 978-1-4613-6290-6
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New Y ork
Originally pub1ished by Plenum Press, New Y ork in 1993
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1993
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written
permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
This volume records the papers presented in Chieti, Italy, at the 1991 meeting
of the International Society for Arterial Chemoreception (ISAC). This was the
eleventh of a series of assemblies held since 1959. This field of research, which
examines the critical function and mechanisms of O and pHIPC0 sensitive cells in
2 2
the body, is unique in that it encompasses diverse biological and medical areas. The
reader of this book will note chapters concerning modem techniques like in situ
hybridization; analysis of cell membrane channels and intracellular ion movements;
immunohistochemistry of peptides, hormones, and the corresponding receptors of
chemoreceptor cells; and systemic analysis of reflex pathways involving
chemoreceptor cells and their meaning in health and disease. This broad spectrum
will appeal to readers interested in the chemoreceptor field, as well as young
scientists seeking a scientific field where not only structural analysis but also a sense
for functional connections is required.
In recognition of the importance of the contribution of a new scientific
generation to this field, ISAC awarded the prestigious F. de Castro-C. Heymans
E. Neil prize to A. G6rlach, a young scientist. Also at this meeting, the
Ferdinando Data Foundation Award, for helping scientists from non-developed
countries to pursue their interest in chemoreception, was initiated.
ISAC held plenary lectures in honor of C. Eyzaguirre and R. Forster, both of
whom have contributed greatly to research in the chemoreceptor field.
We are grateful for the generous financial support offered by the University
of Chieti, C.N.R. (the National Council of Research), the Abruzzo Regional
Government, and the Ministry of University and Scientific and Technological
Research (Italy).
The skillful assistance of Plenum Press, the Publisher of the papers presented,
is appreciated. Grateful thanks go to the staff of the Physiological Institute of Chieti
University (Italy) for the most taxing of duties, preparation of the manuscripts and
assistance in editing this book.
We hope that this volume will meet with good reception from the growing
number of scientists who are interested in the fascinating field of chemoreception and
chemoreceptor reflex mechanisms.
The Editors
v
CONTENTS
SECTION I
Morphology, Cyto- and Immunochemistry
1 Vascular Analysis of the Carotid Body in the Spontaneously
Hypertensive Rat ................................... 3
I.A. Clarke, M. de Burgh Daly and H.W. Ead
2 Role of the Carotid Sinus Nerve and of Dopamine in the Biochemical
Response of Sympathetic Tissues to Long-Term Hypoxia ....... 9
Y. Dalmaz, 1.M. Pequignot, 1.M. Cottet-Emard, A. Vouillarmet
and L. Peyrin
3 The Effects of Almitrine on eH]5HT and [1251] Endothelin Binding to
Central and Peripheral Receptors: An In Vitro Autoradiographic
Study in the Cat .................................. 17
M.R. Dashwood, D.S. McQueen, R.M. Sykes, I.R. Muddle,
M. de Burgh Daly, Y. Evrard and K.M. Spyer
4 Immunocytochemical and Neurochemical Aspects of Sympathetic
Ganglion Chemosensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25
B. Dinger, Z.-Z. Wang, 1. Chen, W.-I. Wang, G. Hanson,
L.J. Stensaas and S.J. Fidone
5 Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Markers in the Human Carotid Body
in Health and Disease .............................. 31
1.-0. Habeck and W. Kummer
6 The Effects of Chronic Hypoxaemia upon the Structure of the
Human Carotid Body ............................... 37
1.-0. Habeck, D.J. Pallot and A. Abramovici
7 Dopaminergic and Peptidergic Sensory Innervation of the Rat
Carotid Body: Organization and Development ............. 43
D.M. Katz, I.C.W. Finley and 1. Polak
8 Effects of Cell-Free Perfusion and Almitrine Bismesylate on the
Ultrastructure of Type-l Cell Mitochondria in the Cat
Carotid Body .................................... 51
M. Kennedy, S. Giles, R.G. O'Regan, S. Feely and Y. Evrard
9 Multi-Unit Compartmentation of the Carotid Body Chemoreceptor by
Perineurial Cell Sheaths: Immunohistochemistry and
Freeze-Fracture Study .............................. 61
H. Kondo and M. Yamamoto
10 Light and Electronmicroscopical Immunohistochemical Investigation
of the Innervation of the Human Carotid Body .. . . . . . . . . . .. 67
W. Kummer and 1.-0. Habeck
vii
11 Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) Expression in Pulmonary
Neuro-Endocrine Cells (NE) and a Netumor Cell Line . . . . . . .. 73
C. Newman, D. Wang and E. Cutz
12 Effects of Hypoxia on Cultured Chemoreceptors of the Rat Carotid
Body: DNA Synthesis and Mitotic Activity in Glomus Cells ... 79
C.A. Nurse and C. Vollmer
13 Localization of Dopamine D2 Receptor mRNA in the Rabbit Carotid
Body and Petrosal Ganglion by in situ Hybridization . . . . . . . .. 85
A. Schamel and A. Vema
14 Noradrenergic Glomus Cells in the Carotid Body: An Autoradiographic
and Immunocytochemical Study in the Rabbit and Rat. . . . . . .. 93
A. Vema, A. Schamel and J.-M. Pequignot
n
SECTION
Molecular Biology, Biophysics and Biochemistry
15 The Modulation of Intracellular pH in Carotid Body Glomus Cells
by Extracellular pH and pC02 ...•..................• 103
KJ. Buckler, R.D. Vaughan-Jones, C. Peers,
D. Lagadic-Gossman and P.C.G. Nye
16 Evidence for Glucose Uptake in the Rabbit Carotid Body. . . . . . . . . .. 111
M.A. Delpiano
17 Effects of Inorganic Calcium Channel Blockers on Carotid
Chemosensory Responses in the Cat ................... 117
C. Di Giulio, A. Mokashi, W.-X. Huang, L. Morelli and P.G. Data
18 Those Strange Glomus Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 123
C. Eyzaguirre
19 Carotid Body Neurotransmission ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 131
R.S. Fitzgerald and M. Shirahata
20 Carbonic Anhydrase and the Carotid Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 137
R.E. Forster II
21 Ca2+ Dynamics in Chemoreceptor Cells: An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . .. 149
C. Gonzalez, J.R. L6pez-L6pez, A. Obeso, A. Rocher
and J. Garcia-Sancho
22 Spectrophotometric Analysis of Heme Proteins in Oxygen
Sensing Cell Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 157
A. Gorlach, B. Bolling, E. Dufau, G. Holtermann and H. Acker
viii
23 Neurochemical and Molecular Biological Aspects on the Resetting
of the Arterial Chemoreceptors in the Newborn Rat. . . . . . . .. 165
H. Holgert, T. Hertzberg, A. Dagerlind, T. Hokfelt
and H. Lagercrantz
24 Carbonic Anhydrase and Carotid Body Chemoreception in the
Presence and Absence of CO2-HC03- ................. _ 171
R lturriaga and S. Lahiri
25 Role of Ion-Exchangers in the Cat Carotid Body Chemotransduction . " 177
S. Lahiri and R. Iturriaga
26 Dopamine Metabolism in the Rabbit Carotid Body in vitro:
Effect of Hypoxia and Hypercapnia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 183
L.-M. Leitner
27 P02-Dependence of Phospholipase C in the Cat Carotid Body ....... 191
M. Pokorski and R Strosznajder
28 Optical Measurements of Micro-Vascular Oxygen Pressure and
Intracellular pH in the Cat Carotid Body: Testing
Hypotheses of Oxygen Chemoreception. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 197
W.L. Rumsey, R. Iturriaga, D. Spergel, S. Lahiri and
D.F. Wilson
29 Elevation of Cytosolic Calcium Induced by pH Changes in
Cultured Carotid Body Glomus Cells ................. " 205
M. Sato, K. Y oshizaki and H. Koyano
30 Role of Carbon Dioxide for Hypoxic Chemotransduction of the
Cat Carotid Body ................................ 213
M. Shirahata and RS. Fitzgerald
31 Metabolic Substrate Dependence of Carotid Chemosensory
Responses to Stop-Flow Evoked Hypoxia and to Nicotine .... 221
D. Spergel
32 Effects of Chemosensory Stimulation Membrane Currents Recorded
with the Perforated-Patch Method from Cultured Rat
Glomus Cells ................................... 227
A. Stea, S.A. Alexander and C.A. Nurse
33 Carbonic Anhydrase Near Central Chemoreceptors ............... 235
R.W. Torrance
34 Update on the Bicarbonate Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 241
RW. Torrance, E.M. Bartels and A.J. McLaren
35 Regulation of Intracellular pH in Type I Cells of the
Neonatal Rat Carotid Body. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 251
R.D. Vaughan-Jones, KJ. Buckler, C. Peers and P.C.G. Nye
ix
SECTION III
Neurotransmitter
36 Noradrenergic Inhibition of the Goat Carotid Body ............... 259
G. Bisgard, M. Warner, J. Pizarro, W. Niu and G. Mitchell
37 Role of Substance P in Rat Carotid Body Responses to
Hypoxia and Capsaicin ............................ 265
P.A. Cragg, Y.R. Kou and N.R. Prabhakar
38 Carotid Sinus Nerve Inhibition Mediated by Atrial
Natriuretic Peptide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 271
SJ. Fidone, Z.-Z. Wang, J. Chen, L. He, W.-J. Wang,
B. Dinger and L.J. Stensaas
39 Neurotransmitters and Second Messenger Systems in the
Carotid Body ................................... 279
M.T. Perez-Garcia, A. Gomez-Nino, L. Almaraz and C. Gonzalez
40 Does Adenosine Stimulate Rat Carotid Body Chemoreceptors? 289
D.S. McQueen
41 Effects of Haloperidol on Cat Carotid Body Chemoreception
in Vitro ....................................... 295
L. Morelli, R. lturriaga, D. Spergel and P.G. Data
42 Effect of Arterial Chemoreceptor Stimulation: Role of
Norepinephrine in Hypoxic Chemotransmission ........... 301
N.R. Prabhakar, Y.-R. Kou, P.A. Cragg and N.S. Chemiack
SECTION IV
Reflex Mechanism
43 Carotid Body Denervation and Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
in the Rat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 309
D. Bee and D. Pallot
44 Effects of Chemoreceptor Stimulation by Almitrine Bismesylate
on Renal Function in Conscious Rats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 315
R. Behm, U. Franz, W.H. de Muinck Keizer, H. Mewes,
R. Rettig and T. Unger
45 Carbon Dioxide-Sensitive Laryngeal Receptors and their
Reflex Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 323
A.J. Bradford, R.G. O'Regan, P. Nolan and D. McKeogh
46 Ventilatory Response at the Onset of Exercise: An Update
of the Neurohumoral Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 327
P. Cerretelli, L. Xi, F. Schena, C. Marconi, B. Grassi,
G. Ferretti and M. Meyer
x
47 Carotid Chemoreceptor Reflex Cardioinhibitory Responses:
Comparison of their Modulation by Central Inspiratory
Neuronal Activity and Activity of Pulmonary
Stretch Afferents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 333
M. de Burgh Daly
48 The Modulation of Peripheral Chemoreceptor Input by Central
Nervous System Hypoxia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 345
N.H. Edelman, J.E. Melton and J.A. Neubauer
49 Chemoreflexogenic Ventilatory Drive in Humans Adapted to
Unusual Environments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 353
B. Grassi, G. Ferretti, M. Costa, C. Marconi and P. Cerretelli
50 Respiratory and Cardiovascular Activities in Carotid Body
Resected Humans ................................ 359
Y. Honda and M. Tanaka
51 Effects of Oxygen Tests on the Ventilatory Resposes of the Cat
and Rhesus Monkey to Changes in Arterial Potassium . . . . . .. 365
D.J. Paterson and P.C.G. Nye
52 Thermal Effects Upon the Chemosensory Drive of Ventilation 371
P. Zapata, C. Larrain, R. Fadic, B. Ramirez and H. Loyola
SECTION V
Developmental and Adaptative Physiology and Pharmacology
53 Carotid Chemosensory Response to Doxapram in the Newborn Kitten .. 381
A. Bairam, F. Marchal, B. Hannhart, J.-P. Crance and S. Lahiri
54 Carotid Chemoreceptor Responses to Hypoxia and Hypercapnia
in Developing Kittens ............................. 387
J.L. Carroll and R.S. Fitzgerald
55 Presence of Chemosensitive SIF Cells in the Rat Sympathetic
Ganglia: A Biochemical, Immunocytochemical and
Pharmacological Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 393
Y. Dalmaz, N. Borghini, J.M. Pequignot and L. Peyrin
56 Effects of Chronic Hypoxia and Cobalt on Macroprotein Pattern in
the Rabbit Carotid Body and Superior Cervical Ganglion:
Preliminary Observations ........................... 401
P.G. Data, G. Di Tano, G. Gigante, V. Biondelli, M. Iezzi,
C. Di Giulio and L. Morelli
57 Time Course of the Response of Carotid Chemoreceptors to Sudden
Rise of Inspired CO in the Newborn Kitten. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 407
2
B. Hannhart, A. Bairam and F. Marchal
xi