Networking with Microsoft TCP/IP, certified administrator's resource edition

670 Pages·1997·19.11 MB·English

by  Drew Heywood

i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
N
ETWORKING WITH
MICROSOFT
TCP/IP
C A ’
ERTIFIED DMINISTRATOR S
R E
ESOURCE DITION
Drew hEywood
rob scrimger
New Riders Publishing, Indianapolis, Indiana
ii
Networking with Microsoft TCP/IP, Certified Administrator’s Resource Edition
Networking with Microsoft TCP/IP,
Certified Administrator’s Resource Edition
By Drew Heywood and Rob Scrimger Product Development Specialist
and Acquisitions Editor
Published by:
Sean Angus
New Riders Publishing
Development Editor
201 West 103rd Street
Ami Frank
Indianapolis, IN 46290 USA
Project Editor
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or Suzanne Snyder
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, Copy Editors
including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and Jennifer Clark
retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher, Keith Cline, Karen Walsh
except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Technical Editor
Glenn Berg
© 1997 by New Riders Publishing
Coordinator of Editorial Resources
Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Suzanne Snyder
Software Product Developer
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Steve Flatt
***CIP data available upon request*** Software Acquisitions and Development
Dustin Sullivan
ISBN: 1-56205-791-X Assistant Marketing Manager
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Acquisitions Coordinator
Warning and Disclaimer
Amy Lewis
Manufacturing Coordinator
This book is designed to provide information about TCP/IP. Every
Brook Farling
effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate
as possible, but no warranty of fitness is implied. Cover Designer
Dan Armstrong
The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The authors and New Cover Production
Riders Publishing shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any Nathan Clement
person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the
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information contained in this book or from the use of the discs or Glenn Larsen
programs that may accompany it.
Director of Production
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Production Team Supervisor
Publishing Manager Laurie Petrycki
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Marketing Manager Kourtnaye Sturgeon Graphics Image Specialists
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Production Team
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Hunt, Kristy Nash, Elizabeth San
Miguel, Scott Tullis
Indexer
Tim Wright
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
About the Authors
Drew Heywood, author of the the first and inventory systems and work with a Wang
second editions of this book, first became OIS system, and a group of Wang PC’s
involved with computers when he was (with 12 MB hard disks). His career then
ensnared by the come-hither look of an moved to various parts of the Information
Apple II in 1978, and they’ve been eating Technology field (though that term didn’t
up large parts of his paychecks ever since. exist yet) at such companies as Bell Canada
He first started conversing with the ether in International, Ricoh, and Canada Post.
1985 when a LAN crossed his path, and has
spent so much time with networks that he’s Now after nearly twenty years, Rob has
not good for much of anything else. After done everything with computers except
several years of running networks he fell design the boards and sell them (some-
into book development at New Riders thing not likely to ever occur). In the last
Publishing, where he launched many of the eight years, his primary endeavor has been
best-selling network books in the industry. training, starting with many different
While at New Riders, a dormant writing applications and moving in the last few
bug—squashed by a couple of flops in the years to working exclusively with Network
early 1980s—reasserted itself, and Drew Operating Systems and related topics
once again started pounding the keys late (such as TCP/IP). Rob is currently a
into the night as he authored and co- Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer and a
authored a variety of popular network Microsoft Certified Trainer. His goal is to
titles. In 1994, he left New Riders to try pass every exam in the MCSE track
writing full-time. Now with three successful (currently he’s passed 18 out of a possible
books, Drew is well on the way to enjoying 23) within the next year.
the occupational benefits of the writing
Having a head for bizarre and twisted facts,
profession: failing eyesight, pallid skin, and
Rob has enjoyed these years of training
deadline stress—and, thankfully, the kind
and will continue to enjoy them as long as
comments of a number of readers, for
he can still see the light come on when
which he is extremely grateful.
someone “gets it.”
On the rare occasions when he is not in his
Rob’s personal time is spent with his wife
office staring at a monitor, Drew enjoys
Juudy (two u’s because she’s unique) and
activities with his wife, Blythe. A seasoned
daughter Tawni. They spend a lot of time
computer professional herself, Blythe
with his parents notably stealing away on
keeps Drew honest and keeps the business
the family boat.
running smoothly. Together they enjoy
music and dance concerts and travel to
historic areas.
Rob Scrimger, MCSE, MCT, is the author
responsible for the certified edition of this
book. Born in Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada,
he was an Air Force brat until his family
moved to Ottawa, Ontario. After his start
with an Apple II in high school (Lisgar
Collegiate), he began to write programs in
Basic. From there he moved on to create
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Networking with Microsoft TCP/IP, Certified Administrator’s Resource Edition
Trademark Acknowledgments
All terms mentioned in this book that are From Rob Scrimger:
known to be trademarks or service marks
have been appropriately capitalized. New First, I want to acknowledge the contribu-
Riders Publishing cannot attest to the tions of the Technical (Glenn) and
accuracy of this information. Use of a term Development (Ami) Editors who made
in this book should not be regarded as this book look good (they converted from
affecting the validity of any trademark or binary for you). I will also acknowledge
service mark. Sean and Jason for making this possible. I
want to acknowledge Drew Heywood for
writing Networking with Microsoft TCP/IP
Dedications
upon which this is (loosely at times) based.
I want to acknowledge all the people that I
From Drew Heywood: For Woody from his
have been able to introduce to TCP/IP
proud father.
over the years; your questions helped form
this book.
From Rob Scrimger: I wrote this book for
three people: my wife Juudy to make her
proud, myself to prove I could do it, and
my daughter Tawni, who wants a Nintendo.
Acknowledgments
From Drew Heywood:
My sincere thanks go out to:
Blythe for her patience, support, and
business expertise that support me every
day. My mother for always helping out in a
crisis. New Riders Publishing for giving me
yet another opportunity. To everyone at
New Riders, many thanks. Julie Fairweather
for solving problems. Jack Belbot for
getting me what I needed when I needed
it. Karanjit Siyan for being a good friend,
an exemplar of professionalism, and an
outstanding technical resource. Chris
Stone for his technical editing. Microsoft
for ensuring that Windows NT keeps
moving ahead.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents at a Glance
PART I: TCP/IP Theory 13
1 Introduction to TCP/IP ..................................................................15
2 Introduction to Microsoft Networking................................................ 31
3 The Application Layer .................................................................... 55
4 The Transport Layer.......................................................................67
5 The Internet Layer.......................................................................... 77
6 Subnetting .................................................................................... 93
7 Routing...................................................................................... 113
PART II: Microsoft TCP/IP Services 125
8 Microsoft TCP/IP Services............................................................. 127
9 Internet Information Server............................................................ 153
10 TCP/IP Printing Services.............................................................. 183
11 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) ................................ 197
PART III: NetBIOS Over TCP/IP 233
12 NetBIOS Name Resolution............................................................. 235
13 The Windows Internet Name Service ............................................... 257
14 The Browser Service and TCP/IP ................................................... 299
PART IV: TCP/IP Services 317
15 Microsoft DNS Server.................................................................... 319
16 TCP/IP Utilities .......................................................................... 405
17 Management Utilities: SNMP and the Performance Monitor .............. 479
18 Remote Access Service and TCP/IP................................................. 509
PART V: Microsoft TCP/IP Implementation 559
19 Troubleshooting TCP/IP............................................................... 561
20 Designing a TCP/IP Internetwork.................................................. 589
PART VI: Appendices 607
A Overview of the Certification Process ............................................... 609
B All About TestPrep....................................................................... 619
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Networking with Microsoft TCP/IP, Certified Administrator’s Resource Edition
Table of Contents
Objectives Matrix 1
A .......................................................................................................Planning
B....................................................................Installation and Configuration
C .................................................................................................Connectivity
D....................................................................Monitoring and Optimization
E...........................................................................................Troubleshooting
Introduction 5
The Planning Process .......................................................................................6
Estimating Your Needs.................................................................................6
Internet or Intranet?....................................................................................7
Who Should Read This Book?..........................................................................8
Special Elements in this Book..........................................................................9
Practice Sections...........................................................................................9
Notes, Tips, Cautions, Sidebars...................................................................9
New Riders Publishing....................................................................................10
Part I: TCP/IP Theory 13
1 Introduction to TCP/IP 15
A Brief History of TCP/IP..............................................................................17
Request for Comments—Defining the Internet...........................................19
Why Use TCP/IP? ...........................................................................................22
Overview of TCP/IP Addresses ......................................................................24
Summary..........................................................................................................26
Test Yourself....................................................................................................27
Test Yourself Answers.................................................................................28
2 Introduction to Microsoft Networking 31
The OSI Reference Model..............................................................................32
What Is Microsoft Networking?......................................................................32
Layers on Layers.........................................................................................34
Application/File System Drivers................................................................36
Transport Driver Interface.........................................................................36
The Transport Protocols............................................................................37
Network Driver Interface Specification ....................................................38
Adapter Card Drivers.................................................................................38
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
The TCP/IP Model.........................................................................................42
Components at the Application Layer......................................................43
The Transport Layer Protocols .................................................................45
The Internet Layer.....................................................................................46
Network Access Layer.................................................................................50
Summary..........................................................................................................51
Test Yourself....................................................................................................51
Test Yourself Answers.................................................................................52
3 The Application Layer 55
Getting into WinSock......................................................................................56
How the Process Works..............................................................................56
NetBIOS Over TCP/IP...................................................................................61
NBT.............................................................................................................61
NBTSTAT ...................................................................................................62
Name Resolution Overview ............................................................................63
Summary..........................................................................................................64
Test Yourself....................................................................................................64
Test Yourself Answers.................................................................................65
4 The Transport Layer 67
Headers............................................................................................................68
TCP Headers...............................................................................................68
UDP Header...............................................................................................69
Pseudo Headers...............................................................................................70
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) ..........................................................71
Session Establishment................................................................................71
Byte Stream Communications...................................................................72
Sliding Windows.........................................................................................72
User Datagram Protocol.................................................................................74
Summary..........................................................................................................75
Test Yourself....................................................................................................75
Test Yourself Answers.................................................................................75
5 The Internet Layer 77
What Is a Subnet Mask?..................................................................................78
Introduction to Routing.................................................................................78
Finding Another Machine’s Address .............................................................80
Creating an IP Datagram................................................................................84
Fragmentation and Reassembly of Datagrams..............................................86
Error Detection and Reporting......................................................................87
Summary..........................................................................................................89
Test Yourself....................................................................................................89
Test Yourself Answers.................................................................................90
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Networking with Microsoft TCP/IP, Certified Administrator’s Resource Edition
6 Subnetting 93
Remembering Binary......................................................................................94
How Do You Subnet?......................................................................................96
Determining Your Addressing Needs........................................................97
Defining Your Subnet Mask.......................................................................97
Finding Out How Many Networks, How Many Hosts ..............................98
Subnetwork IDs ..........................................................................................99
Host IDs ....................................................................................................102
Supernetting.............................................................................................104
Summary........................................................................................................106
Test Yourself..................................................................................................106
Test Yourself Answers...............................................................................109
7 Routing 113
What Is Routing?...........................................................................................114
What Is a Router? .....................................................................................114
NT as a Router...............................................................................................115
Static Routing ...........................................................................................115
Dynamic Routing......................................................................................118
Summary........................................................................................................121
Test Yourself..................................................................................................121
Test Yourself Answers...............................................................................122
Part II: Microsoft TCP/IP Services 125
8 Microsoft TCP/IP Services 127
Using Microsoft TCP/IP andWindows NT 4...............................................128
New Features in Windows NT 4...............................................................128
Services Available in NT...........................................................................129
TCP/IP Support for RFCs........................................................................131
Installing Microsoft TCP/IP.........................................................................134
The Network Settings Dialog Box...........................................................134
Testing the TCP/IP Configuration.........................................................141
Microsoft TCP/IP Properties Overview..................................................145
Summary........................................................................................................150
Test Yourself..................................................................................................150
Test Yourself Answers...............................................................................150
9 Internet Information Server 153
Installing IIS ..................................................................................................154
Preparing for Installation ........................................................................154
The Installation Process...........................................................................155
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Using the Product Documentation.........................................................157
Testing the Installation............................................................................158
Managing IIS .................................................................................................158
Selecting IIS Views....................................................................................160
Setting Up the IUSR_computernam Aeccount..........................................160
Configuring the HTTP Server (WWW Service) .....................................161
Configuring the FTP Service ...................................................................174
Configuring the Gopher Service.............................................................175
Practice ..........................................................................................................176
Exercise 0—Installing IIS.........................................................................176
Exercise 1—Changing the IUSR_computernamPea ssword .....................177
Exercise 2—Adding an Alias to the FTP Server .....................................179
Summary........................................................................................................179
Test Yourself..................................................................................................180
Test Yourself Answers...............................................................................180
10 TCP/IP Printing Services 183
Printing with Windows NT ...........................................................................184
The Print Process .....................................................................................184
Installing a Printer....................................................................................188
Installing TCP/IP Printing Services.............................................................189
Connecting to an LPD Server.......................................................................189
Sharing Your Printer Using LPD..................................................................191
Practice ..........................................................................................................193
Exercise 1—Installing the TCP/IP Printing Service..............................193
Exercise 2—Creating a Demonstration Printer......................................194
Exercise 3—Turning On the TCP/IP Print Server................................194
Exercise 4—Printing to the TCP/IP Printer..........................................194
Exercise 5—Hooking Up to the LPD Service.........................................195
Summary........................................................................................................196
Test Yourself..................................................................................................196
Test Yourself Answers...............................................................................196
11 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 197
DHCP Concepts and Operation ..................................................................198
Installing DHCP Servers ...............................................................................202
Setting Up DHCP Scopes.........................................................................202
Enabling DHCP Clients ...........................................................................205
Viewing and Managing Active Leases......................................................206
Modifying Properties for an Active Lease...............................................208
Deleting Active Leases..............................................................................209
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Networking with Microsoft TCP/IP, Certified Administrator’s Resource Edition
Establishing Reservations.........................................................................209
Activating, Deactivating, and Deleting Scopes.......................................212
Managing Leases...........................................................................................212
Managing Multiple DHCP Servers...............................................................213
Managing the DHCP Database.....................................................................213
Compacting the DHCP Database............................................................214
Starting and Stopping the DHCP Server................................................214
Repairing a Corrupted DHCP Database.................................................215
Creating a New DHCP Database .............................................................216
DHCP Configuration Options......................................................................217
Managing Default, Global, and Scope DHCP Options..........................218
Managing Client-Specific Options for Reservations...............................219
DHCP Options for Microsoft TCP/IP ....................................................220
Configuring DHCP in the Registry ..............................................................221
Viewing and Editing DHCP-Related Values in the Registry ..................223
DHCP-Related Registry Values................................................................224
DHCP Relay Agent........................................................................................226
Practice ..........................................................................................................227
Exercise 1—Installing the DHCP Server.................................................228
Exercise 2—Configuring a DHCP Scope................................................228
Exercise 3—Adding Scope and Global Options in the DHCP Server..228
Exercise 4—Configuring a Second DHCP Scope ..................................229
Exercise 5—Adding Client Reservations.................................................230
Exercise 6—Checking the Information..................................................230
Summary........................................................................................................230
Test Yourself..................................................................................................231
Test Yourself Answers...............................................................................231
Part III: NetBIOS Over TCP/IP 233
12 NetBIOS Name Resolution 235
Methods of Name Resolution.......................................................................237
NetBIOS Name Cache .............................................................................237
Broadcast ..................................................................................................238
The LMHOSTS File .................................................................................239
NetBIOS Name Server.............................................................................242
The HOSTS File.......................................................................................244
DNS...........................................................................................................245
Order of Resolution......................................................................................246
B-Node ......................................................................................................247
P-Node.......................................................................................................248
M-Node .....................................................................................................248