Table Of ContentPROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
112(4):768-777. 1999.
Neocallichirus raymanningi, a new species of ghost shrimp
from the northeastern coast of Venezuela
(Crustacea: Decapoda: CaUianassidae)
Juan Pablo Blanco Rambla and Rafael Lemaitre
(JPBR) Instituto Oceanografico de Venezuela, Universidad de Oriente, Apartado Postal 245,
Cumana, Estado Sucre, Venezuela; (RL) Rafael Lemaitre, Department of Invertebrate Zoology,
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560-0163
—
Abstract. A new species of ghost shrimp, Neocallichirus raymanningi, is
described based on specimens collected in subtidal habitats in the Gulf of
Cariaco, northeastern Venezuela. This new species is most similar to A^. rath-
bunae (Schmitt), but differs from it primarily in having a broadly rounded
rostrum, and in the case of males, unique armature of merus and dactylus on
the major cheliped. A checklist of all known species in the world currently
assigned to the genus Neocallichirus Sakai is included.
Recent studies of thalassinideans from 1850), N. nickellae Manning, 1993, A^. le-
the northeastern coast of Venezuela have maitrei Manning 1993, and A^. cacahuate
&
shown the existence of at least 18 species Felder Manning 1995. Species of this ge-
of these ecologically important infaunal nus are characterized primarily by: carapace
crustaceans commonly called ghost with well defined oval, lacking rostral ca-
shrimps. Several species had not been re- rina or cardiac protuberance; comeae dor-
corded previously from this coast or were sal, subterminal, disk-shaped; antennular
&
found to be undescribed (Blanco Rambla peduncles no longer or stouter than anten-
Lifiero Arana 1994, Blanco Rambla et al. nal peduncles; third maxillipeds lacking ex-
1995, Blanco Rambla (unpublished data)). opod, with ischium-merus subpediform,
During a recent faunistic survey ofthe Gulf and merus not projecting beyond articula-
of Cariaco, specimens were obtained of yet tion with carpus; major cheliped lacking
another undescribed species as here de- meral hook; in both sexes, first pleopod uni-
scribed. ramous, and second pleopod biramous; sec-
The genus Neocallichirus Sakai, 1988 ond pleopod with appendix interna well de-
was originally proposed for nine Indo-West veloped in females, with appendix interna
Pacific and two Atlantic species. Maiming reduced or short and slender in males; and
&
Felder (1991) later assigned to this genus endopod of third to fifth pleopods with
four more western Atlantic species. Subse- stubby, embedded appendix intemae (Sakai
quently, Manning & Lemaitre (1994) re-as- 1988, Manning & Felder 1991).
signed four western Atlantic species previ- Specimens of the new species were cap-
ously in Neocallichirus to the genus Sergio tured with yabby pumps at three localities
&
Manning Lemaitre, 1994. With the de- in northeastern Venezuela on the southern
scription of the new species, there are now and northern coasts of the Gulf of Cariaco
18 species recognized worldwide in Neo- (approximately at 10°30'N, 64°00'W). The
callichirus. In addition to the new species, Gulf has about 170 km of shoreline, and
five other Neocallichirus species occur in includes diverse habitats.
the western Atlantic: N. rathbunae Measurements (mm) were made with an
(Schmitt, 1935), N. grandimana (Gibbes, ocular micrometer. Carapace length (cl) was
VOLUME NUMBER
112, 4 769
measured along the middorsal line of the ferior margin proximally; prehensile margin
carapace from the anterior margin of ros- of dactylus with large proximal subrectan-
trum to the posterior margin of the cara- gular tooth separated from distal margin by
pace. Total length (tl) was measured from deep quadrate cleft. Male second pleopod
the tip of the rostrum to posterior margin with distinct, slender appendix interna bear-
of the telson. Specimens are deposited in ing short stiff s—etae terminally.
the National Museum of Natural History, Description. Mature male and females
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. of relatively large size, ranging in known
(USNM), and Laboratorio de Carcinologia, specimens from cl 19.1 to 23.1 mm, and tl
Instituto Oceanografico de Venezuela, from 69.0 to 80.1 mm.
Universidad de Oriente (lOV). Frontal margin of carapace (Fig. la, b)
consisting of broadly rounded rostrum, and
Family Calhanassidae Dana, 1852 subtriangular lateral projections to each
Subfamily CalUchirinae Manning & side; rostrum with short marginal setae; lat-
Felder, 1991 eral projections each with terminal spine
Neocallichirus Sakai, 1988 slightly exceeding rostrum and reaching to
Neocallichirus raymanningi, new species about midline of basal segment of antennal
Figs. 1-4 peduncle. Carapace lacking rostral carina,
with distinct Hnea thalassinica; dorsal oval
—
Holotype. Playa Cristal, south coast of with distinct tubercle on each side of ante-
Gulf of Cariaco, Sucre State, Venezuela, rior half, oval distinctly marked posteriorly
10°27'07,0"N, 63''57'01,7'W, sandy sub- by deep transverse cardiac furrow, latter ex-
strate, 0.5 m, 5 Aug 1997, coll. J. P. Blanco tending anteroventrally to either side above
Rambla, M. Gomez, & A. De La Rosa: 1 Hnea thalassinica as shallow groove mark-
S cl 23.1 mm,—tl 76.1 mm, USNM 276147. ing posterior half of dorsal oval. Frontal
Paratypes. Same locaUty data as holo- margin of carapace continued ventrolater-
type: 1 ? (dry, damage—d) cl 20.6 mm, tl 69 ally beyond intersection with Hnea thalas-
mm, USNM 276150. Las Maritas, north sinica as thickened obHque ridge ending an-
coast of Gulf of Cariaco, Sucre State, Ven- teriorly to prominent hepatic boss, latter
ezuela, 10°33'05.2"N, 63°50'45.5'W, subti- surmounted with small sharp or blunt tu-
dal sand-mud substrate, 4 Feb 1997, colls. bercle followed posteriorly by 2 small sharp
J. P. Blanco Rambla, M. Gomez, & A. De or blunt spines. Subantennular region of ep-
La Rosa: 1 $ —cl 23.1 mm, tl 80.1 mm, istome bearing dense tuft of long setae.
USNM
276148. La Peila, south coast of Eyestalks (Fig. la, b) subtriangular, with
Gulf of Cariaco, Sucre State, Venezuela, flattened and moderately pigmented cor-
10°28'08.5"N, 63°42'26.4"W, mud-sand neae occupying less than half width of
substrate, 0.5 m, 26 Jun 1997, coll. J. P stalk. Length of exposed eyestalk in dorsal
Blanco Rambla, M. Gomez & A. De La view about 1.5 times basal width; tips lo-
Rosa: 1 9 cl 21.9 mm, tl 79.0 mm, USNM bate to obtusely angular, reaching distal end
276149; 1 $ cl 19.1 mm, tl 70.6 mm, lOV of basal segment of antennular peduncle;
1976. mesial margins of eyestalks closely ap-
—
Diagnosis. Front of carapace with ros- pressed proximally, diverging terminally.
trum broadly rounded, each lateral projec- Antennular peduncle shorter and heavier
tion armed with terminal spine slightly ex- than antennal peduncle; terminal article
ceeding rostrum. Inferior portion of lateral about 1.8 times length of penultimate,
wall of carapace with 3 small sharp or blunt reaching to about proximal third of terminal
spines: 1 on hepatic boss, and 2 just pos- antennal article; penultimate and terminal
terior to hepatic boss. Major cheliped merus articles with ventromesial and ventrolateral
armed with row of strong bifid teeth on in- rows of long setae; rami of flagellum sub-
770 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Fig. I. Neocallichirus raymanningi, new species. GulfofCariaco, Venezuela, a, c, e, Male holotype (cl 23.1
mm), USNM 276147; b, d. Female paratype (23.1 mm), USNM 276148. a. Anterior carapace, eyestalks and
peduncles of cephalic appendages, dorsal view; b. Anterior carapace, eyestalks and portion of peduncles of
cephalic appendages, dorsal view; c, Male major cheliped, internal surface; d. Female major cheliped, internal
surface; e. Minor cheliped, internal surface. Scales equal 2 mm.
equal in length, dorsal ramus with sparse Mandible (Fig. 2a) with large, 3-seg-
setae, ventral ramus with dense long setae. mented palp; third article of palp elongated,
Antennal peduncle with terminal article rounded distally, and with short, weakly
slightly shorter than penultimate; basal ar- hooked setae on extensor surface; second
ticle with slightly produced excretory pore; article of palp with long setae distally; first
second article with distinct oblique ventral article as long as wide, without setae. In-
suture, distolaterally with tuft of setae; third cisor process with cutting margin consisting
article narrower than second; fourth article of well defined blunt corneous teeth on
longest, slightly narrower than third, and proximal half, and long, low tooth on distal
with tuft of long setae distolaterally. half; internal surface with lip giving rise to
VOLUME NUMBER
112, 4 771
molar process with about 5 blunt teeth; par- crista dentata consisting of curved row of
agnath (Fig. 2b) scaliform, with small scler- sharp spines, distalmost spines closely set,
otized projection on upper distal half, set median spines distinctly larger and wide
against and below molar process. First max- apart; merus subtriangular, broader than
illa (Fig. 2c) with endopodal palp long, nar- long; carpus subtriangular, with setose lobe
row, and with terminal article deflected on flexor margin, internal surface with
proximally at articulation; proximal endite dense semicircular field of fine setae; pro-
with dense fine setation on most of lower podus subrectangular, height more that 1.3
mesial margin, terminal lobe with long, dis- its length, internal surface with median sub-
tally bifurcate setae; distal endite elongate, circular field of fine dense setae, anterior
narrow proximally, mesial margin with margin setose and ending distally as lobe;
short bristles often bifurcated distally; ex- dactylus narrow, slightly arcuate, longer
opod obsolete, marked by low truncate lobe than propodus, with small brush of stiff
with setae. Second maxilla (Fig. 2d) with bristles; lacking epipod.
endopod terminally flexed, rounded distal- Branchial formula includes exopods and
ly; proximal and distal endites each longi- epipods as described for first to third max-
tudinally subdivided and densely setose ter- illipeds. Other branchiae consisting of 1 ru-
minally, setae on second endite consisting dimentary arthrobranch on second maxilli-
of dense bristles; proximal endite with ar- ped, pair of arthrobranchs on third maxil-
cuate setose crest across internal surface; liped, and pair of arthrobranchs on each of
exopod forming large, broad, scaphogna- first to fourth pereopods.
thite. First maxilliped (Fig. 2e) with proxi- First pereopods forming markedly dis-
mal endite narrowly produced, marginally similar chelipeds. Major cheliped of male
setose; distal endite robust, subrectanglar, (Fig. Ic) heavy, strongly calcified; ischium
external surface with median longitudinal with row of well spaced sharp or blunt
row of long setae directed mesially; exopod spines on inferior margin; merus about 2.3
ovoid, marginally setose, with marked times as long as high, superior margin
notch on mesial margin, and short arcuate slightly arcuate distally, inferior margin
row of setae on external surface; epipod keel-like and armed with row of strong
large, posterior lobe broad, anterior end teeth decreasing in size distally, teeth bifid
narrowing terminally. Second maxilliped proximally and simple distally; carpus
(Fig. 2f) with long, narrow endopod; en- short, about 1.9 times higher than long, su-
dopodal merus more than 4 times as long perior margin keel-like and with tufts of
as broad, flexor margin with dense fringe of short setae on inner side, posterior and
long setae; carpus short; propodus about proximal part of inferior margins crenulate
half as long as merus, slightly arcuate, wid- with tufts of setae on inner side, evenly
ening distally; dactylus elongate, about half curved and forming blunt angle with distal
as long as propodus, with terminal brush of part of inferior margin; chela about 1.8
short stiff setae; exopod narrow, slightly ar- times as long as high (greatest height on
cuate, overreaching end of endopodal car- palm proximally); palm about 1.1 times as
pus, and fringed with long setae; epipod high as long (length measured on superior
small. Third maxilliped (Fig. 2g) without margin), outer surface smooth, glabrous ex-
exopod; endopod with long setation on me- cept for scattered tufts of short setae, inner
sial margin; terminal 3 articles also with surface with scattered tufts of setae and
long setation on extensor margins; length of cluster of low tubercles medially near base
merus-ischium more than 2.5 times its of fixed finger, superior margin broadly ar-
width; ischium subrectangular, distinctly cuate and with tufts of setae on inner side,
longer than broad, proximomesial margin inferior margin keel-like and turned in-
rounded, internal surface with well defined wards, crenulate and with tufts of long setae
772 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Fig. 2. Neocallichirus raymanningi, new species, male holotype (cl 23.1 mm), Gulf of Cariaco, Venezuela,
USNM
276147, left mouthparts: a. Mandible, external surface; b, Paragnath, external surface; c. First maxilla,
external surface; d. Second maxilla, external surface; e, First maxilliped, external surface; f. Second maxilliped,
mm mm
external surface; g. Third maxilliped, internal surface. Scales equal 1 (a-e), and 2 (f, g).
on inner side; fixed finger with tip curved high, palm about 1.2 times as long as high
upward, inferior margin with tufts of setae (length measured on superior margin); fixed
on inner side, prehensile margin with small finger with prehensile margin forming a
rounded teeth proximally, and small or in- broadly triangular tooth at midline; oppos-
conspicuous rounded teeth distally; dacty- able margin of dactylus with proximal tooth
lus slightly longer than palm, outer and in- broader and lower.
ner surfaces with tufts oflong setae in prox- Minor cheliped (Fig. le) similar between
imity to opposable margin, superior margin sexes, well calcified much less massive and
arcuate and with tufts of setae on inner and more slender than in male; outer and inner
outer sides, tip curved downward, prehen- surfaces of segments glabrous except for
sile margin with large subrectangular tooth scattered tufts of short setae on chela. Is-
proximally and separated by deep subquad- chium with inferior margin unarmed. Merus
rate cleft from low rounded tooth, followed about 2.3 times as long as high, inferior
distally with row of small rounded teeth. margin slightly sinuous. Carpus about twice
Major cheliped of female (Fig. Id) not as as long as high, slightly longer than merus,
heavy and massive as in male; differing superior and inferior margins unarmed,
from that of male as follows: merus slightly with row of tufts of setae on interior side.
more slender, about 2.4 times as long as Chela about 2.7 times as long as high. Palm
high; teeth on inferior margin ofmerus sim- about 1.3 times as long as high (length mea-
ple; carpus about as long as high; chela sured on superior margin), superior margin
more slender, about 2.3 times as long as with row of tufts of setae; palm and fixed
VOLUME NUMBER
112, 4 773
finger with inferior margin slightly concave tae except on longitudinal median portion;
at base of fixed finger, with row of tufts of inner surface with scattered setae. Dactylus
setae. Fixed finger shorter than dactylus, tip about twice as long as high, terminating in
curved upward; prehensile margin minutely short corneous tip hooked toward external
denticulate. Dactylus slightly longer than side; outer surface densely setose.
palm, tip curved downward; superior mar- Fifth pereopod (Fig. 3d) minutely che-
gin with tufts of setae; opposable margin late. Merus and carpus with scattered setae.
minutely denticulate on proximal half. Propodus with dense patch of dense setae
Second pereopod (Fig. 3a) chelate. Is- on distal half, upper limit of patch oblique.
chium with sparse long setae on inferior Fixed finger and dactylus with opposable
margin. Merus with longitudinal row of surfaces spooned; prehensile lip of fixed
well-spaced tufts of short setae on outer finger corneous, minutely pectinate. Dac-
surface; flexor margin with dense row of tylus curving inward, densely setose on out-
long setae over most of margin, setae di- er surface.
minishing in length distally. Carpus with Abdominal somites smooth, glabrous
long setae on superior and inferior margins; dorsally except for short setae near poste-
outer surface with scattered setae in addi- rior margin. Third to fifth somites laterally
tion to row of. tufts of short setae parallel with semicircular tuft of dense short setae
to distal margin; inner surface with well laterally. Sixth somite with 3 dorsal pairs of
spaced tufts of setae. Chela with fingers setae or tufts of setae (1 pair anteriorly, 1
straight prehensile and opposable margins pair medially, and 1 pair of longer setae on
of fingers corneous, micropectinate proxi- posterior margin), and short fine marginal
mally and smooth distally; outer and inner setation; with short posterior mid-dorsal
surfaces of palm and fingers with well sulcus reaching posterior margin.
spaced tufts of setae. First pleopod of male and female unira-
Third pereopod (Fig. 3b) with merus mous, 2-segmented; in male (Fig. 4a), distal
about 2.8 times as long as high. Carpus segment spatulate, shorter than proximal,
widening distally, twice as long as high, subdivided into 2 lobes by weak longitu-
with patches of long setae terminally. Pro- dinal furrow, anterior lobe terminally
podus with inferior margin produced into rounded and setose, posterior lobe termi-
large lobe directed proximally; outer sur- nally acute and setose with tip directed an-
face with numerous tufts of short setae ex- teriorly; in female (Fig. 4d), both articles
cept on longitudinal median portion; inner narrow and elongate, proximal article
surface with scattered tufts of short setae; curved outward and setose distally, terminal
superior margin with tufts of long setae; in- article marginally setose on distal half and
ferior margin with dense tufts of long setae. with distinct setose shoulder at midlength.
Dactylus tear-shaped, terminating in cor- Second pleopod of male and female bira-
neous tip hooked toward external side; out- mous; in male (Fig. 4b), exopod setose dis-
er surface densely covered with long setae; tally, slender and curved inward, endopod
inner surface with scattered setae. with distal lobe demarcated by weak trans-
Fourth pereopod (Fig. 3c) subchelate. Is- verse suture and longer than poorly demar-
chium about 2.6 times as long as high. Me- cated appendix masculina, appendix interna
rus longer and heavier than carpus, about 4 (Fig. 4c) short and slender, with 3 short stiff
times as long as high. Carpus slender, near- setae distally; in female (Fig. 4e), exopod
ly 6 times as long as high, slightly widening with marginal setae distally, endopod with
distally. Propodus about 3.5 times as long well developed appendix interna (Fig. 4f)
as high; inferodistal comer produced into about 0.5 as long as distal lobe of endopod
short, blunt fixed finger; outer surface and with short hooked setae distally. Third
densely covered with long microserrate se- to fifth pairs of pleopods forming large.
774 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Fig. 3. Neocallichirus raymanningi, new species, male holotype (cl 23.1 mm). Gulf of Canaco, Venezuela,
USNM
276147: a. Right second pereopod, external surface; b. Right third pereopod, external surface; c. Right
fourth pereopod, external surface; d. Right fifth pereopod, external surface; e, Telson and uropods, dorsal view.
Scales equal 3 mm.
posteriorly cupped fans when coupled at carina and broad tuft of long setae on pos-
mesial margins of endopods; endopod of terolateral comer; exopod with anterodorsal
each (Fig. 4g, h) subtriangular, short, with plate with dense spiniform setae distally,
stubby appendix interna embedded into me- posterior plate marginally with dense, long
sial margin of endopod. spiniform setae grading posteriorly into
Telson (Fig. 3e) about 1.3 times as broad thinner setae. —
as long, broadest at lateral lobes on anterior Known range and habitat. Known only
half; posterior margin broadly rounded or from the northern and southern shores of
weakly sinuous, setose; posterolateral cor- the Gulf of Cariaco, Venezuela. The speci-
ners rounded, each bearing tuft of long se- mens were found in shallow subtidal habi-
m
tae; dorsal surface anteromedially elevated tats at about 0.5 in depth, on sand or
and with tuft of setae medially. Uropod sand-mud substrates. Salinity and tempera-
with posterolaterally directed rounded lobe ture ranged from 34 to 35 ppt, and 23.6° to
ofprotopod overreaching anterior margin of 25°C, respectively.
—
endopod; endopod broader than long, sub- Etymology. The specific name is given
rectangular, posterior margin truncate, near- in honor of our colleague and friend, Ray-
ly straight dorsal surface with longitudinal mond B. Manning, in recognition of his
VOLUME NUMBER
112, 4 775
Fig. 4. Neocallichirus raymanningi, new species, Gulf of Cariaco, Venezuela, a—c, g, h, Male holotype (cl
23.1 mm), USNM 276147; d-f. Female paratype (23.1 mm), USNM 276148. a, Male left first pleopod, posterior
surface; b, Male left second pleopod, posterior surface (arrow indicates appendix masculina); c. Appendix interna
of same; d. Female first right pleopod, posterior surface; e. Female second right pleopod, posterior surface; f.
Appendix interna of same; g, Third pleopod, posterior surface; h. Appendix interna of same, posterior surface.
mm mm mm
Scales equal 1 (a, b, d, c, h), 2 (e, g) and 0.5 (f).
contributions to the systematics of the Cal- The major cheliped of the only known male
Hanassidae. Over the years he has helped of the new species has a row of irregular,
and encouraged us to collect and study bifid teeth on the inferior margin of the
these poorly known crustaceans. merus; the prehensile margin of the dacty-
—
Remarks. Among the western Atlantic lus has a large proximal subrectangular
species of Neocallichirus, N. raymanningi, tooth, which is separated from the distal
new species, is most similar to A^. rathbu- part of the margin by a deep subquadrate
nae (Schmitt, 1935). The two can be sepa- cleft. In contrast, the major cheliped in
rated easily by differences in the frontal males of N. rathbunae have simple spines
margin of the carapace and, in the case of on the inferior margin of the merus; the pre-
males, the major cheliped. In the new spe- hensile margin of the dactylus has a large,
cies the rostrum is broadly rounded and un- low subrectangular tooth proximally, which
armed, whereas in N. rathbunae the rostrum is separated from the rest of the margin by
is subtriangular and has a terminal spine. a shallow rounded (U-shaped) cleft.
—
776 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
&
The second pleopod of the male in Neo- A^. sassandrensis (Le Loeuff Intes, 1974):
callichirus raymanningi, new species, and eastern Atlantic (Ivory Coast).
A^. rathbunae, is distinct from that of other N. taiaro Ngoc-Ho, 1995: South Pacific
western Atlantic congeners in having a well (French Polynesia).
developed, slender appendix interna with
short stiff setae terminally (Fig. 4b). In oth- Acknowledgments
er western Atlantic congeners the appendix
interna is obsolete or at most a vestige is We thank R. B. Manning (USNM), for
present in the form of a small patch of short his helpful advice and valuable suggestions;
and A. De La Rosa and M. Gomez (lOV),
microsetae.
The following is a checklist of all Neo- for their assistance during field work. This
callichirus species currently known from study was possible thanks to support pro-
vided to one ofus (JPBR) through grant CI-
the world, and their general distribution:
5-1803-0767/96-97 from Consejo de Inves-
&
A^. cacahuate Felder Manning, 1995: tigacion, Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela
western Atlantic (Florida, U.S.A.). (CIUDO). Travel to the National Museum
A^. caechabitator Sakai, 1988: western Pa- of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,
cific (Australia). Washington, D.C., was possible thanks to
A^. darwinensis Sakai, 1988: western Pacific funds provided by CIUDO, and Consejo
(Australia). Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y
N. denticulatus Ngoc-Ho, 1994: western Tecnologicas (CONICIT), Caracas, Vene-
Pacific (Australia).
zuela.
A^. grandimana (Gibbes, 1850): western At-
lantic (Bermuda; Caribbean Sea; Brazil),
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—
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&
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lantic (Venezuela). able, and descriptions of new species. Pro-
—
VOLUME 112, NUMBER 4 777
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—
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