Nanoantennas and Plasmonics: Modelling, Design and Fabrication

472 Pages·2020·46.707 MB·English

by  Douglas H. Werner, Sawyer D. Campbell, Lei Kang

Nanoantennas and
Plasmonics
The ACES Series on Computational and
Numerical Modelling in Electrical Engineering
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The volumes in this series encompass the development and application of
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A.Z. Elsherbeni, P.Nayeri, and C.J.Reddy,“Antenna Analysis and Design Using
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Nanoantennas and
Plasmonics
Modelling, Design and Fabrication
Edited by
Douglas H. Werner, Sawyer D. Campbell and Lei Kang
The Institution of Engineering andTechnology
PublishedbySciTechPublishing,animprintofTheInstitutionofEngineeringand
Technology,London,UnitedKingdom
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Contents
Abouttheeditors xi
Preface xii
1 Optical properties of plasmonic nanoloopantennas 1
Jogender Nagar,Ryan J. Chaky, Arnold F. McKinley,
Mario F. Pantoja and DouglasH.Werner
1.1 Analytical theory of impedance-loaded nanoloops 2
1.1.1 Material characteristics 3
1.1.2 The closed thin-wire loop 5
1.1.3 The loaded loop 7
1.1.4 Radiation from a driven thin-wire loop antenna 11
1.1.5 The sub-wavelength resonance of loopsand rings 12
1.2 Analytical theory of mutual couplingin nanoloops 13
1.2.1 Theory 14
1.2.2 Results 20
1.3 Broadband superdirective radiation modes in nanoloops 24
1.4 Trade-offsin electrical size, directivity, and gain for nanoloops 29
1.4.1 Optimizing a single nanoloop 31
1.4.2 Optimizing arrays of nanoloops 36
1.5 Elliptical nanoloops 40
1.5.1 Special cases 42
1.5.2 The electrically small elliptical loop antenna 44
1.6 Summary 47
References 47
2 Passive andactive nanocylinders for enhancedanddirective
radiationandscattering phenomena 53
Samel Arslanagic´ andRichard W. Ziolkowski
2.1 Introduction and chapter overview 53
2.2 Configurations,materials, gain model, and analysismethods 55
2.2.1 Configurations 55
2.2.2 Materials 58
2.2.3 Gain model 59
2.2.4 Analysis methods 60
vi Nanoantennas and plasmonics: modelling, designand fabrication
2.3 Symmetric and asymmetric CNPs 63
2.3.1 Dipole-based symmetric 2DCNPs 63
2.3.2 Why goforsomething else? Asymmetric, holey and cake,
active 2DCNPs 66
2.3.3 Eccentric three-region CNPs 72
2.4 Symmetric and asymmetric active 3DCNPs 79
2.4.1 Symmetric active 3DCNPs 79
2.4.2 Asymmetric, holey and cake, active 3DCNPs 82
2.5 Symmetric multi-layer NPs 85
2.6 Conclusionsand summary 91
References 99
3 Coherent control of light scattering 103
Alex Krasnokand Andrea Alu´
b
3.1 Polesand zeros of the S matrix 104
3.2 Coherent perfect absorption 108
3.3 Virtual perfect absorption 111
3.4 Coherently enhanced wirelesspower transfer 113
3.5 Conclusions 115
References 116
4 Time domainmodelingwiththegeneralized dispersive
material model 125
Ludmila J. Prokopeva, William D.Henshaw,
DonaldW. Schwendeman andAlexander V. Kildishev
4.1 GDMmodel 126
4.1.1 Maxwell’s equations 126
4.1.2 The GDMmodel 128
4.1.3 The dispersion relation for the GDMmodel 130
4.1.4 Special GDMcases: classical dispersion models 132
4.1.5 GDMfits 138
4.2 Numerical implementation of the GDMmodel 139
4.2.1 Yee-based ADEGDMscheme 140
4.2.2 Yee-based recursive convolution GDMscheme 141
4.2.3 Yee-based universal GDMscheme 144
4.3 Numerical results 146
4.4 Conclusions 148
References 148
5 Inverse-designof plasmonicanddielectric optical nanoantennas 153
Sawyer. D.Campbell, Eric B. Whiting, DannyZ.Zhu
andDouglasH.Werner
5.1 Introduction 153
Contents vii
5.2 Optimization methods forplasmonic and dielectric optical
nanoantennas 154
5.2.1 Local optimization algorithms 155
5.2.2 Global optimization algorithms 157
5.2.3 Multi-objective optimization algorithms 159
5.2.4 Applied nanoantenna and meta-device optimization 161
5.3 Optimized plasmonic nanoantennas for large field enhancement 163
5.4 Nanoantenna optimization forphase-gradient metasurface
applications 166
5.4.1 Two-dimensional dielectric nanoantennas 167
5.4.2 Three-dimensional metallodielectric nanoantennas 174
5.5 Conclusions 180
Acknowledgments 180
References 180
6 Multi-level carrier kinetics modelsfor computational
nanophotonics 189
ShaimaaI. Azzamand Alexander V. Kildishev
6.1 Gain media models 190
6.2 Saturable absorbingmedia 194
6.2.1 Saturable absorption models with MRE 194
6.2.2 Modeling reverse saturable absorption withMRE 195
6.3 Multiphoton absorption models 200
References 201
7 Nonlinear multipolar interference: from nonreciprocal
directionality to one-way nonlinear mirror 207
EkaterinaPoutrinaand Augustine Urbas
7.1 Introduction 208
7.2 Single-element scattering response: Anoverview 215
7.2.1 Expressions for the scattered field 216
7.2.2 Linear multipolar interference 219
7.2.3 Nonlinear multipolar interference 220
7.3 Retrieval of the effective nonlinear multipolar polarizabilities 227
7.3.1 Retrieval of multipolar partial waves 228
7.3.2 Retrieval of nonlinear magnetoelectric polarizabilities 237
7.4 Single-element scattering response: implementation with
physical geometry 240
7.4.1 Linear multipolar polarizabilities of a dimer structure 242
7.4.2 Nonlinearmagnetoelectricpolarizabilitiesofadimerstructure 243
7.5 Nonlinear scattering offa magnetoelectric metasurface 252
7.5.1 Nonlinear mirror via difference frequency generation 252
7.5.2 One-way nonlinear mirror via multipolar interference
in nonlinearly generated field 254
viii Nanoantennas and plasmonics: modelling, design and fabrication
7.6 Concluding remarks 257
References 258
8 Plasmonic metasurfaces for controlling harmonic generations 269
Shumei Chen, Guixin Li,ThomasZentgraf and ShuangZhang
8.1 Introduction 269
8.2 Selection rule in harmonic generationsfor circular polarizations 270
8.3 Binary phase nonlinear metasurfaces 275
8.3.1 Continuouscontrol of nonlinearity phase 276
8.4 Nonlinear metasurface holography 282
8.5 Nonlinear metasurface for intensity control and image encoding 286
8.6 Vortex beam generation in harmonic generation 287
8.7 Nonlinear imaging 289
8.8 Nonlinear planar chiral metasurfaces 292
8.9 Summaryand outlook 296
References 296
9 Optical nanoantennasfor enhancedTHz emission 301
Andrei Gorodetsky, Sergey Lepeshov, Alex Krasnokand Pavel Belov
9.1 Introduction 301
9.2 Principles of THz photoconductive antennas and photomixers 303
9.2.1 Methods of coherent THz generation 303
9.2.2 Pulsed THz generation inphotoconductive antennas 304
9.2.3 Pulsed THz detection in photoconductive antennas 307
9.2.4 Continuouswave THz generation in photomixers 307
9.2.5 Effect of the contact electrodes shape onthe radiative
characteristics of THz photoconductive antennas and
photomixers 309
9.2.6 Howplasmonic optical nanoantennascan enhance
THz generation and detection 311
9.3 Design of optical plasmonic nanoantennas 313
9.4 Results of plasmonic nanoantennas implementation for
THz generation enhancement 317
9.4.1 Interdigitated electrodes 317
9.4.2 Plasmonmonopole nanoantennas 317
9.4.3 Plasmondipole nanoantennas 323
9.4.4 2Dplasmonic gratings 324
9.4.5 3Dplasmonic gratings 329
9.4.6 Comparison of the reviewed approaches 331
9.5 Enhancement of THz detection with nanoantennas 331
9.6 Outlook 335
References 337
Contents ix
10 Active photonics basedonphase-change materials
andreconfigurable nanowire systems 343
Lei Kang,LiuLiu,SarahJ. Boehm, LanLin, TheresaS.Mayer,
Christine D.Keating and DouglasH.Werner
10.1 Introduction 343
10.2 Phase transition enabled tunable metadevices 344
10.2.1 An electrically actuated VO -hybridmetadevice 346
2
10.2.2 Conclusions and future studies 357
10.3 Nanoparticle assembly-basedmetadevices 358
10.3.1 Reconfigurable IR-polarizer based onnanowire
assemblies 359
10.3.2 Conclusions and future studies 371
References 373
11 Dancingangelsonthepointof aneedle: nanofabrication
for subwavelengthoptics 381
Mikhail Y.Shalaginov, Fan Yang,Juejun Huand TianGu
11.1 Openingremarks 381
11.2 Standard planar nanofabrication technologies applied
to subwavelength optics 382
11.2.1 Materials for subwavelengthoptics 382
11.2.2 Large-scale manufacturing: a case studyof optical
metasurfaces 391
11.3 Innovative solutions to nonconventional subwavelength optics
designs 393
11.3.1 HARnanostructures 393
11.3.2 3D structures 400
11.3.3 Fabrication onunconventional substrates 406
11.4 Summaryand outlook 419
References 420
Index 445