Mathematical modelling of heat transfer and water vapour transport in apple coolstores

288 Pages·2011·9.73 MB·English

by  Amos, Nevin David

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MATHEMATICALM ODELLINGO F HEATT RANSFERA ND
WATER VAPOURT RANSPORTI NA PPLEC OOLSTORES
A thepsriess einnpt aertdfui lafill moeftn htre e quirfeomtreh Dneet gsr oefDe o ctoofr
PhoislophByi oitne channoBdli oogpyr Eoncgeisns eaetMr aisnsUgen yi versity.
NevDianv Aimdo s
B.Hort(.HSocnis.) (Massey)
1995
ABSTRACT
As tuodfhy e tatrs afnaenrwd a tvearp oturra nisnpal o arrtig ned usatprpciloaeol l swtaosr e
undertAaks eenot.fm easurewmaemsna tdisen clupdriondcguo cotlr iantigenb s o tphr e­
cooluinniagtn tsd h beu lk-satroeraa,g ee vaanfpdao pnre artfoorr flmoaonarcn ed, building
shetlelm perdaotouorrp eesnfri,en qgu eannacdyi t re mperraetluahrtueim,vi ed( iRRt)ay n d
velovcairtiyaw ittibhoo nt h paonstdii tmieo.n
Measuremenptasl plwreiett- hciosnoh loewlreasdr v gaer iaitnpi roondsu ct rcaotoel_i ng
betwaepepncl arteo ns bcuotun ltodbht eai tst ritboau ntpyeo ds itfiaocnstatolur d Tihede.
sproefad da wtaaps r obdaubtelow y i ddeffileyr aiinrgfl tohwrso aungadhr ouenadca hp ple
cartAo ns.t aggpearlepldre et- ccooonlfiegru rhaaatd3 i %o0 nf asctoeorl riantogen
avertahgaaenn i n-lpianlaelr erta ngeMmeeanstu.r eomfce onotlsri antwgei st hsiinng le
cartsohnosw leadr vgaer iaotfci ooonlr iantwgei tpho siwtiitohanci an rtporno,b ably
resulfrtomin nogn -unaiifroflwrmoi wt thhicenar ton.
Exishteiacntog n ductimoond-ebwlaessru eend a btlope r edict otfvh aer ilaoebfvie lli ty
coolirnagtw ei thciatnro nsA. m ulti-czoonndeudca tnidco onn vecmtodieolwn a s
devpeedlw ohipcrhed iacptptsle em peraantwdue riegl hotsa sit,re mpereanttuhraaenl,dp y
humidainptday c,k atgeimnpge rwaittpuhor seiw tiitothnhi cena rtToens.to iftn hgme od el
agaimnesats udraedst hao wgedo ofidtf oaria rn adp ptleem perbautiutnr seusffi,cd iaetnat
were avfaocirol mapbrleeh teensstoiiftvn hehge u midainwtdey i glhotss usb -models.
Difficuilntd ieevse lmoeptihnogd tooal ocgcyu rdaetfietnlheype a ttoefarn irflso ww ithin
cartwoenrnseo atd equatelys oom veaesrucroemtmeode, en ttesr amiirnflepo awt terns
woubledr equirepdr ebdeifccootruieblo emdn as d feo arl ternpaatcikvaesg yisntge ms.
Withtihcneo olsmteoarseut rheewdra ess i gnipfiocsainttvi aorniaailtna i itoren me prature
anhdu midity assochieaasttoe udr cweisat sph (r selu-occchoda oollo erurnssi,,n sulated
flooarn,wd a rfrmu ibta tchaentsdh) de,e groefae ic ri rcualsqa utiaonntb iylfi oedc aailr
velocIinta idedsi.tt ieomnp,e raanthduu rmei dsihtoywa ed di urnafllu ctuaastsioocni ated
witthho ep eraotfti hoceno olstorree.s usTluhtgesgs etesh tneee def doa rm ulti-zone
dynammiocd teole nabplree diocftb ioottnhhst e i maen tdh peo sitviaorniaatltob i eo n
made.
Abstract
11
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suarcfeflso,o rhse,ag tee nrationremsra,tt a elrssiu cahsi ntesrntarlu cctoumrpaoln ents,
evaaptoorfrnassd,,o orsp raondduN cotvf.eae lt uorfte hsme od eclo mrpeatdoe xisting
modealrtseh iaetts tiamirfalteobswe twzeoennue ssi finxgeu ds deer finpeda thwraayetsrh,
thcaon mphlyeodxdr ynamimocd elisct;o ndseirwsa tvearp oturra nsporatsw eilansl detail
heattra ncsofnedre;n osnas tuaircofeansn w da taebrsp otriopna cbkya agrimeno gdl eedl;
antdh per odsuucbt- mbootdhael ll moowvse moefpn rto dbuacttcd huersti hnsegi mtuiloan
anadc cofurond tifesfr enicnceo so lrianwtgie t ahb iant ch.
Snigle-5zz-oonn8ee-,,z oann3ed4- zovneer soifto hnes mwodeertlee stTehdIe.- zone
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zon,e sp)arboblbyeu csaoefi mpreciidnse ifionanin npdgr ediicnttoiennraegzi rflrotawe s.
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ACKNOLWEDGEMENTS
Thaeu twhoourll idtk ote h atnhkfe o llopweirnsfgoo narsd vaicnaeds sisdtuarnitchneeg
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PrfoesDsoonra Cllde lDaenpda,r tomfPe rnotca ensEdsn vironTmeecnhtnaoll ogy,
MassUenyi veCrhsiiSetufyp ,e rvisor.
PreosfsAonrrd eCwl eland, oDefFp oaoTrdet cmhennotMl aosgsyUe,ny i versity,­
Supervisor.
ProfesNsiogre l DBeapnakrsto,mfP e lnaStnc ti eMnacses,Ue nyir vseiStuyp,e rvisor.
Assisfrtoamtn hcfeeo llodwuirntighne egx periampleh natosfte h e phreoljpmeeacdktd e a ta
collection possible:
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IV
T ABLOEFC ONTENTS
Abstract
Acknowledgements
111
Tabolfce o ntents
IV
Liosftfi g ures x
Liosftt a bles
XVI
Chapter
Introduction 1
2 Literature review 4
2.1 Modelplriinngc iples 5
2.1.1F ormulaaptpiroona ch 5
2.1.M2 odceolm plexity 6
2.1.2.1 Timdei sectrisation 6
2.1.2.2 Spadcies cretisation 7
2.2 Overmaoldle lrse forfi gfearcaitleidt ies 7
2.2.S1 teasdtyam toed els 7
9
2.2.D2 ynammiodce ls
2.3 Prodcuocmtp omnoednetl s 12
2.3.P1 rodhuecatttr ansfer 12
2.3.1.1 Heattr anfsosfrie nrpg rloed iutcetm s 12
2.3.1.2 Heattr anfsobfrue lrk sptraocdkuecdt 21
2.3.P2 rodruecstp iration 24
2.3.P3 roducttr amna(ssesfv earp oration) 24
2.4 Non-Prcoodmupcotmn oednetl s 26
2.4.1A isrp amcoed els 26
2.4.1.1 Sinzgolneme o dels 26
2.4.1.2 Multi-mZoodneelds 27
2.4.1.3 Distrimboudteelds 28
v
2.4.B2 uilsdhienlgl 28
2.4.D3 oors 29
2.4.3.1 Aiflro wrtahtreo duogohr s 29
2.4.3.2 Dooorp etni me 30
2.4.E4 quipamnepdne to plloea d 31
2.4.P5 ackaagnisdnt gr uctures 31
2.5 Aicro olciolnmi god els 32
2.5.R1 efrigeranmto-dSeildse 33
2.5.A2 ir-mSoiddeel s 33
3 Priemli ncaornys iderations 36
3.1 S aroyfl iterature 36
umm
3.2 Reseaorbcjhe ctives 36
4 Measuroefma epnpctlo eo lriantge 38
4.1 Indusptrrei-aclotr oilailnsg 38
4..11 Methodology 42
4..12 Experidmeesnitganl 43
4.1.2.1 199T0 rials 43
4.1.2.2 199T1 rials 44
4..12 Results 46
4..13 Discussion 51
4.2 Measurteosm fae pnple rcaotoielnbsi u nlsgkt orage 54
4.2.T1 rioanle 54
4.2.T2 ritawlo 55
4.2.T3 ritahlr ee 55
4.2.D4 iscussion 58
4.3 Carton tcroioallisn g 58
4.3.C1 oolwiintgh voeuntt ilation 59
4.3.l.1 Methodology 59
4.3..21 Resualntddsic sussion 61
VI
4.3.C2o oliwnigt shu ppresssuerdf ahceeat tr ansfer 66
4.3.2.1 Methodology 66
4.3.2.2 Resulatnsdd iscussion 66
4.3.U3n moditciaerdt torni als 73
4.3.3.1 Methodology 73
4.3.3.2 Resulatnsdd iscussion 73
4.3.C4a rtohena ttr ansmfeecrh anisms 73
4.4 Conclusions 79
5 Applcea rtcooonl inmgod eld evelopment 81
5.1 Introduction 81
5.2 Conductmioodne l 82
5.3 Cartomno deflo rmulation 84
53..1 Spacdei scretisation 84
5.3.Z2o nea ifro rmulation 89
53..2.1 Zonea iern erbgayl ance 89
53..2.2 Zonea ihru midibtayl ance 93
53..2.3 Zonea iprr opeervtya luation 95
53..3A ppltee mperaatnudwr eei glhots s 97
53..3.1 Appltee mperature 97
53..3.2 Applwea telro ss 100
53..4C ardbotaerdm peratures 101
53..4.1 Cardboard swuirtfahap cpelse contac1t0 1
53.. 4.2 Cardbosaurrdf aces awpiptlhceoo untt act1 04
53..5N aturaanldf orcceodn vecatiimrvo ev ement 105
5.31. 5. Naturcaoln vectmieocnh anism 105
5.3.5.2 Forcecdo nvectmieocnh anism 108
5.3.5.3 Combinneadt uarnadlf orcceodn vecfltoiwvseI I I
53..6 Radiation 112
5.3.H7e atrta nsfceore fficients 113
53..7.1 Applteo a ihre attr anscfoeerffi cients 113
Vll
53..7.2 Cardbtooaa irrd threaanctso feefrfi cie1n1t4 s
53..7.3 Apptloce a rdbhoeaatrtrd a nsfer c1o1e6ffi cients
5.3.M8o del implementation 116
6 Appclaer mtoodnte els ting 117
6.1 Introduction 117
6.2 Detenrmaitoifop na ramveatleure s 117
6.3 Coolwiintgh voeuntt ilation 121
6.4 Coolwiintsghu pprseusrsfehadec taert a nsfer 123
6.5 Cooloifun ngm odicfiaertdo ns 126
6.6 Cooloifcn agr twointsth hiienn dusctroioalls tore 131
6.7 Genedriaslc ussion 132
6.8 Conclusion 141
7 CoolstSourresv ey 142
7.1 Introduction 142
7.2 Datalosgygsitnegm s 143
7.3 Measureomfae itnret msp erraetluartei,v ea nhvdue omlciidtyi t1y4 5
7.3.M1 ethodology 145
7.3.1.1 Vertpiocsailt ion surveys 145
7.3.1.2 Horizaonntdti amsleu rvey 145
7.3.1.3 Smoktee st 147
7.3.R2 esualntddsi scussion 147
7.3.S3 elecotfmi oodnte ylpf eor ro oami r 152
7.4 Miscellcaonoelosdutasot rae 153
7.4.D1 oours age 153
7.4.F2 loaonrud n dertfleomopre ratures 153
7.4.B3 uilding stheemlple rsautrufraecse 156
7.4.M4 odesle lecftodiroo onar nssd u rfaces 156
8 Coolsmtoodrdeeel v elopment 158
- -- ------------------
Vlll
8.1 Introduction 158
8.2 Zonea ifro nnulation 159
8.3 Interacbteitownez eonn es 162
8.3.A1i rflow 162
8.3.1.1 Combinneadt uarnadlf orcceodn vection1 63
8.3.1.2 Naturcaoln vection 164
8.3.1.3 Forcecdo nvection 165
8.3.E2n ergayn dw atevra pofluorw s 168
8.4 Zonec omponemnotd els 168
8.4.S1u rfamcoed el 168
8.4.F2l oomro del 174
8.4.I3n emratt ermioadle l 176
8.4.P4r odumcotd el 178
8.4.4.1 Produpcrte -coomloidnegl 178
8.4.4.2 Bukl-Satckepdr odumcotd el 184
8.4..34 Netp rodulcotao dn z onaei r 185
8.4.H5e agte nerator model 186
8.4.D6o orM odel 187
8.5 Non-Zocnoem ponent models 190
8.5.A1m biemnotd el 190
8..51.1 Airt emperatures 190
8.5.1.2 Relathiuvmei dity 193
8.5.1.3 Solarra diation 193
8.5.E2v aporamtoodre l 194
8.5.2.1 Heaflto wm odel 194
8.5.2.2 Netfl owr ates thervoaupgohr caotiolrs 196
8.6 Modeilm plementation 197
9 Coolstore mtoedsetli ng 199
9.1 Introduction 199
9.2 Zones ubdivision 199
9.3 Detennionnoa ftp iaramedtaetra 201
9.3.Z1o ned ata 201