Table Of ContentPraise for Mastering Simulation, Second Edition
“Mastering Simulation by Janice Palaganas, Beth Ulrich, and Beth Mancini, is a veritable
treasure trove of useful ideas, practical insights, and underpinning conceptual frameworks that
will help discerning simulation educators improve their practice, programs, and performance.
Drawn from a who’s who of US clinical simulation experts, the second edition’s content is
comprehensive, inclusive, and clearly presented. A welcome and definitive contribution to the
scholarly practice of simulation in healthcare.”
–Ian Curran, BSc, MBBS (London), AKC, FRCA (UK), Pg Dip Med Ed (Distinction), FFPMRCA (UK), FAcadMEd
(UK), FSSH (USA), FRCP Edinburgh, FAOrthoA (Australia), FRCP (London), FAMS (Singapore)
Vice Dean of Education, Duke–NUS Medical School
Co-Director, SingHealth, Duke–NUS, Academic Medical Education Institute
“An inspired vision of how we holistically transform our profession across the continuum of health to
imagine how we fully embrace a world of technology, virtual presence, digital health, avatars, and
adaptive learning—reshaping the economy, our lives, and our humanity. A brilliant work of art and
science that creates a compelling case for a leap of faith into a new reality.”
–Cole Edmonson, DNP, RN, NEA-BC, FACHE, FAONL, FNAP, FAAN
Chief Experience and Clinical Officer, AMN Healthcare
“These renowned editors have thought of everything! From novice to expert simulationists, there is
something for everyone. This book takes the reader through the various stages of simulation design
and application, with considerations for both academic and clinical environments. The chapters on
research, operations, and career building round out an already exceptional book. If you are involved
in simulation, you must have this book on your shelf.”
–Nicole Harder, PhD, RN, CHSE, CCSNE
Assistant Professor, College of Nursing
Mindermar Professor in Human Simulation, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Editor-in-Chief, Clinical Simulation in Nursing
“I have watched the evolution of simulation since my initial exposure as a CPR instructor in the
1980s. The science of simulation has advanced significantly since that time, as demonstrated by the
content of this invaluable text. Whether you are new to simulation or an expert, you will find this
text to be a must-have resource.”
–Kenneth W. Dion, PhD, MSN, MBA, RN, FAAN
Assistant Dean for Business Innovation
Johns Hopkins School of Nursing
Mastering Simulation8x10.indb 1 5/29/20 4:38 PM
“This book draws together the best of healthcare simulation in the United States, but it also reaches
beyond any national boundary. The contributors bring a strong nursing presence and a much-
needed perspective to the wider healthcare arena. Whatever your level of interest and experience in
healthcare simulation, this book has something that will inform you.”
–Debra Nestel, PhD, FAcadMEd, FSSH
Professor of Simulation Education in Healthcare
Monash Institute for Health and Clinical Education
Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences
Monash University
“Mastering Simulation is truly, as the title states, a handbook for success. Too often healthcare
organizations purchase expensive simulation equipment that sits unused. Nursing professional
development practitioners—educators in healthcare settings—need this resource to guide decision-
making before, during, and after equipment purchases. The focus on evaluating impact is essential in
demonstrating the value of educational interventions to the organization.”
–Mary G. Harper, PhD, RN, NPD-BC
Director of Professional Development
Association for Nursing Professional Development
“Simulation is an essential learning method to assist in creating a safe environment for patients.
This book is a comprehensive resource for all clinical educators. I appreciate the recognition that
interprofessional education is crucial to creating a highly reliable organization. A special thank-you to
the authors for dedicating a complete chapter on this topic.”
–Sylvain Trepanier, DNP, DN, CENP, FAONL, FAAN
Chief Clinical Executive
Providence St. Joseph Health, Irvine, California
“The first edition of Mastering Simulation contained all the essentials, but since its publication in
2014, there have been phenomenal advancements in both the art and science of simulation. The
second edition’s editors and authors capture those changes, describe current best practices, and again
provide an essential reference for ‘mastering simulation.’ Perfect timing and a ‘masterful’ job!”
Mary Anne Rizzolo, EdD, RN, FAAN, ANEF, FSSH
Consultant, National League for Nursing
Mastering Simulation8x10.indb 2 5/29/20 4:38 PM
Mastering
Simulation
Second Edition
A Handbook for Success
Janice C. Palaganas, PhD, RN, NP, ANEF, FAAN, FSSH
Beth Tamplet Ulrich, EdD, RN, FACHE, FAONL, FAAN
Mary E. (Beth) Mancini, PhD, RN, NE-BC, FAHA, FSSH, ANEF, FAAN
Mastering Simulation8x10.indb 3 5/29/20 4:38 PM
Copyright © 2020 by Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing
All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the
publisher. Any trademarks, service marks, design rights, or similar rights that are mentioned, used, or cited in this book are the
property of their respective owners. Their use here does not imply that you may use them for a similar or any other purpose.
This book is not intended to be a substitute for the medical advice of a licensed medical professional. The author and publisher have
made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information contained within at the time of its publication and shall have no liability
or responsibility to any person or entity regarding any loss or damage incurred, or alleged to have incurred, directly or indirectly, by
the information contained in this book. The author and publisher make no warranties, express or implied, with respect to its content,
and no warranties may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The author and publisher have no
responsibility for the consistency or accuracy of URLs and content of third-party websites referenced in this book.
Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing (Sigma) is a nonprofit organization whose mission is developing
nurse leaders anywhere to improve healthcare everywhere. Founded in 1922, Sigma has more than 135,000 active members
in over 100 countries and territories. Members include practicing nurses, instructors, researchers, policymakers, entrepreneurs,
and others. Sigma’s more than 540 chapters are located at more than 700 institutions of higher education throughout
Armenia, Australia, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, England, Eswatini, Ghana, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Jamaica,
Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Malawi, Mexico, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Portugal, Puerto Rico,
Scotland, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Sweden, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, the United States, and Wales. Learn
more at www.sigmanursing.org.
Sigma Theta Tau International
550 West North Street
Indianapolis, IN, USA 46202
To order additional books, buy in bulk, or order for corporate use, contact Sigma Marketplace at 888.654.4968 (US and Canada) or
+1.317.634.8171 (outside US and Canada).
To request a review copy for course adoption, email [email protected] or call 888.654.4968 (US and Canada) or
+1.317.634.8171 (outside US and Canada).
To request author information, or for speaker or other media requests, contact Sigma Marketing at 888.634.7575 (US and Canada) or
+1.317.634.8171 (outside US and Canada).
ISBN: 9781948057332
EPUB ISBN: 9781948057349
PDF ISBN: 9781948057356
MOBI ISBN: 9781948057363
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
LCCN: 2020023406
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
First Printing, 2020
Publisher: Dustin Sullivan Managing Editor: Carla Hall
Acquisitions Editor: Emily Hatch Publications Specialist: Todd Lothery
Development Editor: Kate Shoup Project Editor: Todd Lothery
Cover Designer: Michael Tanamachi Copy Editors: Erin Geile, Todd Lothery
Interior Design/Page Layout: Rebecca Batchelor Proofreaders: Jane Palmer, Gill Editorial Services
Indexer: Joy Dean Lee
Mastering Simulation8x10.indb 4 5/29/20 4:38 PM
Ancillary Materials, Free Downloads, and Additional Book
Materials
Find more information about ancillary materials, free downloads, and any additional book-related
materials, go to https://www.sigmanursing.org/MasteringSimulation2.
You can also access these additional materials through the QR codes placed alongside the web link
or URL. A QR Code is a two-dimensional barcode that contains information about an item. It can be
scanned on a smartphone with a camera, sometimes requiring a mobile app.
Mastering Simulation8x10.indb 5 5/29/20 4:38 PM
Dedications
To my students, who teach me how to take theory to practice, challenge me to think outside the box,
teach me how to be a better educator, and make me a better person through our learning together.
To our readers, I hope that you’ll take what you need from this book and apply it in ways that move
patient safety forward.
To my daughter Jianna, my son Jayden, and my brother Gerr, who challenge and inspire my
thinking and being every day.
–Janice C. Palaganas, PhD, RN, NP, ANEF, FAAN, FSSH
To my colleagues who see no boundaries to the contributions that the nursing profession can make, who
lead us into bold new worlds, and who day after day serve as vocal patient advocates—and, when
necessary, as the last line of defense to ensure that patients receive safe, high-quality care.
To my daughter Blythe, who inspires me in so many ways; my grandson Henry, through whose eyes I see
new wonder in the world every day; and my husband Walter,
who supports even my craziest ideas and projects.
–Beth Tamplet Ulrich, EdD, RN, FACHE, FAONL, FAAN
To David, Laura, Jake, Carla, and Michael: love you forever; love you for always.
–Mary E. (Beth) Mancini, PhD, RN, NE-BC, FAHA, FSSH, ANEF, FAAN
Mastering Simulation8x10.indb 6 5/29/20 4:38 PM
Acknowledgments
It takes a lot of people with many different sets of knowledge and skills to create a book such as this
one. Thanks first and foremost to our wonderful contributors. They are experts and leaders in the use of
simulation in healthcare education and practice, and we very much appreciate their willingness to share
their knowledge and expertise. Thanks to Carla Hall, Managing Editor extraordinaire, and the fantastic
Sigma staff, who inspire, plan, nag (when needed), organize, encourage, create, facilitate, and so much
more—all to turn an idea into a book that benefits nurses and ultimately their patients.
Mastering Simulation8x10.indb 7 5/29/20 4:38 PM
About the Authors
Janice C. Palaganas, PhD, RN, NP, ANEF, FAAN, FSSH
Janice C. Palaganas is the Director of Educational Innovation and Development for the Center
for Medical Simulation in Boston, Massachusetts, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Pain
Management, Harvard Medical School. She is also Associate Professor in Interprofessional Studies
and Associate Director of the PhD Health Profession Programs at the Massachusetts General Hospital
(MGH) Institute of Health Professions. Palaganas received her bachelor of science in nursing and
two master’s degrees—adult nurse practitioner and geriatric nurse practitioner—from the University
of Pennsylvania. She earned her PhD in nursing from Loma Linda University, where she explored
healthcare simulation as a platform for interprofessional education.
Palaganas has developed a passion for teamwork from her background as an emergency nurse,
trauma nurse practitioner, director of emergency and critical care services, and faculty for schools of
medicine, nursing, allied health, management, a physician assistant program, and emergency medicine.
As a behavioral scientist and former clinical nurse and hospital administrator, Palaganas focuses on
using healthcare simulation as a platform for interprofessional education (IPE). She has served as a
committee member for the publication of the National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of
Medicine) report on measuring the impact of IPE on practice. Palaganas’s primary role is to develop
health profession educators in an IPE setting. She previously led the Center for Medical Simulation
instructor course, which teaches simulation to educators all over the world. She developed the Center
for Medical Simulation Interprofessional Virtual Campus as the principal investigator of a board grant
awarded by the Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation. She is currently the chair of the Credentialing Commission
for the Society for Simulation in Healthcare (SSH), overseeing the Accreditation, Certification, and
Fellows Academy.
Palaganas has shaped the field of simulation, leading the development of the SSH’s accreditation and
certification programs; served as Editor-in-Chief for the SSH’s first textbook, Defining Excellence in
Simulation Programs; authored seminal articles; and coauthored field-changing research, including
the National League for Nursing (NLN) study for high-stakes assessment using simulation. As the
Associate Director of PhD Programs for Health Professions Education at MGH Institute of Health
Professions, she has led the development and the launch of the first PhD Program in Simulation and in
IPE. She has been invited as a keynote speaker for numerous national and international conferences.
Beth Tamplet Ulrich, EdD, RN, FACHE, FAONL, FAAN
Beth Tamplet Ulrich is a nationally recognized thought leader known for her research in nursing
work environments and the experiences of new graduate nurses as they transition from nursing
school into the workforce. Ulrich is also recognized for her leadership in developing the roles of
nephrology nurses and improving the care of nephrology patients. Ulrich has extensive experience as
a healthcare executive, educator, and researcher. She currently serves as Professor at the Cizik School
of Nursing at the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, where she teaches in the
Mastering Simulation8x10.indb 8 5/29/20 4:38 PM
