Marsilius of Inghen: Treatises on the Properties of Terms: A First Critical Edition of the Suppositiones, Ampliationes, Appellationes, Restrictiones and Alienationes with Introduction, Translation, Notes and Appendices

277 Pages·1983·24.66 MB·English

by  Egbert P. Bos (auth.)

MARSILIUS OF INGHEN:
TREATISES ON THE PROPERTIES OF TERMS
SYNTHESE HISTORICAL LIBRARY
TEXTS AND STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF
LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY
Editors:
N. KRETZMANN, Cornell University
G. NUCHELMANS, University 0/L eyden
L. M. DE RUK, University 0/L eyden
Editorial Board:
J. BERG,Munich Institute o/Technology
F. DEL PUNTA, University o/Pisa
D. P. HENRY, University o/Manchester
J. HINTIKKA, Florida State University, Tallahassee
B. MATES, University o/California, Berkeley
J. E. MURDOCH, Harvard University
G. PATZIG. University 0/G6ttingen
VOLUME 22
MARSILIUS OF INGHEN:
TREATISES ON
THE PROPERTIES
OF TERMS
A First Critical Edition of the
Suppositiones, Ampliationes, Appeliationes,
Restrictiones and Alienationes
with Introduction, Translation, Notes
and Appendices
by
EGBERT P. BOS
Department of Philosophy, University of Leyden
D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY
A MEMBER OF THE KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP
DORDRECHT/BOSTON/LANCASTER
library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Marsilius, of Inghen, d. 1396.
Treatises on the properties of terms.
(Synthese historica1library; v. 22)
Bibliography: p.
Includes indexes.
1. Logic-Early works to 1800. 2. Semantics-Early works to
1800. I. Bos,EgbertP.,1947- II. Title. III. Series.
B765.M32E5 1983 160 83-15976
ISBN -13 :978-94-009-6948-3 e-ISBN-13 :978-94-009-6946-9
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-6946-9
Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Holland.
Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada
by Kluwer Academic Publishers,
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In all other countries, sold and distributed
by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group,
P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, Holland.
All Rights Reserved
© 1983 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1983
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner
To my wife,
Tineke
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix
I. INTRODUCTION
1. Preliminary Remarks 3
2. Marsilius of Inghen's Life and Works 6
2.1. Resume of his Life and Dating of his Works on Logic 6
2.2. Other Works 9
3. Marsilius'Teachings 17
4. Conspectus of the Manuscripts, Incunabula and Post-Incunabula 21
4.1. Conspectus of the Texts 22
4.2. Conspectus of the Commentaries on Marsilius' Treatises 27
5. The Establishment of the Present Edition 33
5.1. The Basis of this Edition 33
5.2. The Different Versions 35
5.3. The Present Edition 39
5.3.1. Orthography 41
5.3.2. Specimen Complete Collation of One Passage from
Marsilius' Text 41
6. Title of the Treatises 44
II. TEXT AND TRANSLATION
List of Signs 51
1. Suppositiones 52
2. Ampliationes 98
3. Appellationes 128
4. Restrictiones; Alienationes 160
Apparatus Criticus 164
III. NOTES TO THE TEXT
1. Notes to the Suppositiones 189
2. Notes to the Ampliationes 211
3. Notes to the Appellationes 221
4. Notes to the Restrictiones and Alienationes 230
vii
viii T ABLE OF CONTENTS
IV. APPENDICES
1. Two Anonymous Definitions of Alienatio Added to Marsilius' Text 234
2. (Anonymi Restrictiones) 238
3. Marsilius' View on Suppositio naturalis 247
4. Points of Difference Between Marsilius of Inghen's Treatises on
the Properties of Terms with Buridan's Theory 254
BIBLIOGRAPHY 255
INDEXES TO THE LATIN TEXT 262
INDEXES TO THE INTRODUCTION, NOTES, AND APPENDICES 266
INDEX OF MANUSCRIPTS 274
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
A fIrst and almost identical version of this study was presented as a Ph.D.
thesis at the State University of Leyden.
It gives me great pleasure to acknowledge my indebtedness to Professor
L. M. de Rijk (Leyden), who, fIrst of all, aroused my interest in the subject
matter and, further, gave many valuable and substantive comments and
criticisms.
I should also like to thank Professors G. Nuchelmans (Leyden) and the late
J. Pinborg (Copenhagen), who provided much support, both general and
special.
PART 1
INTRODUCTION
1. PRELIMINARY REMARKS
In this study I present an edition, together with translation and commentary,
of five of the treatises on logic by the fourteenth~entury philosopher Mar
silius of Inghen, which form part of what is called by fIfteenth-and sixteenth
century commentators the Parva Logicalia ('Minor Logical Matters', cf.
Boehner (1952:9, note 15) and also below, p. 44 f.). In addition to the
treatises discussed in this volume, namely those on Suppositions, Amplia
tions, Appellations, Restrictions, and Alienations, the Parva LogicaZia also
include treatises on 'Inferences' (consequentie), 'Obligations in Disputations'
(obligationes) and 'Paradoxes of Self-Reference' (insolubilia). The latter I
hope to edit in the near future.
In my opinion, the main objective of a student of the history of logic and
semantics should be to understand the theories which have come down to
him from the past. On the one hand, this must include knowledge of the
historical background of a past philosopher's views, i.e., their location in the
history of philosophy. On the other, it necessitates the use of modem tools,
for one should not condemn a specific theory without good reason. Or in
other words, one should be careful not to reject a specific view until one is
convinced that the study of the question does not lead to the answer given by
a philosopher of the past. In this way the student can profit from the results
of the inquiries by the philosophers of the past and will reduce the risks of
framing theories that have already been worked out before. In short, a new
generation should not ignore the theories of preceding generations.
This objective presupposes the possibility of a real comparison and a real
discussion with older theories. In fact, I do not believe that one period of
the past is so utterly different from another as to render such a comparison
impossible. In the field of logic and semantics, the main types of questions
and solutions have remained remarkably similar (as Nucheimans, 1973:V,
says). And even if a particular theory from the past is no longer useful, one
can reformulate the relevant questions perfectly well.
As far as logic is concerned, I think the study of the history of this subject
in the Middle Ages may be very fruitful, especially by taking advantage of
the technical apparatus of modem formal logic. Some time ago, Moody
(1953: 10) pointed out that the various themes of modem logic already
3