Marine mammal bycatch in gillnet and other entangling net fisheries, 1990 to 2011

40 Pages·2013·1.48 MB·English

The following supplement accompanies the article
REVIEW
Marine mammal bycatch in gillnet and other entangling net
fisheries, 1990 to 2011
Randall R. Reeves1, Kate McClellan2,3,*, Timothy B. Werner2,4
1Okapi Wildlife Associates, 27 Chandler Lane, Hudson, Quebec J0P 1H0, Canada
2Consortium for Wildlife Bycatch Reduction, John H. Prescott Marine Laboratory, New England Aquarium,
Central Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
3Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
4Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Endangered Species Research 20: 71–97 (2013)
Supplement. The Supplement contains the complete tables compiled for this study. The
Literature Cited section provides the references for tables in both the main paper and this
supplement
Table S1. All odontocete bycatch mortality in gillnets before 1990 (from IWC 1994) and from 1990 to 2010. Pre-1990
numbers are annual estimates determined by 1990 IWC workshop participants. Numbers for 1990 to 2010 are generally
not annual, but rather counts or estimates (as given in the source documents) for 1 yr (single number), totals over a
range of years (a), or a range of annual numbers over a range of years (b) in some instances with a count for the low end
and an estimate for the high end; thus, a number and dash appear in the Count column and a number with no
punctuation in the Estimate column). Source numbers refer to the 'Literature Cited' at the end of this supplement. Note
that numbers are as reported in the literature and, therefore, for most species and areas, they are negatively biased to an
unknown but often probably large degree. Unk.: unknown; no information available; NA: not applicable
Pre– 1990–2010
Species Location Years/Notes Sources
1990 Count Estimate
Delphinidae
Undifferentiated NA <5– 45b 1990–2001 25, 146
Southwest Pacific
Delphinus spp.
Southeast Pacific NA 93 1990 530
South Korea NA 8–136b 2001–2007 22–24, 498–501
Japan NA 1– 1035b 1990–1994 285, 368–371
25, 26, 28, 103,
215, 218, 228,
Delphinus delphis Australia >1000 1–15b 1990–2009 230, 232, 288,
420, 425, 426,
429, 430, 538
New Zealand NA 14a 1998–2008 191, 504
Japan Some <2b 1994–95 284, 285
Ecuador NA 1118 1993 198
Peru >50 116a 2005–2007 344
Brazil Some 1a 1991–1993 168
Ghana NA 1a 1998–2000 393
72, 261, 401,
211– 518, 520, 543–
Northwest Atlantic 11–893b 1990–2009
422 547, 549–551,
553, 554
51, 86, 87, 131,
190, 227, 251,
260, 262, 263,
321, 323, 386–
European Atlantic Some 1– 2522b 1990–2009 388, 390, 447,
456, 457, 459,
461, 470, 485,
486, 496, 497,
509, 511
2002–2003;
10,000
represents
1823.5 –
Strait of Gibraltar NA combined short– 260, 516
>10,000
beaked common
and striped
dolphins
7, 132–144,
Mediterranean 400 144–183 1990–2005
209, 481, 486
3, 94, 96, 391,
D. d. ponticus Black Sea NA 1–297b 1968–2008
414, 433
9, 344, 525,
Delphinus capensis Peru < 50 7– 1186b 1991–2008
530, 531
Gulf of California > 50 43 2005 417
69, 117, 122–
US West Coast >50 5–39b 1992–2008
124, 207
China and Taiwan NA <1b 1999–2001 153, 420
Indian Ocean >1000
India NA <2b 2004–06 305, 564
Oman NA 1 2002 355
South Africa 33 10–40b 2001–05 395–399
Ghana NA <10b 1998–2008 177, 393
Western Pacific, 18, 153, 172,
Lagenodelphis hosei Indian, and Eastern Some 1– 31b 1991–2005 177, 188, 393,
Atlantic 540, 555
Lagenorhynchus 205, 377, 378,
North Atlantic Some 1– 15b 1990–2007
albirostris 380, 381, 382
72a, 205, 251,
401, 461, 497,
Lagenorhynchus 1990–2009;
North Atlantic <5 1– 240b 503, 520, 541–
acutus mostly western
545, 548–552,
554
22, 23, 39, 68,
North Pacific
69, 123–125,
Lagenorhynchus (Canada, United
11,000 1– 4519b 1990–2006 208, 255, 368,
obliquidens States, South Korea,
369, 491, 498–
Japan, Russia)
501, 559
Lagenorhynchus
South Africa Some 6 1986–1998 90
obscurus obscurus
343, 345, 525,
L. o. fitzroyi Peru >1800 2– 1284b 1990–2008
530, 531
L. o. unnamed
New Zealand 20–50 <1 1990–2009 129, 151, 152
subspecies

Lagenorhynchus Low
South America Some 1994–1997 224, 325
australis 10s

2
Lagenorhynchus
All NA Unk.
cruciger
65, 195, 218,
Stenella attenuata Australia > 130 <5b 1993–2009
245
Philippines Some Yes 1991 188
Taiwan NA 300 1993 153, 540
Colombia NA Yes 1993 362
Ecuador Some 2– 26b 1993–2009 128, 198
Brazil NA <1b 2002–2006 166, 452
Ghana NA 1–14b 1998–2004 177, 393
17, 18, 292,
East Africa NA <10a 2000–2006
440, 441
Northern Indian
>1500
Ocea
India NA 193 1991 172
Sri Lanka NA <1b 2004–2006 305, 564
Malaysia NA Probable 1997–2004 273
182, 183, 348,
Stenella frontalis Brazil Some <10b 1990–2005
422, 567
Northwest Atlantic 13-26 Unk.
Caribbean 1 Unk.
Ghana NA <5b 1998–2003 177, 393
65, 103, 216–
Stenella longirostris Southwest Pacific >1000 5a 1999–2009 218, 228, 232,
233
Peru NA Yes 1991–1998 343
204, 348, 425,
Brazil NA <1b 1990–2009
567
Venezuela 1 Yes 1997 463
Ghana NA <5b 1998–2002 144, 393
Madagascar NA 15 2000–2005 435
Zanzibar NA 1–>50b 1995–2008 16, 17, 440, 441
India Some 3–17b 1993–2006 305, 434, 564
Sri Lanka > 4000 1621 1991 172
Taiwan and
Some >18b 1991–2001 153, 188, 420
Philippines
Australiasia > 1000
165–167, 422,
Stenella clymene Brazil NA <10b 1994–2004
567
Venezuela 1 Yes 1997 463
Ghana NA 1–31b 1998–2008 177, 393
Stenella 72a, 518, 549,
US East Coast 22-44 2–57b 1990–1998
coeruleoalba 551, 553
167, 168, 422,
Brazil NA <1b 1990–2002
567
51, 87, 131,
190, 227, 251,
Northeast Atlantic Some 1– 1793b 1990–2008
262, 263, 461,
470, 496
2003; combined
short–
Strait of Gibraltar NA >10,000 beaked common 516
and striped
dolphins
2, 64, 102, 104,
132–144, 184–
5000–
Mediterranean Sea 1– 1800b 1990–2008 186, 192, 209,
10,000
210, 260, 261,
268, 269, 289,
3
321, 347, 357,
366, 407, 411,
481, 486, 517
Sri Lanka > 700 200 1991 172
285, 286, 420,
Northwest Pacific Some 3–80b 1990–1999
561
US West Coast NA 6 1994 67
25, 27, 230,
Undifferentiated
Australia NA <5b 1990–2007 232, 245, 334,
Tursiops sp.
429, 430
72a, 401, 518,
Tursiops truncatus US East Coast Some 14–340b 1990–2008 520, 541–545,
551–553
2, 132–144,
110– 185, 209, 260,
Mediterranean Sea 1– 35b 1991–2008
455 261, 289, 338,
407, 481
27, 28, 103,
215, 216, 228,
Southwest Pacific >1700 10a 1993–2007
232, 288, 425,
429, 430
22, 153, 420,
Northwest Pacific Some <5 1999–2005
498, 501
343, 345, 525,
Peru NA 1– 311b 1990–2008
530, 531
Ecuador NA 2 2009 128
Venezuela Some Yes 463
98, 108, 165,
167, 168, 183,
Brazil Some 1–11b 1990–2005
193, 212, 422,
567
Ghana <10 <10 1994–2010 177, 393
16–18, 175,
East Africa 11-44 1– 300b 1993–2008 292, 435, 439–
441
1, 3, 94, 96,
223, 261, 391,
T. t. ponticus Black Sea Unk. 1– 1500b 1990–2009
406, 414, 433,
507
15–19, 292,
Tursiops aduncus Southeast Africa NA 22–50b 1995–2008 373, 395–399,
439, 440
India NA 5a 2004–2006 305, 564
Malaysia NA Probable 1997–2004 273
Taiwan NA Yes 1999–2001 153, 420
Australia NA <2b 2002–2009 218, 334
85, 224, 226,
270, 474, 478,
Cephalorhynchus
South America Some 1– 179b 1993–2009 479, Goodall
commersonii
pers comm.
2011
Cephalorhynchus 106,171, 400,
All (Chile) Some 116a 1989–91
eutropia 437, 444
Cephalorhynchus All (Southwest
Some Unk.
heavisidii Africa)
Cephalorhynchus 60, 130, 146–
All (New Zealand) 27–95 1–20b 1990–2009
hectori 152, 191
All (North Island,
C. h. maui NA >10a 2001–03
New Zealand) 146–148, 171
4
Lissodelphis 9,000–
Northwest Pacific 19,000 1990–1994 368–370, 505
borealis 19,000b
68, 69, 122–
US West Coast Some 5–71b 1991–2008
124, 207
Lissodelphis peronii Peru >5 1a 1990 445
Chile NA 2 1990 527
Feresa attenuata Sri Lanka >170 50a 1991–1992 172
Philippines NA Yes 1991 188
Brazil NA 1 2005 348
Ghana NA 1 2005 177
Central North Pacific Some Unk
Peru Some Unk.
72a, 518, 520,
Undifferentiated
US East Coast 54-108 9–132 1990–1998 549, 551, 553,
Globicephala spp.
554
51, 251, 337,
European Atlantic NA 1– 59 1993–2009
449
64, 131–144,
Globicephala melas Mediterranean Sea 50–100 1– 132b 1986–2003
189
78, 227, 461,
North Atlantic NA 1– 14b 1990–2001
503
Taiwan NA Yes 1999–2001 153
G. m. edwardii Brazil NA <3b 1990–1993 566, 567
Peru NA Yes 1991 343
Globicephala
Indian Ocean >100 <1b –2008 292
macrorhynchus
Ghana NA 1–12b 1994–2010 177, 393
South America < 10 2–117b 1990–1993 198, 445, 530
Taiwan NA 30 1993 540
Japan >10 Unk.
California Some Unk.
Peru <10 Unk.
72a, 401, 518,
1.5–
Grampus griseus Northwest Atlantic 76-152 1990–2007 520, 543, 545,
144b
549, 552, 553
Ireland NA 17a 1996, 1998 251, 461
France NA 7 1993 227, 263
Spain NA 3 2004 323
132–144, 185,
Mediterranean Sea 30–100 1– 79b 1990–2003 261, 407, 411,
481, 517
Ghana NA <5b 1998–2008 177, 393
Zanzibar NA <20a 2000–2006 17, 18, 440, 441
India NA 4a 2004–2006 305, 564
Sri Lanka >1300 123 1991 172
22, 188, 327,
Northwest Pacific Some 1– 180b 1991–2005 494, 498–501,
540, 561, 568
68, 69, 122–
Northeast Pacific Some 6–42b 1991–2008
124, 207
Peru 1 <1b 1992–2007 345, 530
Ecuador NA 2 2009 128
57, 58, 73, 75,
All (Bangladesh,
76, 178, 273,
Mahakam River,
Orcaella 303, 304, 346,
Malampaya Sound, Some 1–32b 1990–2007
brevirostris 436, 492, 493,
Mekong River, and
495
Songkhla Lake)

5
28, 228, 230,
Orcaella heinsohni Australia NA <5b 1993–2007 232, 233, 245,
425, 426
All (Global 33, 118,189,
Orcinus orca Some 1– 6b 1993–2004
distribution) 393, 498, 501
Peponocephala 172, 177, 188,
All (Circumtropical) <10 1–73 1992–2008
electra 292, 348, 393
Pseudorca
Sri Lanka >125 33 1991–1992 172
crassidens
India NA 2 1992 283
China and Japan Some Unk.
Australia >11 1 2001 429
South America Some <1 1990–1997 183, 343, 463
Ghana NA <5b 1998–2003 177, 393
Sousa teuszii West Africa Some 1 2008 157, 556
25–28, 214–
216, 228, 230,
Sousa chinensis Australia > 100 <10b 1990–2007
245, 334, 425,
429, 430
Indian Ocean Some Unk.
Hong Kong NA 3a 1995–2004 274
Malaysia NA Yes 1997 273
India NA <2b 2004–2006 305, 564
Kenya NA Yes 2008 292
Zanzibar NA 1–5b 1995–2008 15–18, 439–441
Mozambique NA Yes 1997–2008 242, 292
Madagascar NA 12a 2000–05 435
South Africa 7.5 <10 1990–2005 53, 396–399
All (Amazon River
Sotalia fluviatilis >90 <2b 1996–2007 412, 422, 451
basin)
30, 56, 77, 98,
All (Coastal marine 160, 165–167,
in Northern South 174, 182, 183,
Sotalia guianensis NA 3– 115b 2003–2009
America and Central 193, 202, 204,
America) 350, 359, 422,
423, 451, 567
166–168, 177,
South Atlantic
Steno bredanensis Some 1–6b 1990–2010 183, 359, 393,
(Ghana, Brazil)
422, 560
Sri Lanka >50 35 1991 172
Taiwan NA Yes 1999–2001 153, 420
Mediterranean Some Unk.
Phocoenidae
72a, 97, 105,
205, 261, 311,
100s– 237–
Phocoena phocoena Northwest Atlantic 1990–2009 324, 401, 512–
1000s 2900b
514, 518, 519,
541–554
pre–1998–2008;
6900 is an 100, 236, 237,
Norway/Barents Sea 100 26– 6900b
annual estimate 383,
for 2006–2008
50, 190, 258,
266, 264, 282,
320, 321, 323,
European Atlantic
Some 1– 1497b 1990–2010 364, 387–390,
(other than Norway)
446–448, 454,
458–460, 470,
481, 510
6
39, 40, 42–49,
173, 180, 185,
100– 240– 207, 247, 248,
North Sea 1990–2009
700 >8000b 266, 310–314,
449–451, 490,
536
40–49, 79–84,
114, 199, 200,
Kattegat, Skagerrak, 236, 251, 282,
200 8– >200b 1990–2007
and Baltic Seas 295–301, 306,
383, 468,481,
490, 535
1, 3, 94–96,
223, 261, 391,
P. p. relicta Black Sea NA 6– 100sb 1990–2008
406, 414, 433,
506–508
68–70, 115,
119, 120, 123,
P. p. vomerina US West Coast 20-300 2– 136b 1990–2008
125, 126, 206,
208, 519
2-low 13, 31, 35, 36,
Alaska 1– 51b 1990–2008
tens 201, 255, 491
239, 240, 246,
British Columbia Some 2– 146b 1991–2005
559
P. p. unnamed 21, 23, 498–501
South Korea NA 16–80b 2001–2006
subspecies
Russia NA 11–199b 1992–2008 39
22, 23, 52, 153,
All (Northern Indian
156, 272, 273,
Ocean and
Neophocaena spp. Some 1– 2131.5b 1990–2006 280, 305, 420,
Northwestern
493, 494, 498–
Pacific)
501, 561, 569
All (Northern Gulf 163, 164, 415,
Phocoena sinus 30–40 2– 168 1990–2004
of California) 416, 462, 533
Phocoena dioptrica Argentina Unk. 6 2006 478
>450 9, 343, 344,
Phocoena
Peru with 10– >200 1990–2008 444, 445, 525,
spinipinnis
Chile 530, 531
>450
Chile with 134 1989–1991 400
Peru
Argentina >12 <10b 2001–2006 475, 477, 478
39, 285, 296,
741– 400–
Phocoenoides dalli Northwest Pacific 1992–2008 368–371, 498,
4187 2500
499, 501
34, 68, 69, 122,
201, 207, 239,
Northeast Pacific NA 1– 97b 1990–2005
240, 246, 255,
491, 559
Iniidae
Inia g.
Amazon River Some 26a 1990–2004 165, 167, 515
geoffrensis
I. g. Amazon River,
NA Some 1998–1999 10
boliviensis Bolivia
30, 107, 108,
Rio de Janeiro and 163, 177, 182,
Pontoporiidae Espirito Santo (FMA NA 1–110b 1990–2009 183, 199, 204,
I) 472

7
88, 89, 98, 158,
162, 165, 166,
Santa Catarina to
NA 1– 500b 1990–2007 167, 193, 404,
Sao Paulo (FMA II)
423, 424, 451,
464, 465, 472
5, 30, 159, 160,
165–168, 204,
Rio Grande do Sul 211, 291, 342,
and Uruguay (FMA 90 1– 990b 1990–2010 350, 363, 402–
III) 404, 424, 425,
431, 451, 452,
471–473, 566
101, 179, 472,
92–
Argentina (IV) >230 2001–2009 474–476, 478,
<2000b
479
Brahmaputra River,
Platanistidae Some 10–60b 1993–2004 71, 346, 537
India
Monodontidae
Monodon
All (Atlantic Arctic) NA Unk.
monoceros
Delphinapterus
Alaska <30 <10 1990–2009 13, 254, 255
leucas
69, 112, 128,
152, 172, 177,
All (Global tropical
Kogiidae Some 1–30b 1990–2009 198, 234, 420,
and warm temperate)
422, 528, 540,
551, 567
Physeteridae
Physeter 72a, 227, 264,
North Atlantic NA 1–7b 1992–1996
macrocephalus 459, 520
184, 185, 312,
Mediterranean Sea 20–30 >100 1986–2000
366, 408
Brazil NA Yes 1990–1998 422, 567
Ecuador NA 1–3b 1994–1996 196
Sri Lanka <1 Unk.
Northwest Atlantic Some 1 1995 286
Low
Northeast Atlantic Unk.
tens
39, 69, 110,
129, 132–145,
161, 172, 177,
10s–
Ziphiidae All (Global) Some 1990–2009 185, 189, 376,
100s
444, 445, 498–
500, 519, 520,
530, 540
Beradius arnuxii All Some Unk.
Beradius bairdii All Some
South Korea NA <1b 2001–2003 498, 500
Hyperdon
North Atlantic Some <1b 2001–2008 161, 376
ampullatus
Hyperdon planifrons All Some Unk.
Indopacetus
Sri Lanka NA 3 1991 172
pacificus
Mesoplodon hectori All NA Unk.
Mesoplodon mirus All NA Unk.
Mesoplodon
All NA Unk.
europaeus
Mesoplodon bidens Northwest Atlantic NA Yes 1990 519
Mesoplodon grayi New Zealand NA 1 1993 189
8
Mesoplodon
Peru Some 1–3b 1990–1993 444, 445, 530
peruvianus
Mesoplodon
All NA Unk.
bowdoini
Mesoplodon
All NA Unk.
traversii
Mesoplodon Low
US West Coast 11–22b 1992–1994 69
carlhubbsi tens
Mesoplodon
All NA Unk.
ginkgodens
Mesoplodon
US West Coast NA 6 1994 69
stejnegeri
South Korea NA <5b 2002–2003 499, 500
Mesoplodon layardii All NA Unk.
Mesoplodon
Taiwan NA Yes 2000 540
densirostris
Sri Lanka Some Unk.
Mesoplodon perrini All NA Unk.
Tasmacetus
All NA Unk.
shepherdi
Low
Ziphius cavirostris US West Coast Unk. 22–44b 1992–1995 69
tens
Russia NA 1–12b 1992–2008 40
Taiwan NA Yes 2000 540
Sri Lanka <1 Unk.
110, 132–145,
Mediterranean Sea <10 1–2b 1990–2009
185, 222
Ghana NA 1 1994 177
25–29, 103,
Unknown 214–216, 227,
Australia 1– 73b 1990–2009
Odontocetes 228, 232, 235,
334, 425, 426
Philippines 568 1991 188
570–
Taiwan 1993–2004 420, 540
41,000b
China <913 1994 562
Hong Kong 1 2004 257
286, 368–370,
Japan 2– 664b 1990–1996
523
South Korea 1–3 2002–2007 22, 23, 499–501
British Columbia 1 2001 246
Colombia 10 1991 77
9, 344, 345,
Peru 4– 20,000b 1990–2004 445, 525, 530,
531
165, 182, 183,
Brazil 1–162b 1991–2004 419, 423, 424,
451
Venezuela 5000 1990 463
131, 227, 251,
262, 263, 338,
European Atlantic 1– 1754 1992–2009
377–384, 394,
461, 497
Mediterranean Sea 1– 62b 1991–2007 4, 109, 185, 481
Black Sea 5 2009 508
Ghana 1–12b 2000–2007 177
South Africa 1–2b 1996–2002 396
Mayotte 2 1997 432
9
Zanzibar 4–19b 1995–2000 16, 17
Sri Lanka 175 1991 172
Myanmar <5b 1995–2005 522
Cambodia 50 2001 74
Mekong River 1 2001 73
Malaysia 1017 1997 273
Table S2. All mysticete bycatch mortality in gillnets before 1990 (from IWC 1994) and from 1990 to 2010.
Pre-1990 numbers are annual estimates determined by 1990 IWC workshop participants. Numbers for 1990 to
2010 are generally not annual but rather counts or estimates (as given in the source documents) for 1 yr
(single number), totals over a range of years (a), or a range of annual numbers over a range of years (b) in
some instances with a count for the low end and an estimate for the high end). Source numbers refer to the
'Literature Cited' at the end of this supplement. Note that numbers are as reported in the literature and,
therefore, for most species and areas, they are negatively biased to an unknown, but often probably large
degree. Unk.: unknown, no information available; NA: not applicable
Pre– 1990–
Species Location Years/Notes Sources
1990 2010
Balaenidae
All (Arctic and sub–
Balaena mysticetus NA Unk.
Arctic)
72a, 219,
Eubalaena glacialis All (Northwest Atlantic) <1 <4b 1990–2006 275, 326,
544, 554
Eubalaena japonica All (North Pacific) <1 Unk.
Eubalaena australis Australia NA 1,3 1993, 1995 27, 426
New Zealand < 1 Unk.
South Africa <1 1 2000 352
Brazil NA 1,6 2003, 2010 167, 427
Balaenopteridae
Balaenoptera
European Atlantic NA 1 1992, 1995 131, 449
physalus
Mediterranean Sea <1 <1b 1986–1999 185, 392
Northwest Atlantic < 1 Unk.
South Korea 1 2002 499
Northern Indian Ocean <1 Unk.
All (North Atlantic, North
Balaenoptera
Pacific, and Southern NA Unk.
borealis
Hemisphere)
Balaenoptera edeni Brazil <1 1 2005 193
Oman NA 1 2000, 2001 356
All (Southern Japan to
Balaenoptera omurai Indonesia and Papua New NA Unk.
Guinea)
Balaenoptera
All (Global except Arctic) NA Unk.
musculus
Balaenoptera
Chile NA 1 2004 180
acutorostrata
385, 445,
Peru NA 1 1991, 1993
529
Togo NA 1 1999 480
87, 249,
B. b. acutorostrata Northeast Atlantic Some <1b 1993–2005
263, 534
450, 468,
Mediterranean Sea < 4 <1b 1998–2004
516
66, 72a,
Northwest Atlantic 10–20 1–10b 1990–2009 205, 277,
278, 313,
10