MADRAS GOVERNMENT MUSEUM GUIDE TO THE INVERTEBRATE GALLERIES

2006·35.4 MB·English

by  S. T. Satyamurti

MADRAS GOVERNMENT MUSEUM
GUIDE TO THE
INVERTEBRATE GALLERIES
By
S.T. SATVAMURTI, M.A., D.sc., F.Z.S
Director of Museums,
Government Museum, Madras.
Published by
Director of Museums
Government of Tamil Nadu

MADR~S GOVERNMENT MUSEUM
GUIDE TO THE INVERTEBRATE GALLERIES
By
S. T. SATYAMeRTI, M.A., D., se, F.z.s.
Director of Museums, Gm'erllmellt MWleum, Madras
©
DIRECTOR OF MUSEUMS
2006
PRINTED AT CENTRAL PRESS, CHE1\.TNAI
GOVER.~MENT
GlIDE To THE b\ERTEBRAn.: GALLERIES
CONTENTS
Pages
Introduction 7
Phylum Protozoa (one-celle~ animals) 15
PhyllUTI Mesozoa (multicellu1ar Or tissue animals) 21
Phy lum porifera( sponges) 21
Phylum Coelenterata (hydroids, jellyfishes. 28
corals etc.)
class Hydrozoa (Hydro ids) 30
Class Scyphozoa (Jellyfishes).. 31
Class Anthozoa (sea anemones. corals. etc.).. 33
PhyllUTI Ctenophora (comb jellies) 49
Phylum Platyhelminthes (flat worms) 50
Class Turbellaria (free-living flat wom1s) 50
Class Trematoda (flukes) 52
class cestoda (tape worms) 55
Phylum Nemertinea(ribbon worms) 57
Phylum Aschelminthes 58
Class I Rotifera(wheel animalcules).. 59
Class II Gastrotricha 60
Clan III Kinorhyncha (= Echinodem1ata) 60
Class IV Nematoda.. .. . . 60
Class V Nematomorpha (horsehair wom1s) 67
Phy Iu m Acanthocephala (spring -headed worms) 67
Phylum Annelida (bristle-worms, earth-worms,etc.) etc.) 68
Class Polychaeta (bristle-wom1s) 68
ClassOligochaeta(earth-worms) 70
·206·3-1a
2 GUWE To Tm: hn:JUEBRATE GALLERIES
Class Hirudinea (leeches) 72
PhyllU11 siplU1c'.tioidea 72
Phylum Bryozoa (Polyzoa or Moss animalcules) 73
PhylumPhoronidea 74
Phylum Chaetognatha (arrow womls) 75
Phylum Brachiopoda (lamp shells) 76
Phylum MoUusca (snails, bivalves. cuttlefish, etc.) 77
Class I Amphineura (chi tons) . 79
Class II Gastropoda (snails, etc.) 80
Class III Scaphopoda (tusk shells) 98
Class IV Pelecypoda (clams, etc.,) 99
Class V Cephalopoda (cuttlefish, etc.) ·109
Phylum Echinodemlata (starfishes, sea urchins,etc) 116
Class Asteroidea (starfishes) 117
Class Ophiuroidea (brittle stars) 120
Class Eahinoidea(Sea, urchins) 121
Class Holothuroidea(sezacuclU11bers). ] 24
Class Crinoidea (sea lilies) 127
Phylum Arthropoda
(crustaceans, insects. spiders, etc.) 128
Class Onychophora (Peripatus) 132
ClassMyriopoda (millipedes and centipedes) 134
Class Crustacea (prawns, crabs, etc.) 136
Class Insecta (Insects) 158
Class Arachnida (scorpions, spiders, etc:.) 189
Class Pychnogonida (sea spiders) 207
GnOl: To THE hVERTEBRATf: G.\U.ERI[S
SubphyllU11 Pentastomida (Linguatulids) 208
Subphylum Tardigrada (bear animalcules) 208
APPENDIX: Primitive Chordates 209
• >J'
4 GlIDE To THE hn:RTEBR.HE GALLERIES.
·T~
Gt IDE To THE I:WERTEBRAT-E GALLERIES
Foreword
This Guide book to the Invertebrate galleries of the Madras
Goverrunent Museum was authored by Dr. S. Thomas Satyamurti,
the then Director of Museums, Government Museum, Madras. This
book deals with the invertebrates or animals without a skeleton of
bone or cartilage, which are represented by exhibits in invertebrate
galleries, either in the forn1 of actual specimens, wet or dry-preserved
or models. Those phyla. which are represented by exhibits in these
galleries, are listed in their systematic sequence, together with a brief
note on the main characteristic features of each group.
This publication has been prepared for the use of the students
and other research scholars. Since the pUblication has been out of
print for several years, it has been felt that there is a need for a reprint
and it is hoped that this reprint will serve as a helpful introduction to
the different groups of invertebrates.
Chennai - 600008
Date 20-02-2006 :
M.A. Siddique, I.A.S ..
I
Director of Museums
6 Gt:IDE To THE INVERTERIUTE GALL.ERIES
G{'JI)E To THE bTERTEBRATE GALLERIES 7
INTRODUCTION
The Invertebrate Galleries of the Madras Government
Museum are accommodated in two halls on the first floor of the rear
building. directly above the Reptile and Bird Galleries. The first hall
is a comparatively narrow, oblong one and contains exhibits peratining
to the lower groups of invertebrates, such as the very simple.
unicellular, microsopic animals (Protozoa). sponges (Por(fera). corals.
sea anemones. jellyfishes. etc. (Coelenterata). flatworms. round
worms. etc. (Pla,ryhelminfhes. Nematoda. etc.). segmented worms
(Annelida): and a host of other miscellaneous groups including the
minor phyla. \vhile the adjoining much larger and more or less square
hall is devoted to the higher groups of invertebrates. comprising three
of the major phyla, namely. the Mollusca. Echinodermata and
Arthropoda.
The invertebrates or animals without a skeleton of bone or
cartilage include several heterogeneous groups differing from each
other radically in structure and appearance. They also range in size
from microscopic animalcules to gigantic fonns such as the giant
squids measuring nearly fifty feet in length. or enonnous masses of
coral weighing several tons.
According to the most recent system of classification. the
animal kingdom is divided into two main subkingdoms-the Protozoa
comprising the unicellular animals and the Metazoa including the
multicellular or tissue-bearing animals. comprising all the remaining
groups of animals. The subkingdom Protozoa includes only a single
phylum. the Protozoa. while the subkingdom Metazoa includes all
other phyla.
" 206-3-2