Table Of Content©EntomologicaFennica.6September2007
Lusitanoneura gen. n. (Diptera: Mycetophilidae),
including a new species from Portugal
EugéniaRibeiro&PeterChandler
Ribeiro,E.&Chandler,P.2007:Lusitanoneuragen.n.(Diptera:Mycetophili-
dae),includinganewspeciesfromPortugal.—Entomol.Fennica18:138–143.
AnewgenusoffungusgnatsLusitanoneuragen.n.(Diptera:Mycetophilidae),
allied to Ectrepesthoneura Enderlein, 1911, is described to include Ectre-
pesthoneura chandleri Caspers, 1991 from Crete and Cyprus and L. grando-
lensissp.n.fromPortugal.Thesespeciesareconsideredcongenericwitheach
otherbutnotwiththebulkofspecieshithertoassignedtoEctrepesthoneura.
E. Ribeiro, Departamento de Biologia Animal/Centro de Biologia Ambiental,
FaculdadedeCiênciasdaUniversidadedeLisboa,CampoGrande,BlocoC2,
1749-016,Portugal.E-mail:[email protected]
P. Chandler, 606B Berryfield Lane, Melksham, Wilts SN12 6EL, UK. E-mail:
[email protected]
Received20April2006,accepted20September2006
1.Introduction 2.Genusdescription
AprogrammeofMalaisetrappingatsitesinPor- Lusitanoneuragen.n.Ribeiro&Chandler
tugalhasbeencarriedoutinrecentyearsbyone
ofus(ER)andmaterialwascollectedinto70per Diagnosis. Similar to Ectrepesthoneura in the
centethanol.Atoneofthesesitesbothsexesofa followingcharacters:antennalflagellumslender;
darkcolouredfungusgnat,whichwasevidently thorax with mediotergite and laterotergite bare;
undescribed, were found. This species had the finetibialsetulaenotinregularrows;wingwith
wingvenationandmostothercharacterstypical macrotrichiaabsentfromthemembrane;veinSc
of the genus Ectrepesthoneura Enderlein, 1911 ending in R; vein R less than twice as long as
1
butobviouslydifferedinstructureofitsmalegen- crossveinr-m;veinR presentandendinginR
4 1;
italiafromanypreviouslyknownspecies.Itdid, CuAbranchingveryclosetothebaseofthewing.
however,havesomesignificantcharacters,espe- Differing from Ectrepesthoneura as follows:
cially of the male genitalia, in common with E. body and legs of more slender build; male mid
chandleriCaspersandthesetwospeciesarecon- tibiaunmodified,lackinganyswellingorsecond-
sideredtodiffersufficiently fromtheotherspe- ary sexual characters in arrangement of setae;
cies assigned to Ectrepesthoneura to propose a gonocoxitesseparatemedially(fusedatleastba-
new genus to include them. It is probable that sallyonventralmargininEctrepesthoneuraex-
some other species placed in Ectrepesthoneura, cept E. gracilis); gonostylus large but set sub-
suchasE.gracilisEdwards,1928willbefoundto apicallywithgonocoxitesbroadlyextendeddor-
deservesuchachangeofstatuswhentheworld sally(setclosetoapicalmarginofgonocoxitesin
faunaofthisgroupisbetterknown. Ectrepesthoneura); gonostylus broad medially,
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.18 (cid:127) Lusitanoneuragen.n.(Mycetophilidae) 139
butextendeddorsally andventrally asnarrower broadandapicallytruncate,formingaflapunder
lobes (of various form in Ectrepesthoneura but thegenitalia.Tergite9longerthanbroad,atleast
usually more compact and without elongate partlycoveringthebaseofthegenitaliadorsally
lobes); tergite 9 of various form but differing butdifferinginforminthetwoincludedspecies.
fromthatinEctrepesthoneurawhichusuallyhas Gonocoxiteslargeandbroadlaterally,butmedi-
itlargeand broadly enclosing thegenitaliador- allyseparatetothebase,withoutanysclerotised
sallyandlaterally(exceptE.graciliswhichhasit bridge, linked internally only by gonocoxal
shortandsmall). apodemeslinkedtoparameresofaedeagus.Go-
Description.Male.Headwithshortbristling. nostyluslargebutsetsubapicallyandnotextend-
Ocellithree,inatransverserow,thelateralssitu- ing much beyond tip of gonocoxites distally;
atedalmostasfarfromtheeyemarginasfromthe broadmedially,broad,producedtoaslenderlobe
medianocellus.Antennaslightlyupturned,with at both dorsal and ventral edges. Cerci short,
scapeandpedicelshort;flagellum14segmented, small,inclosecontactwithaedeagus.Aedeagus
slender, with elongate flagellomeres, bearing with narrow median sclerotised apodeme and
shorthairs;apicalflagellomereslenderwithsmall weaklysclerotisedparamereslaterally.
apical protuberance. Proboscis short; palpus Female.Verysimilartomale.Abdomenwith
aboutaslongashead,withfourobviouspalpo- segment 7 about half as long as preceding seg-
meres,thetwobasalshortandthickandaboutas ments;tergites8and9narrow;sternite8longer,
longasbroad,thepenultimatemoreelongateand deeplyemarginatemedially,withroundedlateral
theterminalpalpomerelongandslender. lobesbearingsomemarginalsetae.Cercustwo-
Thoraxwithbristlingontheprothorax,meso- segmented;basalsegmentbroad,elongate;apical
notumandscutellum;bristlingonmesonotumin- segmentshort,rounded.
cludingacrostichalanduniserialdorsocentralse- Type-species: Lusitanoneura grandolensis
ries and longer setae near side margins. Pleura sp.n.
otherwise, laterotergite and mediotergite bare. Etymology.Thegenusisnamedtoreflectthe
Katepisternumlargerthananepisternum,bothir- known distribution of the newly described spe-
regularly quadrate; laterotergite elongate oval, cies,fromLusitania,LatinforPortugal.
shallowlyraisedmedially.Legslongandslender.
Tibial spurs elongate, 1:2:2. Mid tibia without
any swellingorsensory areaapparent.Midand 3.Speciesdescriptions
hindtibiaewithseriesofblacksetae,shorterthan
width of tibia. Wing membrane with uniform Lusitanoneuragrandolensissp.n.
covering of microtrichia, macrotrichia absent. Ribeiro&Chandler
Costaandradialveinsthickenedanddarkerthan
otherveins.Costaandradialveinsbearingshort Material examined. Holotype male, Portugal,
setae, the veins of median and posterior forks Herdade da Ribeira Abaixo, near Grândola
withinconspicuoussmallsetulae.Costaextend- (south-west of Alentejo), found at 150–240 m
ingnearlyorquitehalfdistancefromtipofR to a.s.l,22.IV.2001–19.V.2001,Malaisetrap,leg.E.
5
that of M. Vein Sc long, ending in R. Vein R Ribeiro. Paratypes (all same locality as holo-
1 4
present,shortandvertical,endinginR,forming type): 1 # 1 $, 18.XII.1997 – 6.I.1998; 1 #,
1
asmallelongaterectangularradialcell.Crossvein 03.XII.1998–31.I.1999; 1 $, 21.XI.1999–20.
r-mdiagonal, long but shorter than both R and XII.1999 (allex Malaisetraps, leg. E. Ribeiro).
1
the stem of median fork. Branches of posterior All type material deposited in Departamento de
fork sessile, beginning close to base of wing, BiologiaAnimal/CentrodeBiologiaAmbiental,
branchingattheirpointofcontactwiththebaseof Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de
veintb.Haltereyellow. Lisboa,Portugal.
Abdomenwithsegments1–6normallydevel- Diagnosis.ThisspeciesagreeswithL.chand-
oped,withtergitesandsternitesofsimilarlength. leriinexternalcharactersandlackingthemidtib-
Tergites of segments 7 and 8 are narrow strips ialorgan.Italsohasagonostylusofsimilarstruc-
whiletheirsternitesaremoreelongate;sternite8 ture,beingproducedintoslenderlobesonitsven-
140 Ribeiro&Chandler (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.18
Fig.2.WingofLusitanoneuragrandolensissp.n.
(length3.3mm).
seriesofveryshortpandvsetae.Wingclear(Fig.
2).Costaandradialveinsthickenedandbrown-
ish,otherveinsyellowish.Costaandradialveins
bearing short setae, the series on R extending
5
back to apical half of crossvein r-m. Costa ex-
tendingnearlyhalfdistancefromtipofR tothat
5
ofM.Haltereyellow.
Fig.1.Lusitanoneuragrandolensissp.n.malehead 1
Abdomen entirely dark, including genitalia,
(heightofhead0.6mm).–a.Anteriorviewofhead,
butwithbristlingpale.Tergite9(Fig.3c)longer
includingbasalthreeflagellomeresofantennae.
thanbroad,apicallytruncateandslightlyemargi-
–b.Palpus.
natemediallyonapicalmargin;coveringthebase
ofthegenitaliadorsally,butrelativelysmall,only
tral and dorsal margin. It does, however, obvi- about half as long as gonocoxites. Gonocoxites
ouslydifferintheformoftergite9,whichissim- (Fig. 3a) broad laterally, with apical margins
pleinthenewspeciesbutproducedmediallyinto mainly straight-edged but produced to a point
anelongateapicallyroundedprocessinL.chand- apicallyneartheirdorsalmargin;mediallysepa-
leri. rate to the base. Gonostylus (Fig. 3b) laterally
Description. Male. Head (Fig. 1a) dark flattened,broadandsetosebasallywithaslender
brown,withshortdarkbristling.Antennaentirely apicallyasetoselobeatdorsalandventraledges;
dark; scape and pedicel about as long as broad; basal part with a rounded protuberance bearing
flagellumslender,longerthanheadandthoraxto- long setae, otherwise with scattered fine setae.
gether; flagellomeres about 3 times as long as Aedeagus closely apposed to small cerci (Fig.
broad, bearing short pale hairs; apical flagello- 3d), with narrow median sclerotised apodeme
merealittlelonger.Proboscisshort;palpus(Fig. andweaklysclerotisedparameres.
1b) about as long as eye, with two basal palpo- Female. Very similar to male, apart from
meres about as long as broad, the penultimate structure of abdomen as described for genus.
moreelongateandtheterminalpalpomereaslong Sternite8withlaterallobesbearingsomestrong
as the preceding palpomeres together, mostly marginalsetae(Fig.4).
slenderbutslightlyswollenonapicalquarter. Winglength3.3mm(male),3.5mm(female).
Thorax dark brown with brownish yellow Etymology.Thenewspeciesisnamedforthe
bristling on the prothorax, mesonotumand scu- typelocality.
tellum;acrostichalsanddorsocentralsshort,setae Distribution.ThelocalityHerdadedaRibeira
near side margins of mesonotum longer; two Abaixo(38º8’N,8º33’W,UTM29SNC3717)is
pairsofstrongscutellars.Pleura,laterotergiteand afarmof221hectares,situatedatSantaMarga-
mediotergitebare.Legsyellowishbrown,coxae rida da Serra in the Grândola mountains, 7 km
darkerbrown,withallbristlingdark.Tibialspurs southofthecityofGrândola.
yellow;outerspursonmidandhindtibiaemore Biology.Unknown.Thepredominantbiotope
than twice as long as width of tibial apex. Mid wheretheholotypeandonefemaleparatypewere
tibiawith2–4aanddsetaeandaseriesofvery found is at 150–240 metres altitude and com-
shortpsetae;hindtibiawith6–9a,3–6p-dand prisesacorkoak(Quercussuber)grove,typical
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.18 (cid:127) Lusitanoneuragen.n.(Mycetophilidae) 141
Fig.3.MalegenitaliaofLusi-
tanoneuragrandolensissp.n.
(lengthofgonocoxites0.7mm,
lengthoftergite90.4mm).
–a.Ventralview.–b.Lateral
viewofgonostylus.–c.Tergite
9.–d.Ventralviewofaedea-
gus,cercislightlydisplacedbe-
hind.
of the Mediterranean climate of this area. This
sitealsohasasignificantpresenceofCistussalvi-
folius, C. ladanifer and Lavandula luisieri. The
otherearliercollectedspecimenswereinadiffer-
ent biotope on the same farm, also a cork oak
grovebutassociatedwithameadow.
Lusitanoneurachandleri
(Caspers,1991),comb.n.
Ectrepesthoneurachandleri
Fig.4.Lusitanoneuragrandolensissp.n.,lateralview
Caspers,1991:325,Figs7–10.
ofovipositor(lengthofbasalsegmentofcercus0.25
mm).
Additional material examined (in P.J. Chandler
collection unless otherwise stated). GREECE,
Crete,northofOmalos,1,500ma.s.l,17.V.1982, PRUS,Platres,1,400ma.s.l,21.V.1983,1$,be-
smallgorge,1#,leg.I.F.G.McLean;Crete,west sideandaboveCaledonianFalls,GoldenOakfo-
of Mesa Potami, 19.V.1982, flowing stream in rest and plane trees by the stream, leg. I.F.G.
cultivated area, 1 $, leg. I.F.G. McLean; CY- McLean;AkrountaForest,24.IV.2002,1#,leg.
142 Ribeiro&Chandler (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.18
P. Gatt (private collection, Malta); Troodos
Mountains,Troodosenv.,11.IV.2002,1$,pine
forest,leg.J.Rohá(cid:1)ek(SilesianMuseum,Opava,
CzechRepublic).
Remarks.Caspers(1991)describedthisspe-
ciesfromasinglemalefromCreteandreferredto
a male and female from Cyprus, but as the
ovipositorofthefemalewasinpoorconditionhe
did not describe or figure it. The fresh material
fromCreteand Cyprusreported by Chandler et
al.(2006)andalsolistedaboveenablesthistobe
figuredhere.
InCaspers’descriptionthereferencetothird
segmentofpalpiispresumablytotheterminalor
4thdistinctpalpomere.Thetibialspursaremore
stronglydevelopedthaninL.grandolensis,3–4
timesaslongasapicalwidthoftibia.Caspersre-
ferred to the slender curved process (termed by
him semilunar) from the inner surface of the
gonocoxites(asbasimeres),astructurethatisnot
developedinthePortuguesespecies.Hisdescrip-
tionandfigureofthegonostylusdoesnotindicate
the presence of the narrow ventral lobe, which
wasprobablyreflexeddorsallyinsituinthespec-
imen he figured. The male genitalia are figured
here(Fig.5a–b),bothtoshowthisandforcom-
Fig.5.Lusitanoneurachandleri(Caspers).–a.Ventral
parisonwiththenewspecies. viewofmalegenitalia(lengthofgonocoxites0.6mm).
Description of female. Very similar to male, –b.Maletergite9(length0.6mm).–c.Lateralview
differinginthegenitalcharacterswhicharesimi- ofovipositor(lengthofbasalsegmentofcercus0.2
lar to the female of L. grandolensis: abdominal mm).
segment 7 about half as long as preceding seg-
ments;ovipositor(Fig.5c)yellowishbrownwith
tergites8and9narrow;sternite8longer,deeply indicated by Caspers (1991) this is a plesio-
emarginate medially, with rounded lateral lobes morphouscharacterinMycetophilidae,although
bearing fine marginal setae. Cercus two-seg- presentinrelativelyfewextantgenera.Thephy-
mented; basal segment broad, elongate; apical logenetic conclusions of Søli (1997) acknowl-
segmentshort,rounded.Winglengthoffemales edge the primitive nature of this character in
3.7–3.8mm. Drepanocercus Vockeroth but the position of
EctrepesthoneurainthetreesinFigs45and46of
thatworksuggeststhatthiscouldbeasecondary
4.Discussion developmentinthisgenus,althoughinthesecond
of these trees it does appear in a basal position
The species here assigned to the new genus amongthegeneraofLeiinae.
LusitanoneuraruntothegenusEctrepesthoneura ThemajorityofspeciesnowplacedinEctre-
EnderleininthekeytofamilyMycetophilidaeby pesthoneuraappeartoconstituteamonophyletic
Sølietal.(2000),duetopossessingthecharacters group as discussed by Chandler (1980) but the
citedasincommonwithitintheabovegenericdi- MediterraneanspeciesE.gracilisEdwards,1928
agnosis.Thepracticallysessileposteriorforkhas was indicated to differ in structure of genitalia
beenusedtodefineEctrepesthoneuraasdistinct andhabitus,beingmoreslenderwithlongerlegs
fromthealliedgenusTetragoneuraWinnertz.As than other species of the genus and was not in-
ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.18 (cid:127) Lusitanoneuragen.n.(Mycetophilidae) 143
cludedinthediagnosis.WhenCaspers(1991)de- semblagethatcouldnotbejustifiedphylogeneti-
scribed E. chandleri it was apparent that it was cally. Further study is necessary including all
alsodivergentfromthetypicalformofthegenus; characterstoresolverelationships.
itresembledE.gracilisinformbutagaindiffered
stronglyinstructureofgenitaliaandinlackinga Acknowledgements.Wearegratefultothecollectorswho
sensoryarea(tibialorgan)onthemalemidtibia, referredthenewmaterialofL.chandleritous.Thework
waspartiallyfinancedbyCentrodeBiologiaAmbiental.
whichispresentingracilisasinotherspeciesof
thegenus.
ItispossiblethatEctrepesthoneuragracilisis
References
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