Table Of ContentLower Genitourinary Radiology
Imaging and Intervention
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Syed Zafar H.Jafri
Ananias C. Diokno
Marco A. Amendola
Editors
Lower Genitourinary
Radiology
Imaging and Intervention
With a Foreword by Peter L. Choyke
With 775 Figures in 900 Parts, 41 in Full Color
Springer
Syed Zafar H. Jafri, M.D. Ananias C. Diokno, M.D.
Clinical Associate Professor Clinical Professor of U rology
Wayne State University School of Medicine University of Michigan Medical School
Detroit, MI 48202 Ann Arbor, MI 48109
and and
Chief, Section of U roradiology Chief, Department of Urology
William Beaumont Hospital William Beaumont Hospital
Royal Oak, MI 48073 Royal Oak, MI 48073
USA USA
Marco A. Amendola, M.D.
Professor of Radiology
and Radiation Oncology
and
Chief, Body MRI Section
Department of Radiology
University of Miami School of Medicine
Miami, FL 33101
USA
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lower genitourinary radiology: imaging and intervention / [edited by]
Syed Zafar H.Jafri, Ananias C. Diokno, Marco A. Amendola.
p. cm.
lncludes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4612-7230-4 ISBN 978-1-4612-1648-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4612-1648-3
1. Genitourinary organs-Imaging. 2. Genitourinary organs
Diseases-Diagnosis. I.Jafri, Syed Zafar H. (Syed Zafar Hassan)
II. Diokno, Ananias C. III. Amendola, Marco A.
[DNLM: 1. Urogenital Diseases-radiography. 2. Urogenital
Diseases-therapy. \\j 140 G331 1997]
RC874.G456 1997
616.6'0757--dc20
DNLM/DLC
for Library of Congress 96-33291
Printed on acid-free paper.
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. in 1998
Softcover reprint of the hardcover lst edition 1998
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"The man of knowledge is the one who recognizes that what is known is
very little compared to what is not known, and as a result, he considers him
self ignorant, and accordingly he increases his efforts to know more by go
ing out in search of knowledge."
Ali ibne Abu Talib (AS.)
Nahjul Balagha
To my parents Nurul Hasan and Sabiha who taught me the importance of
knowledge.To my wife Bashir for her constant love and support and my
children Zehra, Mohammad, and Mariam for bringing new insights into my
life.
S.Z.HJ.
To my wife, Lourdes, and to my children Dennis, Donna, David, and Deana.
My wife is my best critic and my best fan and my children are the essence of
my drive and existence.
AC.D.
To my wife, Beatriz, a loving spouse and an outstanding physician; to my
children Claudia and Andrew, the biggest joys of my life, and to Dr. Howard
Pollack, teacher, mentor, friend.
M.AA
Foreword
This book is a compendium of chapters that updates the reader on specific issues
in imaging and intervention of the lower genitourinary tract. Most texts in uro
radiology span the breadth of the field and by necessity cover many subjects super
ficially. Drs. Jafri, Diokno, and Amendola have, in this book, taken a different tack
and illuminate each topic with sufficient detail to allow deeper appreciation of
each subject. The editors have authored or co-authored a large number of chapters
in the book which enriches the text and have solicited the assistance of over 50 rec
ognized experts for other chapters.
The book begins with a review of the basic physical principles of diagnostic imag
ing, emphasizing their importance in the clinical realm. Mter a comprehensive re
view of genitourinary embryology, the focus changes to the bladder and discussion
of benign bladder disease, neurogenic bladder, bladder cancer staging, and the use
of CT in bladder trauma. Next is a detailed description of prostate imaging fol
lowed by sections on the undescended testes and diseases of the scrotum. The book
then provides an excellent treatment of several subjects that usually get little atten
tion: anomalies of the urethra, urethral disease, urethral physiology, penile pros
theses, and impotence. The next chapters are dedicated to the female genitouri
nary tract and female infertility. The final sections cover interventional procedures
including prostatic cryotherapy, laser surgery, fallopian tube recanalization, and
penile angiography.
Rather than employ just a few authors to cover all these subjects the editors have
made this a multiauthored text. They have enlisted the "best of breed" to write the
sections, the very people one really wants to read on a particular subject. The topics
covered here have not been overdone in other texts: in many cases they fill surpris
ing gaps, providing the reader with a fresh perspective. Thus, this text is an impor
tant new contribution to the field, and should remain a valuable reference for
many years.
Peter L. Choyke, M.D.
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD
vii
Preface
The origin of this book can be traced back to the 1980s when all three editors
worked together at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor during the early years
of their careers. Those were the times when Dr. Jack Lapides, one of the true giants
of modern urology, was the Chairman of the Section of Urology and Dr. John
Thornbury, one of the outstanding leaders in uroradiology, was Professor of Radiol
ogy and Chief of the Section of Uroradiology, University of Michigan. Indeed, this
book is a clear example of the harmonious collaboration of radiologists and urolo
gists fostered by Dr. Lapides and Dr. John Thornbury in order to further knowledge
and patient care. We very well know that the passing of time makes recent advances
obsolete in a very short while. In order to keep pace with recent developments, a
need was felt to compile a comprehensive and integrated text of several modalities
of imaging and intervention of the lower genitourinary tract written by a large and
distinguished international group of authors. We have attempted to produce a book
that embodies enough information so that, without being encyclopedic, it will be
able to answer many clinical questions in a more than succinct fashion.
In this cost-contained management environment, a team approach with consulta
tion between the urologist and radiologist results in the least invasive and most ap
propriate imaging studies. To best achieve this goal, it was decided to compile a
book that is authored by both radiologists and urologists. Although the thrust of
this endeavor is to present the role of imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of
diseases involving the lower genitourinary tract, we decided that it would be also of
great interest to our readers to devote several chapters to presenting the clinical
background regarding some diseases such as bladder and prostate cancer. We hope
that this book will be of interest to all health care providers with special interest in
the pathology, diagnosis, and therapy of diseases of the lower genitourinary tract,
but specifically to radiologists, urologists, residents, fellows, and medical students.
Syed Zafar H.Jafri
Ananias C. Diokno
Marco A. Amendola
ix
Acknowledgmen ts
This book could not have been accomplished without the contribution of many, to
whom we are very grateful. We would like to particularly thank all the contributing
authors for their hard work and efforts.
We would like to thank William Day of Springer for his support in publishing this
book. We are also indebted to the staff of Springer, especially Jeff Sands and Terry
Kornak, for their cooperation and help in all stages of development of the book.
We are extremely grateful to our secretaries; Patricia Colombo (Dr. Jafri) , Tracey
Orris (Dr. Diokno), and Marilyn Lewis (Dr. Amendola), for their tremendous ef
forts and support throughout the entire project. They deserve special recognition
not only for their typing but for their organizational skills, constant correspon
dence, and patience with meeting deadlines.
We are also indebted to our Departments of Medical Illustration and Photogra
phy, with special thanks to Emily Howard, Bob Burke, Sandy Sanchez, Tomasz
Borowiecki, and Donna Selenich for being so accommodating and helpful in meet
ing deadlines. Our special thanks also to Dr. Alexander Cacciarelli, William Beau
mont Hospital, for his excellent drawings illustrated in several chapters and Dr.
Javier Casillas ofJ ackson Memorial Hospital for his help and collaboration.
Finally, we would like to thank Drs. Jalil Farah and Robert Quencer and all the
staff of the Department of Diagnostic Radiology at William Beaumont Hospital,
Michigan, and Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Florida, for giving
us the opportunity and time to work on this project as well as providing us with ma
terials that were included in this book.
Xl
Contents
Foreword ........................................................... vii
Preface ............................................................. ix
Acknowledgments .................................................... xi
Contributors ....................................................... xvii
1 Basic Physics .................................................... 1
Lance V. Hefner and Anil Shetty
2 Embryology and Imaging of Ambiguous Genitalia .................... 25
Alexander A. Cacciarelli and Donald P. Gibson
3 Imaging of Benign Conditions of the Bladder:
Urography/Cystography/Ultrasound/CT ........................... 35
Marco A. Amendola
4 Neurogenic Bladder and Radiology ................................ 80
Manuel Yuhico Jr., Ananias C. Diokno, and Marco A. Amendola
5 Voiding Disorders ............................................... 99
Ananias C. Diokno and Manuel Yuhico Jr.
6 Trauma of the Lower Genitourinary Tract. ......................... 115
Stuart M. Gaynes,Jay B. Hollander, and S. Zafar H.Jafri
7 Bladder Cancer: Clinical Aspects and Management .................. 129
Roger B. Watson, Howard J Korman, and Mark S. Soloway
8 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Urinary Bladder Carcinoma .......... 138
Jelle 0. Barentsz
9 Computed Tomography of the Bladder ............................ 159
Janet E. S. Husband
10 Imaging of the Benign Conditions
of the Prostate and Seminal Vesicles ............................... 177
Javier Casillas
11 Malignancy of the Prostate Gland ................................. 195
Ananias C. Diokno and Jose A. Gonzalez
Xlll
Contents
XIV
12 Sonography of Carcinoma of the Prostate .......................... 206
Richard D. McLeary
13 Magnetic Resonance Imaging and
Computed Tomography of Prostate Carcinoma ...................... 223
Mitchell D. Schnall and Marco A. Amendola
14 Undescended Testis ............................................ 238
Ali Shirkhoda, Thomas G. Vrachliotis, and Kostaki G. Bis
15 Inflammatory Conditions of the Epididymis and Testis ................ 250
Sheila Sheth
16 Testicular Torsion .............................................. 262
John L. Roberts
17 Other Benign Conditions of the Testis and Scrotum .................. 276
Michael C. Farah, Kevin T. O'Hora, and S. Zafar H.Jafri
18 Ultrasonography of Benign and Malignant Neoplasms
of the Testes and Epididymis ..................................... 294
S. Zafar H. Jafri and Joseph M. Silva
19 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Testis and Scrotum .............. 320
Shari-Lynn Umlas Odzer and Marco A. Amendola
20 Congenital Anomalies of the Urethra .............................. 333
Mitchell K. Rauch, Rafael Gosalbez, and Christopher G. Zaleski
21 Acquired Nontraumatic Lesions of the Urethra ...................... 352
Gerald W Friedland, Matilde Nino-Murcia,
Harcharan S. Gill, and Inder Perkash
22 Radiology of Penile Prostheses ................................... 390
Richard H. Cohan and Dana A. Ohl
23 Ultrasonography for Evaluation of Impotence ....................... 401
Sansern Borirakchanyavat and Tom F. Lue
24 CT and MRI of Benign and Malignant Conditions of the Vagina ........ 413
Kostaki G. Bis, Thomas G. Vrachliotis, and Ali Shirkhoda
25 Comprehensive Evaluation of the Infertile Man ..................... 436
John R. Harding, John A. Greer, Larry I. Lipshultz,
and Barry D. Toombs
26 Female Infertility ............................................... 461
William R. Keye Jr.
27 Cryosurgical Ablation of Prostate ................................. 479
Duke K. Bahn and Fred Lee
28 Laser Surgery of the Genitourinary Tract. .......................... 489
John N. Kabalin
