Low-Speed Aerodynamics: From Wing Theory to Panel Methods, 1st Ed.

654 Pages·1991·9.74 MB·English

by  Joseph Katz

LOW-SPEED AERODYNAMICS
From Wing Theory to Panel Methods
McGraw-Hill Series in Aeronautical and Aerospace Engineering
Consulting Editor
John U. Anderson, Jr., University of Maryland
Anderson: Fundamentals of Aerodynamics
Anderson: Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics
Anderson: Introduction to Flight
Anderson: Modern Compressible Flow: With Historical Perspective
D'Azzo and Houpis: Linear Control System Analysis and Design
Kane, Likins and Levinson: Spacecraft Dynamics
Katz and Plotkin: Low-speed Aerodynamics: From Wing Theory to Panel Methods
Nelson: Flight Stability and Automatic Control
Peery and Azar: Aircraft Structures
Rivello: Theory and Analysis of Flight Structures
Schlichling: Boundary Layer Theory
White: Viscous Fluid Flow
Wiesel: Spaceflight Dynamics
LOW-SPEED
AERODYNAMICS
From Wing Theory to Panel Methods
Joseph Katz
Allen Plotkin
Professors of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics
San Diego State University
McGraw-Hill, Inc.
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LOW-SPEED AERODYNAMICS
From Wing Theory to Panel Methods
INTERNATIONAL EDITION 1991
Exclusive rights by McGraw-Hill Book Co. -Singapore
for manufacture and export. This book cannot be re-exported
from the country to which it is consigned by McGraw-Hill.
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Copyright c 1991 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Except
as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no
part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any
form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval
system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
This bookwasset in Times Roman.
The editors were John J. Corrigan and John M. Morriss;
the production supervisor was Denise L. Puryear.
The cover was designed by Rafael Hernandez.
Project supervision was done by Universities Press.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Katz, Joseph, (date).
Low-speed aerodynamics: from wing theory to panel methods /
Joseph Katz and Allen Plotkin.
p. cm.—(McGraw-Hill series in aeronautical and aerospace
engineering)
ISBN 0-07-050446-6
1. Aerodynamics. I. Plokin, Allen. II. Title. III. Series.
TL570.K34 1991
629.132'3—dc2O 90-38041
When ordering this title use ISBN 0-07-100876-4
PrintedinSingapore
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Joseph Katz is Professor of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechan-
ics at San Diego State University where he has been a faculty member since
1986. He received the degrees of BSc, MSc and DSc, the latter in 1977, in
Aeronautical Engineering from the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology.
He was a faculty member in the Mechanical Engineering Department of the
Technion from 1980—1984 and headed the Automotive Program from 1982—
1984. He spent 1978—1980 and 1984—1986 at the Large Scale Aerodynamics
Branch of NASA-Ames Research Center as a Research Associate and Senior
Research Associate, respectively, and has maintained his ties to NASA
through grant support. He has worked in the 40' by 80' full scale wind tunnel
and has developed a panel method capable of calculating three-dimensional
unsteady flowfields and applied it to complete aircraft and race car configura-
tions. He is the author of more than 40 journal articles in computational and
experimental aerodynamics.
Allen Plotkin is Professor of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechan-
ics at San Diego State University where he has been a faculty member
since 1985. He graduated from the Bronx High School of Science, received BS
and MS degrees from Columbia University and a PhD from Stanford
University in 1968. He was a faculty member in the Department of Aerospace
Engineering of the University of Maryland from 1968—1985. In 1976 he
received the Young Engineer-Scientist Award from the National Capital
Section of the AIAA and in 1981 received the Engineering Sciences Award
from the Washington Academy of Sciences. 1-le is an Associate Fellow of the
AIAA and served two terms as an associate editor of the AIAA Journal from
1986—1991. He is the current contributor to the World Book Encyclopedia
articles on Aerodynamics, Propeller, Streamlining, and Wind Tunnel. He is
the author of approximately 40 journal articles in aerodynamics and fluid
mechanics.
V

CONTENTS
Preface xiii
1 Introduction and Background 1
1.1 Description of Fluid Motion 1
1.2 Choice of Coordinate System 3
1.3 Pathlines, Streaklines, and Streamlines 4
1.4 Forces in a Fluid 5
1.5 Integral Form of the Fluid Dynamic Equations 8
1.6 Differential Form of the Fluid Dynamic Equations 10
1.7 Dimensional Analysis of the Fluid Dynamic Equations 16
1.8 Flow with High Reynolds Number 20
1.9 Similarity of Flows 23
2 Fundamentals of Inviscid, Incompressible Flow 25
2.1 Angular Velocity, Vorticity and Circulation 25
2.2 Rate of Change of Vorticity 29
2.3 Rate of Change of Circulation—Kelvin's Theorem 30
2.4 Irrotational Flow and the Velocity Potential 32
2.5 Boundary and Infinity Conditions 33
2.6 Bernoulli's Equation for the Pressure 34
2.7 Simply and Multiply Connected Regions 35
2.8 Uniqueness of the Solution 36
2.9 Vortex Quantities 39
2.10 Two-Dimensional Vortex 41
2.11 The Biot—Savart Law 44
2.12 The Velocity Induced by a Straight Vortex Segment 46
2.13 The Stream Function 48
3 General Solution of the Incompressible, Potential
Flow Equations 52
3.1 Statement of the Potential Flow Problem 52
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