Low Power DEAP Actuator Drive for Heating Valves

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Low Power DEAP Actuator Drive for Heating Valves
Huang, Lina
Publication date:
2014
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Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record
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Citation (APA):
Huang, L. (2014). Low Power DEAP Actuator Drive for Heating Valves. Technical University of Denmark,
Department of Electrical Engineering.

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Lina Huang
Low Power DEAP Actuator Drive
for Heating Valves
PhD Thesis, October 2014

Lina Huang
Low Power DEAP Actuator Drive
for Heating Valves
PhD Thesis, October 2014

Low Power DEAP Actuator Drive for Heating Valves,
This report was prepared by
Lina Huang
Supervisors
Michael A. E. Andersen
Zhe Zhang
Release date: 31st October 2014
Category: 1 (public)
Edition: Draft
Comments: Thisthesisissubmittedinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirements
for obtaining the PhD degree at the Technical University of
Denmark.
Rights: ©Lina Huang, 2014
Department of Electrical Engineering
Electronics Group (ELE)
Technical University of Denmark
Oersteds Plads Building 349
DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
Denmark
www.ele.elektro.dtu.dk
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Preface and Acknowledgment
This PhD project "Low Power DEAP Actuator Drive for Heating Valves" is carried
out at the PhD school, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University
of Denmark (DTU). Funded by the Danish National Advanced Technology Foun-
dation (HTF), the project has been part of the WP8 involved in the HTF project
“Highly efficient low cost energy generation and actuation using disruptive DEAP
technology”. Close collaboration with Danfoss PolyPower A/S and Danfoss A/S
Heating Solutions has been achieved throughout the project. An external research
visit was carried out at the "Laboratory for Power Management and Integrated
Switch-Mode Power Supplies (SMPS)" in University of Toronto, Canada.
During the PhD studies, I have become deeply indebted and grateful to all of those
who has stood by me and helped me throughout this project. My special thanks
and deeply appreciation goes to:
• My supervisors Prof. Michael A. E. Andersen and Assoc. Prof. Zhe Zhang
for providing me this opportunity and for their inspiration, encouragement
and endless confidence in me during the project.
• ThecolleaguesinvolvedinWP8andWP4oftheHTFproject“Highlyefficient
low cost energy generation and actuation using disruptive DEAP technology”
for their constructive discussions, suggestions and comments.
• All the colleagues at Electronics Group for their support, help and construc-
tive discussions. Special thanks to Henriette and Bertil, for the kindly assis-
tance and care.
• Prof. Aleksandar Prodić at University of Toronto, for accepting me as a
visitingPhDstudentathisresearchgroup,andallthecolleaguesandstudents
in the group for their help and support.
• My dear parents Shangguang Huang and Qingyu Wang and my partner
Hengzhuang Wang, for their deeply love and endless support and encour-
agements.
i/xiii

Abstract
Modernheatingsystemsplayakeyroleinprovidingcomfortablelivingenvironment
andsavingenergy. Theradiatorheatingvalveandthermostatareessentialelements
to achieve the temperature control in the dwelling space. The existing actuator
inside the thermostat either suffers from the operation noise issue, or cannot realize
the accurate temperature regulation and remote control. Due to the advancement
of the material science, in recent years, a new type of smart material, called DEAP
(Dielectric Electro Active Polymer), gradually attracts the attention of researchers.
The superior performances of DEAP actuator, such as noise free operation, high
energy density, quick response time, etc, make it a possible solution to replace the
conventional actuators inside the thermostat.
To operate the DEAP actuator in the heating system and considering its intrinsic
properties, adriverfeaturinghighoutputvoltageandcapacitiveloadchargingabil-
ity has been investigated. High voltage flyback converter is proved to be an appli-
cable solution in the heating valve application. The conventional flyback topology
and the multiple transformers based primary parallel secondary series flyback con-
verter (PPSSFC) featuring the unidirectional energy flow are investigated in terms
offundamentalworkingprincipleandpracticalimplementation. Theconverterwith
bidirectional energy flow functionality is desired to improve the overall efficiency
and has been studied as well. The design guidelines of the high voltage flyback
transformer in capacitive load charging and discharging application are proposed.
In order to achieve the thorough understanding of the converter, a switching cycle
based analytical model for both charging mode and discharging mode have been
established. Based on this, the energy efficiency analysis has been carried out to
achieve efficiency calculation model. Moreover, two system level control schemes
are proposed to achieve the corresponding temperature control. The functional-
ity and energy consumption of the high voltage driver have been verified through
the test in the practical heating system with the radiator heating valve and the
implemented DEAP actuator.
The implemented high voltage flyback converters can achieve relatively low vol-
ume and satisfactory efficiencies. In addition, the switching cycle based analytical
model and the energy efficiency analysis can be used to well predict the behaviour
and efficiency in both charging and discharging mode. The system level energy
consumption is relatively low when the burst mode control scheme is applied. If
2.5 Ah batteries are employed, the high voltage driving system with bidirectional
converter can run for around 2.1 years.
iii/xiii