Table Of Content12 Series: Sustainable Energy Developments 12
This book makes a valuable contribution to addressing the enormous carbon emissions of Al-Sallal
buildings through the employment of a multi-faceted integrated approach consisting of
innovative solutions and techniques. Ten important chapters, contributed by renowned
scholars from across the globe, delve deeply into the essence of true sustainability from a
specifi c viewpoint: energy and carbon emissions of buildings, passive and low energy cooling,
daylighting, passive solar heating, the human factor in sustainable architecture, sustainable
construction materials, water use and conservation, energy-effi cient HVAC systems, on-site
renewable energy, and fi nally shifting from green building design to regenerative approaches.
Taken together, the contributions provide a thorough overview of sustainable design methods
and green technological options to improve energy and water effi ciency, to use sustainable
building materials, and to replace fossil fuels by renewable energy resources, hence reducing L
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greenhouse gas emissions while creating a healthier and more comfortable and enjoyable w
environment. The book will be of value to many readers, professional, academic and non- E
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specialist, as well as key institutions that are working in architecture, urban planning, and green e
r
building. It will also be useful for leading decision and policy makers, municipalities and building g
y
and energy sector representatives and administrators, business leaders, power producers, and
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architects and building engineers from industrialized and developing countries. o
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SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENTS – VOLUME 12 ISSN 2164-0645 a
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The book series addresses novel techniques and measures related to sustainable energy n
developments with an interdisciplinary focus that cuts across all fi elds of science, engineering A
r
and technology linking renewable energy and other sustainable materials with human society. It c
h
addresses renewable energy sources and sustainable policy options, including energy effi ciency it
e
and energy conservation to provide long-term solutions for key-problems of industrialized, c
t
developing and transition countries by fostering clean and domestically available energy and, u
r
concurrently, decreasing dependence on fossil fuel imports and reducing greenhouse gas e
emissions. Possible applications will be addressed not only from a technical point of view, but
also from economic, fi nancial, social, political, legislative and regulatory viewpoints. The book
Low Energy Low Carbon Architecture
series aims to become a state-of-the-art source for a large group of readers comprising different
stakeholders and professionals, including government and non-governmental organizations and
institutions, international funding agencies, universities, public health and energy institutions, Recent Advances & Future Directions
and other relevant institutions.
SERIES EDITOR: Jochen Bundschuh
Khaled A. Al-Sallal
an informa business
LOWENERGYLOWCARBONARCHITECTURE:
RECENTADVANCES&FUTUREDIRECTIONS
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Sustainable Energy Developments
Series Editor
Jochen Bundschuh
UniversityofSouthernQueensland(USQ),Toowoomba,Australia
RoyalInstituteofTechnology(KTH),Stockholm,Sweden
Volume 12
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Low Energy Low Carbon Architecture
Recent Advances & Future Directions
Editor
KhaledA.Al-Sallal
DepartmentofArchitecturalEngineering,UAEUniversity,Al-Ain,UAE
Coverphoto
AlBahrTowersinAbuDhabi(Thebookcoverphotoisacourtesyofprofessionalphotographer
AliJamal,2016).ThemostdistinguishingfeatureoftheiconicAlBahrtowersinAbuDhabiis
its world’s largest sun-responsive façade shades. Each tower is protected by a shading skin of
umbrella-likeelementsthatautomaticallyopenandclosedependingontheintensityofsunlight.
The design concept was inspired by the “mashrabiya”, geometrically-designed wooden lattice
screens that have been used to fill windows of traditionalArabic architecture. This intelligent
façadeisdynamicallycontrolledbyabuildingmanagementsystem.Theadjustableshadeshelp
achieve50%lesssolargainthanacomparabletower,withzerocompromisesinnaturallighting.
Al BahrTowers is designed byAHR (formerlyAedas UK), in accordance with the US Green
BuildingCouncilLEEDratingsystem, targetedforSilverrating.Thedevelopmentwasplaced
secondattheEmporisSkyscraperAwardin2012andwasfeaturedontheCTBUH’s“Innovative
20”listofbuildingsthat“challengethetypologyoftallbuildingsinthe21stcentury”.
CRCPress/BalkemaisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
©2016Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,UK
TypesetbyMPSLimited,Chennai,India
PrintedandBoundbyCPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon,CR04YY
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationortheinformationcontainedhereinmaybe
reproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,
mechanical,byphotocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutwrittenpriorpermissionfrom
thepublishers.
Althoughallcareistakentoensureintegrityandthequalityofthispublicationandthe
informationherein,noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublishersnortheauthorforany
damagetothepropertyorpersonsasaresultofoperationoruseofthispublicationand/or
theinformationcontainedherein.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Al-Sallal,KhaledA.,editor.
Title:Lowenergylowcarbonarchitecture:recentadvances&futuredirectionseditor,
KhaledA.Al-Sallal.
Description: BocaRaton:Taylor&Francis, 2016. |Series: Sustainableenergydevelopments;
volume12|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.|Descriptionbasedonprintversion
recordandCIPdataprovidedbypublisher;resourcenotviewed.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015045082 (print) | LCCN 2015041810 (ebook) | ISBN 9781315624020
(ebook)|ISBN9781138027480(hardcover:alk.paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Sustainable architecture. | Carbon dioxide mitigation. | Buildings–Energy
conservation.|Sustainablebuildings.
Classification:LCCNA2542.36(print)|LCCNA2542.36.L692016(ebook)|DDC720/.47–dc23
Publishedby: CRCPress/Balkema
P.O.Box11320,2301EHLeiden,TheNetherlands
e-mail:[email protected]
www.crcpress.com–www.taylorandfrancis.com
ISBN:978-1-138-02748-0(Hardback)
ISBN:978-1-315-62402-0(eBookPDF)
About the book series
Renewableenergysourcesandsustainablepolicies,includingthepromotionofenergyefficiency
andenergyconservation,offersubstantiallong-termbenefitstoindustrialized,developing,and
transitionalcountries.Theyprovideaccesstocleananddomesticallyavailableenergyandleadto
adecreaseddependenceonfossilfuelimportsandareductioningreenhousegasemissions.
Replacingfossilfuelswithrenewableresourcesaffordsasolutiontotheincreasedscarcityand
priceoffossilfuels.Additionally,ithelpstoreduceanthropogenicemissionofgreenhousegases
andtheirimpactsonclimatechange.Intheenergysector,fossilfuelscanbereplacedbyrenewable
energysources.Inthechemistrysector,petroleumchemistrycanbereplacedbysustainableor
greenchemistry.Inagriculture,sustainablemethodscanbeusedthatenablesoilstoactascarbon
dioxidesinks.Intheconstructionsector,sustainablebuildingpracticeandgreenconstructioncan
beused,replacing,forexample,steel-enforcedconcretebytextile-reinforcedconcrete.Research
anddevelopmentandcapitalinvestmentsinallthesesectorswillnotonlycontributetoclimate
protectionbutwillalsostimulateeconomicgrowthandcreatemillionsofnewjobs.
Thisbookserieswillserveasamultidisciplinaryresource.Itlinkstheuseofrenewableenergy
andrenewablerawmaterials, suchassustainablygrownplants, withtheneedsofhumansoci-
ety.Theseriesaddressestherapidlygrowingworldwideinterestinsustainablesolutions.These
solutionsfosterdevelopmentandeconomicgrowthwhileprovidingasecuresupplyofenergy.
Theymakesocietylessdependentonpetroleumbysubstitutingalternativecompoundsforfossil-
fuelbased goods. All these contribute to minimize our impacts on climate change. The series
coversallfieldsofrenewableenergysourcesandmaterials.Itaddressespossibleapplicationsnot
onlyfromatechnicalpointofview,butalsofromeconomic,financial,social,andpoliticalview-
points.Legislativeandregulatoryaspects,keyissuesforimplementingsustainablemeasures,are
ofparticularinterest.
Thisbookseriesaimstobecomeastate-of-the-artresourceforabroadgroupofreadersinclud-
ingadiversityofstakeholdersandprofessionals.Readerswillincludemembersofgovernmental
andnon-governmentalorganizations,internationalfundingagencies,universities,publicenergy
institutions,therenewableindustrysector,thegreenchemistrysector,organicfarmersandfarm-
ingindustry,publichealthandotherrelevantinstitutions,andthebroaderpublic.Itisdesigned
to increase awareness and understanding of renewable energy sources and the use of sustain-
ablematerials.Italsoaimstoacceleratetheirdevelopmentanddeploymentworldwide,bringing
theiruseintothemainstreamoverthenextfewdecadeswhilesystematicallyreplacingfossiland
nuclearfuels.
The objective of this book series is to focus on practical solutions in the implementation of
sustainableenergyandclimateprotectionprojects.Notmovingforwardwiththeseeffortscould
haveserioussocialandeconomicimpacts.Thisbookserieswillhelptoconsolidateinternational
findings on sustainable solutions. It includes books authored and edited by world-renowned
scientists and engineers and by leading authorities in economics and politics. It will provide a
valuablereferenceworktohelpsurmountourexistingglobalchallenges.
JochenBundschuh
(SeriesEditor)
vii
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
Editorial board
MorganBazilian LeadEnergySpecialist,TheWorldBank,WashingtonDC,USA,
[email protected]
RobertK.Dixon Leader,ClimateandChemicals,TheGlobalEnvironmentFacility,
TheWorldBankGroup,Washington,DC,USA
MariadaGraçaCarvalho FormerMemberoftheEuropeanParliament,Brussels,Professor
atInstitutoSuperiorTécnico,TechnicalUniversityofLisbon,
Portugal,presentlyAdvisorEuropeanCommission,Brussels,
Belgium
RainerHinrichs-Rahlwes Vice-PresidentoftheEuropeanRenewableEnergiesFederation
(EREF),Brussels,Belgium;BoardMember&Chairpersonofthe
EuropeanandInternationalAffairsWorkingGroupoftheGerman
RenewableEnergyFederation(BEE),Berlin,Germany
EricMartinot SchoolofManagementandEconomics,BeijingInstituteof
Technology&CenterforEnergyandEnvironmentalPolicyResearch,
Beijing,China&InstituteforSustainableEnergyPolicies,Tokyo,
Japan,[email protected],[email protected],eric@martinot.
info,[email protected]
VeenaJoshi FormerSeniorAdvisor-Energy,SectionClimateChangeand
Development,EmbassyofSwitzerland(NewDelhi);Pune,India,
[email protected]
ChristineMilne FormerLeaderoftheAustralianGreensParty;formerFormer
SenatorforTasmania;PatronoftheAustralianSolarCouncil;
Ambassadorforthe100%RenewableEnergyCampaignofthe
WorldFutureCouncil(Hamburg,Germany);MemberofEnergy
WatchGroup;BoardMemberofClimateAccountability(USA);
AmbassadorfortheGlobalGreens,SandyBay,TAS,Australia,
[email protected]
ADVISORYEDITORIALBOARD
ALBANIA
BashkimMalLushaj(environmentalimpactassessment;strategicenvironmentalassessment
andenvironmentallegislation),DepartmentofWaterResourcesandRenewableEnergies
(DWRRE),InstituteofGeosciences&Energy,Water&Environment(IGEWE);Department
ofEnvironmentalEngineering(DEE),FacultyofCivilEngineering(FCE),Polytechnic
UniversityofTirana(PUT),Tirana
ALGERIA
HaceneMahmoudi(renewableenergyfordesalinationandwatertreatment;membrane
technologies),FacultyofTechnology,HassibaBenBoualiUniversityofChlef
(UHBC),Chlef
ix
