Lodging, Trade, and Travel in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages

441 Pages·2006·5.15 MB·English

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HOUSING THE STRANGER IN THE
MEDITERRANEAN WORLD
Lodging,Trade,andTravelinLateAntiquityandtheMiddleAges
TheGreekpandocheion,Arabicfunduq,andLatinfundicum(fondaco)
wereubiquitousintheMediterraneanspherefornearlytwomillennia.
These institutions were not only hostelries for traders and travelers,
butalsotaverns,markets,warehouses,andsitesforcommercialtaxa-
tionandregulation.Inthishighlyoriginalstudy,ProfessorConstable
traces the complex evolution of this family of institutions from the
pandocheioninlateantiquitytotheappearanceofthefunduqthrough-
out the Muslim Mediterranean following the rise of Islam. By the
twelfth century, with the arrival of European merchants in Islamic
markets,thefunduqevolvedintothefondaco.Thesemerchantcolonies
facilitated trade and travel between Muslim and Christian regions.
Beforelong,fondacosalsoappearedinsouthernEuropeancities.
Thisstudyofthediffusionofthisinstitutionalfamily demonstrates
common economic interests and cross-cultural communications
acrossthemedievalMediterraneanworld,andprovidesastrikingcon-
tributiontoourunderstandingofthisregion.
olivia remie constable isanassociateprofessorintheHistory
Department at the University of Notre Dame. She is the author of
TradeandTradersinMuslimSpain:TheCommercialRealignmentofthe
IberianPeninsula900–1500(1994)andMedievalIberia:Readingsfrom
Christian,Muslim,andJewishSources(1997).

HOUSING THE STRANGER
IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
WORLD
Lodging, Trade, and Travel in Late Antiquity and
the Middle Ages
OLIVIA REMIE CONSTABLE
UniversityofNotreDame
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Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
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© Olivia Remie Constable, 2003
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of
relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place
without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published in print format 2004
isbn-13 978-0-511-16450-7 eBook (EBL)
isbn-10 0-511-16450-5
eBook (EBL)
isbn-13 978-0-521-81918-3 hardback
isbn-10 0-521-81918-0 hardback
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ForGilesandSam

Contents
Listofillustrations page viii
Listofmaps x
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction Acultureoftravel:words,institutions,
andconnections 1
1 “Acceptingallcomers”:across-culturalinstitution
inlateantiquity 11
2 ThetransitionfromByzantiumtotheDa¯ral-Isla¯m 40
3 Commerce,charity,community,andthefunduq 68
4 Coloniesbeforecolonialism:westernChristiantradeand
theevolutionofthefondaco 107
5 Conquestandcommercialspace:thecaseofIberia 158
6 FondacosinSicily,southItaly,andtheCrusaderstates 201
7 ChangingpatternsofMuslimcommercialspaceinthelater
middleages 234
8 Christiancommerceandthesolidificationofthe
fondacosystem 266
9 ThefondacoinMediterraneanEurope 306
Conclusion Achangingworld:newpeoplesand
institutionsintheearlymodernMediterranean 355
Selectedbibliography 362
Index 405
vii
Illustrations
1 ReconstructionofthelargerpandocheionatDayrSim(cid:1)a¯n page30
2 RemainsofaprobablepandocheionatTourmanin
(photographcreditDumbartonOaksResearchLibrary) 32
3 PandocheioninthetaleoftheGoodSamaritan.Detailof
Greekmanuscriptfromtheninthcentury(photographcredit
Bibliothe`quenationaledeFrance) 34
4 PandocheioninthetaleoftheGoodSamaritan.Detailof
Greekmanuscriptfromtheeleventhcentury(photograph
creditBibliothe`quenationaledeFrance) 34
5 PandocheioninthetaleoftheGoodSamaritan.Detail
oftheGoodSamaritanwindowatChartresCathedral,
thirteenthcentury(photographcreditArch.Phot.Paris
Centredesmonumentsnationaux,Paris) 34
6 Planofthe“kha¯n”atQas.ral-H. ayral-Gharb¯ı,nearPalmyra
(copyrightInstitutfranc¸aisd’arche´ologieduProche-Orient,
allrightsreserved) 57
7 Akha¯ninWasit,illustratedintheMaqa¯ma¯tofal-H. ar¯ır¯ı
al-Bas.r¯ı;manuscriptdatedc.1240(photographcopyright
Giraudon/ArtResource,NewYork) 91
8 Akha¯ninWasit,illustratedintheMaqa¯ma¯tofal-H. ar¯ır¯ı
al-Bas.r¯ı;manuscriptdated1237(photographcredit
Bibliothe`quenationaledeFrance) 92
9 PlanandelevationoftheCorraldelCarbo´n(funduqjad¯ıd)
inGranada,fourteenthcentury(copyrightInstitutoMiguel
deAs´ın,ConsejoSuperiordeInvestigacionesCient´ıficas,
Madrid) 250
10 ReceptionofVenetianambassadorsinDamascus,school
ofGentileBellini,early1490s(photographcopyright
Giraudon/ArtResource,NewYork) 294
viii