Table Of Contentr
n
About the Author
Sandra Kynes describes herself as an explorer of Celtic history,
myth, and magic. Her curiosity has taken her to live in New York
City, Europe, England, and New England. Sandra’s inquisi
tiveness has led her to investigate the roots of her beliefs and to
integrate her spiritual path with everyday life. In addition to writ
ing, she is a yoga instructor in coastal Maine and loves con
necting with the natural world through hiking and ocean kayak
ing. Visit her website at www.kynes.net.
Llewellyn Publications
Woodbury, Minnesota
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Dedication
This book is lovingly dedicated to my mother,
who followed a very different spiritual path but always respected
mine.
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Chapter One: Issues, Intentions, and Powers
Chapter Two: The Plant Kingdom
Chapter Three: The Mineral Kingdom
Chapter Four: The Animal Kingdom
Chapter Five: Deities and Other Beings
Chapter Six: Astrological and Time Reckoning
Chapter Seven: Miscellaneous
Appendix: Guide to Plants
Bibliography
Acknowledgments
I want to thank the many people who over the years have shared
and pooled knowledge with me to create meaningful ritual. In
particular: Sarah, Paul, and Shannon, who continually offer en
couragement. I also want to thank Llewellyn editor Elysia Gallo
for her guidance as well as for being my sounding board. And, of
course, family members Lyle Koehnlein and Jessica Weiser, who
are so supportive even when I go in several directions at once.
INTRODUCTION over time by the repeated use of something, stepping off the
beaten path to explore different approaches is when magic really
The first question you may have about this book is: Why another
happens. For a time I was basing my personal divination on
one on magical correspondences? After all, there are already a
color symbolism; however, the colors I used had to come from
number of such books, plus many others that contain lists and
feathers. At this point I don’t remember why feathers had to be
tables, so why this one? First of all, I wanted to correlate as
the source of colors, but it was important to me at the time. A
much information as possible and present it in a way that is well
few weeks after embarking on this avian adventure, I was amazed
organized, straightforward, and easy to use. Second, my aim is to
not only by how many feathers I began to find but also at the
move away from the idea of rote tables and into the concept of a
range of colors. Out of the blue (no pun intended), a friend gift
web where the correspondences we use are not only associated
ed me with several brilliant feathers from her parrot. I felt that
with an intention but also with each other. I will go into detail
magic was definitely afoot or, shall we say, on the wing.
about these later in this introduction.
Integrating my spirituality with everyday life has always been
Personally, I am fascinated with correspondences because they
important to me, and the use of magical correspondences has
are fundamental to how I view the world. There are connections
helped. This was especially true years ago when I worked in the
everywhere; nothing exists in isolation, and everything is asso
corporate world, and it was necessary to avoid straying too far
ciated with something else. When I was in school I loved courses
from the proverbial broom closet. This didn’t completely deter
in world history because they illustrated how civilizations (and
me, but I had to keep things discreet. When I was working to
all they entail) held obvious, as well as obscure, connections
ward a new position, I kept a small ivy plant on my desk to clear
with each other like threads in a tapestry.
away negative energy. I placed it on a turquoise saucer because it
Often when I find connections I like to use them in ways that
is a color that attracts prosperity. To increase the odds in my
help me interact with the world around me. This has been the
favor I also secreted a piece of red-banded agate under the ivy
basis of several of my books— one of which is Change at Hand.
leaves and moved the plant to the north corner of my desk to
To me there were obvious connections between palmistry and re
maintain my intentions for success.
flexology, which I combined into a method of energy work based
Getting a promotion wasn’t the only time I relied on magical
on the four elements. It was a natural flow of associations that fit
correspondences to aid me in office spellwork. For a brief time
together well. Actually, using connections and associations is
there was an extremely negative person in the company, and I
fundamental to how we all think.
had to erect energy barriers. I hid another crystal under the
When it comes to magical correspondences, I found that using
leaves of the ivy plant on my desk— this time a clear quartz point
different ones from time to time provides a way to fine-tune rit
to avert negativity— and I hung a bracelet-sized ring of blue-lace
uals and especially spells. While it is true that power is built up
agate beads on my bulletin board to calm and ground the energy An entire book could be filled with correspondences for just
in my space. Although I had limited room on my desk, I put a plants or deities, but then it would be limited and less useful.
moon-snail seashell and a black-tourmaline bear figurine for pro Coming from a Celtic background and practice, I wanted to in
tection next to the ivy plant. It worked so well that a colleague clude some of the heroes and heroines from this rich mythology;
commented on how I seemed to have fallen off Mr. Negative's however, to keep things balanced I would need to include Norse,
radar. Greek, Roman, and many others, too, but there simply wasn’t
Because there were only smatterings of magical correspon enough space. Balance was a huge factor in deciding what to in
dences here and there in books at that time, I began to compile clude, and with very few exceptions you will find that each item
my own findings. I would not go so far as to call it a grimoire, listed as a correspondence has its own entry and associated
but it became a repository of ideas. These scribblings were the correspondences. Following the thread of one correspondence
beginning of the book you hold in your hands. In addition to my may lead you to new discoveries that enhance your intentions.
own findings, I gathered material from the books listed in the For example, if you notice goldfinch under the entry for Com
bibliography. This thought brings me to the word complete, and munication, and it resonates with you, you might look up the
some ideas about for whom this book is intended. entry for goldfinch. If you do, you will find that this bird is also
Despite the title, compiling a reference for magical correspon associated with the power of the voice and family, which might
dences could easily fill a number of books, so I had to figure out help you fine-tune your magical intent. For this reason I chose to
where to draw the line while covering a lot of ground. Because of include items with correspondences that linked with others to
this, I have tried to focus on things that seem to be used most help you maintain focus while widening your scope. Instead of
frequently in ritual and spellwork, and so this book is for general listing as many animals, deities, or plants as possible, my aim
Pagans and Wiccans rather than for practitioners of high or cere was to include those that furthered the concept of creating a web
monial magic or those who dabble on the darker side. While I of correspondences to support magical intention.
didn’t feel that monsters and generally destructive critters had a Balance and space dictated the length of some entries such as
place here, I also did not want to present a fuzzy-bunny, glitter- those for amethyst, Isis, wolf, and several others. In these cases
and-unicorns version of Paganism. My aim was to be practical. there were so many correspondences that I limited them to the
And while there are many more mythical creatures and magical most prevalent. Also, while I wanted to include a few Afro-
beings, I chose ones based on the frequency with which I was Caribbean deities, I was out of my depth in determining major
finding correspondences for them in my sources. I thought this deities from orishas and loas, as well as out of space to do them
was a relevant indication of their popularity for ritual and magic justice. Likewise, the celebrations I included were based on gen
work. eral relevancy for modern Pagans. In addition, the middle ground
I sought will not please Kabbalists, as the numbers included in associations because they draw us more closely to a profound
the book range from 1 to 13. I thought 13 would be a good sym sense of where we belong in this world. Using correspondences
bolic number to end with. After all, there are 13 annual full weaves together our ideas, beliefs, and energy, and provides a
moons, and it is the traditional number of members in a coven. I deeper psychological meaning to our rituals and spellwork as we
realized that I could not please everyone nor could one book unite individuality with larger purpose.
contain detailed information for all specialties. While I don’t Correspondences function like keys that combine to unlock
think there’s such a thing as an "average” Wiccan or Pagan, I do and tap into energies that aid us in putting forward our inten
believe that there is a middle ground that touches many people tions. The use of correspondences embodies both physical and
who will find this book a helpful addition to their library. symbolic energy and provides the means for uniting the seen
This book is intended as a companion to the many others on and unseen worlds by organizing interrelated aspects of things.
ritual and magic work. It is also intended to encourage individual In his book The Magician’s Companion, Bill Whitcomb noted that
exploration. Become familiar with the deities, plants, and other magic uses the “relationship between consciousness (knowing),
things that interest you, such as the Tarot or Celtic ogham, and information (being), and energy (doing),” and when working
you will find many reasons behind the interrelationship of corre with symbols "different attributions can be considered as expres
spondences. You will probably also forge new ones that hold sions ofthe spirits ofthose symbols."!
special meaning for you. While the use of correspondences has been called sympathetic
magic, why it works is fundamental; as Pagan author Isaac
WHY WE USE
Bonewits noted: the power of one thing can be used through
MAGICAL CORRESPONDENCES
something else connected or associated with it because our
It has been frequently noted that magical correspondences help
brains function through association.^ Let’s take a look at why the
us focus intent and direct energy, but I have always thought that
use of correspondences is basic human nature.
it is a little more complex than this and that our use of them
It is our nature because our brains identify and process infor
operates on a deeper level. As Pagans we often speak about the
mation by association. According to cognitive scientist and pro
web of life, and when we think of the interconnection among
fessor Michael Dawson, this idea goes back to Aristotle’s law of
magical correspondences as a web, we find that it provides a
association by contiguity, which can be summed up as: associ
structure upon which we can weave our intentions.
ations connect ideas that form patterns that, in turn, create new
In one capacity, correspondences serve as links to the past
associations. One way these links are created occurs when two
that allow us to connect with ancient myths and deities as well as
stimuli reach the brain at the same time, or one directly after the
the folklore handed down from not-so-distant centuries. For all
other— they will become associated in the person’s mind.! Links
our modern-day sophistication, we find relevance in these
that are meaningful form stronger associations. For example, the
smell of pine can bring a flood of winter holiday memories about
family, food, and pleasant events.
Figure 2: The interrelationships of correspondences
The brain also creates links, according to author Peter Atkins,
when it receives input and tries to fit any new information into a
Figure l: The intention “love” and several correspondences pattern of association with the data it already has. This happens
because our brains organize and store information as patterns of
association.* These patterns operate on many levels— emotional,
mental, social, and spiritual. As new information is received, the
brain links it with existing patterns, expanding its web of associ
ations.
This brings us full circle to the concept of a web. In books, it's
much easier to present information in table form, which, of
course, is very linear. However, we can bring correspondences to
life by thinking in terms of a web. Doing so allows us not only to
expand the links of attributes, but it also allows us to personalize
the way we use magical correspondences. Figure l illustrates
several different types of correspondences (element, color,
