Limiting Flows in a Spray Liquid-Liquid Extraction Column

121 Pages·5.819 MB·English

by  Haberstroh, William H

LIMBING FLOWi IN k SFHAX LiqOID-tKiOIO ifiXi’KACSIOM COLUMN
by
«V 1111 «tm Henry Haberstrob
A thesis submitted in .partial fulfillment of the requirementa
for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering in the Graduate
College of the 3tat®
University of Iowa
August 1951
ProQuest Number: 10666195
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The author wishes to express his gratitude to
the following personas
Or* J* 0* Osborn* for his guidance In this
research*
Messrs* John Thomas* Paul Harper* Hay Thomas
and Homer Hall* for their assistance in obtaining materials
and in constructing the apparatus.
Mr# Robert A. hind, Jr*, for assistance in
preparing th© drawings.
Mrs. Mary Hatfield for her assistance in preparing
this manuscript*
Hia wife, Colleen, for her ever present confidence
and encouragement and also for her diligent assistance in
the preparation of this dissertation.
11
Life' O i. C *-■-
i'o
ollv L'laii© Haboratroi
II
table of contents
Chapter & a$@
I# INTRODUCTION.......... *......... .1
ii. literatcre survey.». •..... •«••*• . * .. •* ...... .4
III. DESCRIPTION OF AFPARATU8•..*.*••#*•••»**•••• 10
Extraction Column* « • • • •....
Equipment* Layout and Flow•.••*•••••••••.•14
Interfaci&I Tension, Density, Viscosity•*18
IV. MATERIALS Am- PROPERTY ^ikSURKMMTS. .....•.♦19
Materials ..*•••••••••...... . #. #..... #.#.19
Determination of Viscosities#.«••••••••••19
Determination of Interfaelal Tension##•«.19
Determination of Densities••••••##••♦.•##21
Alcoholic KOH. ...... ••••••.••••.•*23
V. BXPEEIM&HTaL FROG ED ORE* *........... 24
Rotameter Calibrations 24
Column Operation# • • • 24
VI# SPHRIMENTAL DATA, CALC'UXATlONo A m REdULTd.26
Equilibrium Data# «.*• <.••*»•*»•«*«••##*..**« 28
Correlation of (HTU)0„ with x 41®.... 28
Ud aC,z
Holdup and Holdup Characteristics * «•###«#36
Correlation of Holdup with Reynolds
Number 42
Correlation of Reynolds Number with
K Ad Group «••••.«•••.,»••••••########♦»#46
Correlation of Flooding Data with a
Modified Breckenfold and Wilke Plot# ###46
iv
Chapter Pag©
VII. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS*......... *55
Errors **■##*### .it**#;.*#*##***######**###**©’-''
Column operation# ......a#.*..«##••«.#*## #56
lyjuiXlbrlum Data# ##..#^#*<###*#.##.*#»## # 08
Correlation of (H‘£U)ow with Ps. x 4l2.. ....58
°W Ud dCd
Correlation of Holdup with Reynolds
Number* . •» »................•#•••.•••***•59
Correlation of Reynolds Number with
ill GrOUp *.60
Correlation of Flooding Data with a
Modified Brockenf eld. and Wilke plot# ##*60
Suggested Method of Evaluating Mass
Transfer Area in a Spray Column**•••••*61
VIII# CONCLUSIONS* . . . *........... *......... ..*63
APPSMDIa . 65
N Oifij.'StRC li/i i SR ^i> # * # * * . * # . 99
REG 0 i/s SEN DAT IONS FOR FUT jRS VlORi.,# ••••.*•*•• *102
,cij. 8Li0ui At AY 104
TABLE dF
Pag©
Lgt
1 attraction Column# - .. *......................*11
2 Dotall Drawing of Noaal© and Dispersed*
pliase Distributor*»*••*••««•#*•••».*•»«•••13
& Flow Diagram of A p p a r a t u s 15
4 Photograph of Apparatus ......... 16
5 Distribution of Ben&olc Acid between
Toluene and Water. ....................29
6 Distribution of 'Dense ic Acid between
Toluene and Water .... .................#.50
7 Variation of (KTU)ow with Bc at Constant
Value s of U^.....♦**,................ .....55
8 Variation of Holdup with at Constant
Values of Wc in a Toluene-water System*...57
9 Variation of holdup with % at Constant
Values of fflc in a iverosene-water System* • .58
10 Variation of Holdup with vVc at Constant
Values of in a Toluene-water System
with and without Extraction Occurring....*59
11 Variation of Holdup with Viic at Constant
Values of in a Eerosane-water System*••40
12 Plot of f/Re versus Reynolds Number••••*•*•.44
15 Plot of Holdup versus Reynolds dumber .*48
14 Plot of K Group versus Reynolds Member*..*50
15 idod if 1© u Bre ckenf e Id and »7i Ik e C or re 1 at i on
of Flooding in a doray Column*............54
vl
Figure Pag©
X© Calibration Curv© for Water Rotameter.,****<*66
17 Calibration of Dlspersoti-phase Rotameter
with Toluene .... .*67
18 Calibration of Diapers© d-*pha a© ■ Rotameter
with Kerosene«••••**••••**••••»#••*•***«*»68
vii
T&BD& UP f.&BLSS
Table i'a-ge
I* Viscosities and Interfacini Tensions of
Karosen©-water and Toluene-water
Systems*+*•***«•**•*.«••**•••***».....
II* Density Data. .. *23
III* Extraction of Benzole Aoid from Toluene
with Water* ••«•«*•**».....*............32
IV* Comparison of Drop Diameters•»»•*•«••**•.47
V* Data for .Elgin and Foust Plot»••*»••••*•*49
VI* Data for Modified Breekanfeld and Milk©
Plot •••••••••*•*•*•«* ...... * 52
VII* Holdup dories Is Toluene-water system,
Contlnuous-ph&s© Stationary.•**••••* * * *69
VIII. Holdup Series 2 8 Toluene-watsr System,
ContInuous-phase Hat@, 2 *47 Ib/rnin.... * 71
IX* Holdup Series 3: Toluene-water System,
Continuous-phase Rate, 5.01 Ib/;mln. . *. *73
X. Holdup Series 4: Toluene-water System,
Continuous-phase Rate, 7*58 lb/mln..««.75
XX* Holdup Series 6s Toluene-water System,
Contlnuoua-phas© Rate, 9.25 Ib/min** *•*77
XII* Holdup Series 6: Toluene-water system,
Dispersed-Pbase Rate, 1 *27 lb/snin......79
XIII. Holdup Series 7: Toluene-water System,
Dispersed-ohase Rate, 1.39 lb/win.*.*..81
XIV. Holdup Series 8: 'Toluene-water system,
Dispersed-ohase Hate, 2.54 lb/min......83
vili
Table Page
XV. Holdup Series 9s Kerosene-water System,
Continueus-phase Hat©, 2.47 lb/mlru... .85
XVI * Holdup Series 10s Kerosene-w&ter System,
Continuous-phase Kate, 5.01 lb/min.»•■ .87
XVII. Holdup dories 11: Kerosene-water System,
Continuous-phase Hate, 7.56 lb/mln.... .89
XVIII. Holdup denies 12: Kerosene-water System,
Continuous-phas© Hate, 9.25 lb/min.... .91
XIX. Holdup Series 15s Kerosene-water System,
Diapers©d-phase Hate, 2.18 Ib/mln.*.•. » 95
XX. Holdup Series 14: Kerosene-water System,
Dispersed-phase Hat®, 2.75 lb/min••••. .95
XXI. Holdup Series 16: Kerosene-water System,
Dispersed-phaa© Hate, 5.51 lb/min..... .97
ix