Legume Nitrogen Fixation in Soils with Low Phosphorus Availability: Adaptation and Regulatory Implication

292 Pages·2017·7.01 MB·English

by  Saad Sulieman

Saad Sulieman · Lam-Son Phan Tran
Editors
Legume Nitrogen
Fixation in
Soils with Low
Phosphorus
Availability
Adaptation and Regulatory Implication
Legume Nitrogen Fixation in Soils
with Low Phosphorus Availability
Saad Sulieman • Lam-Son Phan Tran
Editors
Legume Nitrogen Fixation
in Soils with Low
Phosphorus Availability
Adaptation and Regulatory Implication
Editors
Saad Sulieman Lam-Son Phan Tran
Department of Agronomy Signaling Pathway Research Unit
Faculty of Agriculture RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource
University of Khartoum Science (CSRS)
Shambat, Khartoum North, Sudan Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
ISBN 978-3-319-55728-1 ISBN 978-3-319-55729-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-55729-8
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017939940
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Preface
The essential role of legumes in agriculture is well recognized. The capacity of
legumes to fix atmospheric dinitrogen (N ) in partnership with rhizobia provides an
2
input-saving and resource-conserving alternative, thereby reducing the need for
chemical fertilizers while enhancing overall crop productivity. As leguminous crops
are inextricably linked to the surrounding environment, their mere inclusion in vari-
ous cropping systems does not always ensure the attainment of the estimated opti-
mal levels of symbiotic N fixation in the field. Yield instability represents one
2
important drawback in the development of grain legumes. Thus, special concerns
have to be paid to the factors limiting legume growth in order to obtain a more stable
level of legume production. Obviously, a major constraint to legume production is
low phosphate (Pi) availability in soil. Low Pi availability is especially problematic
for legumes, since legume nodules responsible for N fixation have a high Pi require-
2
ment. This has become a hot issue because of how the mechanisms controlling N
2
fixation in legumes are affected by Pi deficiency; this is not fully understood.
Understanding how nodule N fixation responds to low Pi availability is crucial for
2
improving legume production and maintaining agricultural sustainability in the con-
text of global Pi crisis. In this thoughtful and provocative new book volume, we
provide a concise and up-to-date presentation of the state-of-the-art knowledge of
how current and projected future Pi scarcity will affect legume growth and their
symbiotic N-fixing capabilities.
2
Due to the scarcity of Pi and the significant reduction in global Pi reserves, there
is an urgent need to develop cultivars that are more efficient in acquiring Pi from soil
and/or in using Pi more efficiently. Genetic improvement of Pi-use efficiency in
legumes would be more economic and practical than relying on chemical-Pi fertil-
izers alone. Legume species or genotypes with higher Pi-use efficiency would be
extremely useful. In recent years, much progress has been made in understanding
how Pi starvation affects nodulated legume performance. Thus, we consider that it
is timely to examine the physiological and molecular responses of nodules to Pi
deficiency to identify common principles. In particular, we are interested in know-
ing whether we are now in a position to evaluate our acquired knowledge that might
be applied by plant breeders, particularly through some of the new methods of
v
vi Preface
genetic engineering, to develop such unique and more adaptive cultivars with higher
symbiotic efficiency. A wide range of senior undergraduate and graduate students,
as well as researchers, including molecular biologists, physiologists, ecologists, and
plant breeders in many disciplines related to crop productivity, will find the perspec-
tives and analyses offered by this volume an exciting contribution to the develop-
ment of our understanding in the area of plant stress physiology.
The Legume Nitrogen Fixation in Soils with Low Phosphorus Availability:
Adaptation and Regulatory Implication volume contains thirteen chapters that col-
lectively present the most comprehensive and authoritative review for the impacts of
Pi scarcity on legumes and their symbiotic performance. The first nine chapters
provide a foundation for the four subsequent chapters devoted to individual species.
The attractive candidate species, namely, Medicago truncatula (Chap. 10), common
bean (Chap. 11), soybean (Chap. 12), and white lupine (Chap. 13) represent the
main focus of research on Pi deficiency in legumes. At the outset, we selected three
principal objectives:
First, the contributors should be recognized internationally for their previous
achievements in legume research.
Second, wherever possible, groups of authors with mutually complementary exper-
tise should be invited to collaborate in writing individual chapters.
Third, the volume should reflect worldwide progress in legume’s acclimation to Pi
scarcity and, in particular, the remarkable achievements in recent years.
The authors, we believe, are to be congratulated on the in-depth coverage and
quality of their contributions, given their busy schedules and various commitments.
Numerous colorful figures and tables have been provided to facilitate the compre-
hension of the presented materials.
We gratefully acknowledge all the authors who joined this book project by con-
tributing their valuable work and for their cooperation in bringing out this volume
in time. We would like to express our appreciation to Springer US for taking up the
publication of this volume. Special thanks and gratitude are extended to Dr. Kenneth
Teng (Editor, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Springer New York), Mr. Jeffrey
Taub (Senior Production Editor, Springer New York), and all other staff members of
Springer involved in the production of this endeavor. We hope that readers will
enjoy reading this volume, whose detailed and up-to-date information and knowl-
edge may pave the way to promising areas for future research.
Khartoum North, Shambat, Sudan Saad Sulieman
Yokohama, Japan Lam-Son Phan Tran
Contents
1 The Role of Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis
in Sustainable Agriculture ...................................................................... 1
Takuji Ohyama
2 P Deficiency: A Major Limiting Factor for Rhizobial Symbiosis ....... 21
Alvaro Sanz-Saez, Fermín Morales, Cesar Arrese-Igor,
and Iker Aranjuelo
3 The Influence of Phosphate Deficiency on Legume
Symbiotic N Fixation ............................................................................. 41
2
Davide Martins, Anca Macovei, Paola Leonetti,
Alma Balestrazzi, and Susana Araújo
4 Metabolism and Transport of Carbon in Legume Nodules
Under Phosphorus Deficiency ................................................................ 77
Aleysia Kleinert, Rochelle Thuynsma, Anathi Magadlela,
Vagner A. Benedito, and Alex J. Valentine
5 Oxygen and the Regulation of N Fixation in Legume Nodules
2
Under P Scarcity ..................................................................................... 97
Aleysia Kleinert, Marcellous le Roux, Yun Kang,
and Alex J. Valentine
6 Transport and Metabolism of Nitrogen in Legume Nodules
Under Phosphorus Deficiency ................................................................ 111
Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar, Najam-us-Sahar Sadaf Zaidi,
Zeeshan Ali, Hira Siddiqui, Mariam Fatima, Fatima Abid,
Syed Bilal Nizami, Aneeqa Noor, Ayesha Nazir Khan,
Sarah Faisal, and Alvina Gul
vii
viii Contents
7 Examples of Belowground Mechanisms Enabling Legumes
to Mitigate Phosphorus Deficiency ........................................................ 135
Mohamed Lazali and Adnane Bargaz
8 Role of Plant Hormones and Small Signalling Molecules
in Nodulation Under P Stress ................................................................. 153
Eloise Foo
9 Molecular Communication and Nutrient Transfer
of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Symbiotic
Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria, and Host Plant
in Tripartite Symbiosis ........................................................................... 169
Chunling Chang, Fahad Nasir, Lina Ma, and Chunjie Tian
10 Adaptation to Phosphate Stress by N-Fixing Legumes:
2
Lessons to Learn from the Model Medicago truncatula ...................... 185
Saad Sulieman and Lam-Son Phan Tran
11 Physiological Mechanisms and Adaptation Strategies
in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Under P Deficiency ........... 207
Maria del Socorro Sánchez-Correa and Oswaldo Valdés-López
12 Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms
and Adaptation Strategies in Soybean (Glycine max)
Under Phosphate Deficiency .................................................................. 219
Prince Zogli, Lise Pingault, and Marc Libault
13 White Lupin: A Model System for Understanding Plant
Adaptation to Low Phosphorus Availability ......................................... 243
Claudia Uhde-Stone
Index ................................................................................................................. 281
About the Editors
Dr. Saad Sulieman graduated from the University of
Khartoum in 1998 with distinction in agronomy and
was awarded many prizes for being the best graduate.
He joined the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of
Agriculture, University of Khartoum, as a teaching
assistant in 1999. Subsequently, he obtained an M.Sc.
in crop sciences at the University of Khartoum (2002)
and then a Ph.D. in agricultural chemistry (2009) at
Georg-August University of Göttingen, Germany, with
a scholarship from the German Academic Exchange
Service (DAAD). During his Ph.D. pursuit, he focused

on investigating the physiological characterization of
symbioses contrasting tolerance in nitrogen fixation to major soil limitations. After
completing his Ph.D., he continued to work as a research assistant at the same insti-
tute for a year and a half. He also worked as a postdoctoral fellow at RIKEN Center
for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Yokohama, Japan, for one year (2013)
with a postdoctoral fellowship from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
(JSPS). Recently, he has been awarded a Georg Forster Research Fellowship for
experienced researchers from the Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) Foundation.
Throughout his career, he has taught many students at the B.Sc. and M.Sc. levels.
Sulieman was promoted to lecturer in 2005, assistant professor in 2009, and associ-
ate professor in 2013. Between 2014 and 2016, he was the head of the Department
of Agronomy, University of Khartoum. Throughout the years of his research career,
he has attended many domestic and international meetings, conferences, seminars,
and workshops. He has authored or coauthored more than 35 publications. The main
focus of his research is the field of molecular plant physiology of abiotic stress.
ix
x About the Editors
Dr. Lam-Son Phan Tran is head of the Signaling
Pathway Research Unit at RIKEN Center for
Sustainable Resource Science, Japan. He obtained his
M.Sc. in biotechnology in 1994 and Ph.D. in biologi-
cal sciences in 1997, from Szent Istvan University,
Hungary. After doing his postdoctoral research at the
National Food Research Institute (1999–2000) and the
Nara Institute of Science and Technology of Japan
(2001), in October 2001, he joined the Japan
International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences

to work on the functional analyses of transcription fac-
tors and osmosensors in Arabidopsis plants under environmental stresses. In August
2007, he moved to the University of Missouri–Columbia, USA, as a senior research
scientist to coordinate a research team working to discover soybean genes to be used
for genetic engineering of drought-tolerant soybean plants. His current research
interests are elucidation of the roles of phytohormones and their interactions in abi-
otic stress responses, as well as translational genomics of legume crops with the aim
to enhance crop productivity under adverse environmental conditions. He has pub-
lished over 110 peer-reviewed papers with more than 80 research and 30 review
articles and contributed 8 book chapters to various book editions published by
Springer and Wiley-Blackwell and to the American Society of Agronomy, Crop
Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. He has also
edited 7 book volumes for Springer, including this one.