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Learning iOS Programming, Third Edition
by Alasdair Allan
Copyright © 2013 Alasdair Allan. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
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Editor: Rachel Roumeliotis Cover Designer: Randy Comer
Production Editor: Kristen Borg Interior Designer: David Futato
Proofreader: Rachel Leach Illustrator: Rebecca Demarest
Indexers: Fred Brown and Meghan Jones
March 2013: Third Edition
Revision History for the Third Edition:
2013-03-05: First release
See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449359348 for release details.
Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O’Reilly
Media, Inc. Learning iOS Programming, the image of a lapwing, and related trade dress are trademarks of
O’Reilly Media, Inc.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as
trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc., was aware of a trade‐
mark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no
responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained
herein.
ISBN: 978-1-449-35934-8
[LSI]
Table of Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
1. Why Go Native?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
The Pros and Cons 1
Why Write Native Applications? 2
The Release Cycle 4
Build It and They Will Come 5
2. Becoming a Developer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Registering as an iOS Developer 7
Enrolling in the iOS Developer Program 10
The Mac Developer Program 11
Installing the iOS SDK 11
What Happens When There Is a Beta? 16
Preparing Your iOS Device 16
Creating a Development Certificate 17
Getting the UDID of Your Development Device 20
Creating an App ID 20
Creating a Mobile Provisioning Profile 21
Making Your Device Available for Development 22
3. Your First iOS App. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Objective-C Basics 25
Object-Oriented Programming 25
The Objective-C Object Model 28
The Basics of Objective-C Syntax 29
Creating a Project 30
Exploring the Project in Xcode 34
Our Project in Interface Builder 42
iii
Building the User Interface 44
Connecting the User Interface to the Code 45
Running the Application in the Simulator 49
Putting the Application on Your iPhone 51
4. Coding in Objective-C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Declaring and Defining Classes 53
Declaring a Class with the Interface 53
Defining a Class with the Implementation 55
Object Typing 55
Properties 56
Synthesizing Properties 57
The Dot Syntax 58
Declaring Methods 58
Calling Methods 59
Calling Methods on nil 60
Memory Management 60
Creating Objects 61
The Autorelease Pool 61
The alloc, retain, copy, and release Cycle 62
Automatic Reference Counting 63
The dealloc Method 64
Responding to Memory Warnings 64
Fundamental iOS Design Patterns 64
The Model-View-Controller Pattern 65
Views and View Controllers 66
The Delegates and DataSource Pattern 67
Conclusion 67
5. Table View-Based Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Creating the Project 69
Creating a Table View 70
Running the Code 75
Populating the Table View 77
Building a Model 79
Adding Cities to the Guide 81
Adding Images to Your Projects 84
Connecting the Controller to the Model 86
Mocking Up Functionality with Alert Windows 89
Adding Navigation Controls to the Application 90
Adding a City View 92
Edit Mode 104
iv | Table of Contents
Deleting a City Entry 107
Adding a City Entry 108
The “Add New City” Interface 111
Capturing the City Data 119
6. Other View Controllers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Utility Applications 127
Making the Battery Monitoring Application 129
Tab Bar Applications 140
Adding Another Tab Bar Item 142
Combining View Controllers 147
Modal View Controllers 154
Modifying the City Guide Application 154
The Image Picker View Controller 165
Adding the Image Picker to the City Guide Application 165
Master-Detail Applications 175
Creating a Universal Application 175
Popover Controllers 182
7. Connecting to the Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Detecting Network Status 185
Apple’s Reachability Class 185
Embedding a Web Browser in Your App 200
A Simple Web View Controller 200
Displaying Static HTML Files 210
Getting Data Out of a UIWebView 211
Sending Email 211
Getting Data from the Internet 217
Synchronous Requests 217
Asynchronous Requests 218
Using Web Services 219
8. Handling Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Data Entry 237
UITextField and Its Delegate 238
UITextView and Its Delegate 240
Parsing XML 242
Parsing XML with libxml2 242
Parsing XML with NSXMLParser 244
Parsing JSON 245
NSJSONSerialization 245
The JSON Framework 247
Table of Contents | v
Retrieving Twitter Trends 248
Using the Social Framework 250
The Twitter Trends Application 251
Regular Expressions 260
Introduction to Regular Expressions 260
Storing Data 265
Using Flat Files 265
Storing Information in a SQL Database 266
Core Data 274
9. Using Sensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Hardware Support 275
Network Availability 277
Camera Availability 277
Audio Input Availability 277
GPS Availability 278
Magnetometer Availability 278
Setting Required Hardware Capabilities 278
Persistent WiFi 281
Background Modes 281
Differences Between iPhone and iPad 281
Using the Camera 282
The Core Motion Framework 283
Pulling Motion Data 284
Pushing Motion Data 284
The Accelerometer 285
The Gyroscope 291
The Magnetometer 294
Accessing the Proximity Sensor 298
Using Vibration 300
10. Geolocation and Mapping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
The Core Location Framework 301
Device Heading 304
Location-Dependent Weather 305
Reverse Geocoding 306
Forward Geocoding 307
CLPlacemark Objects 307
Modifying the Weather Application 308
User Location and MapKit 317
vi | Table of Contents
Annotating Maps 325
11. Introduction to iCloud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
How Can I Use iCloud? 333
iCloud Backup 334
Provisioning Your Application for iCloud 334
Using Key-Value Storage 337
Wrapping Up 346
12. Integrating Your Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Application Preferences 349
The Accounts Framework 361
The Social Framework 363
Sending Tweets 363
Making Posts to Facebook 366
Custom URL Schemes 366
Using Custom Schemes 366
Registering Custom Schemes 367
Media Playback 373
Using the Address Book 378
Interactive People Picking 378
Programmatic People Picking 383
Sending Text Messages 383
13. Distributing Your Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Adding Missing Features 385
Adding an Icon 385
Adding a Launch Image 390
Changing the Display Name 393
Enabling Rotation 394
Building and Signing 396
Ad Hoc Distribution 397
Developer-to-Developer Distribution 403
App Store Distribution 403
Submitting to the App Store 404
Building Your Application for App Store Distribution 412
The App Store Resource Center 416
Reasons for Rejection 416
14. Going Further. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Cocoa and Objective-C 421
The iOS SDK 421
Table of Contents | vii
Web Applications 422
PhoneGap 422
Core Data 423
In-App Purchase 423
MKStoreKit 424
Core Animation 424
Game Kit 424
Writing Games 425
Look and Feel 425
Hardware Accessories 426
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
viii | Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1
Why Go Native?
When the iPhone was originally introduced back in 2007, there was no native SDK.
Apple claimed that one wasn’t needed and that applications for the device should be
built as web applications using JavaScript, CSS, and HTML. This didn’t go down well
with the developer community; they wanted direct access to the hardware and integra‐
tion with Apple’s own applications.
Only a few months after the iPhone’s release, the open source community had accom‐
plished something that many thought impossible. Despite Apple locking the device
down, developers had gained access, reverse-engineered the SDK, and gone on to build
a free open source tool chain that allowed them to build native applications for the
device. At one point, it was estimated that more than one-third of the iPhones on the
market had been “jailbroken” by their users, allowing them to run these unsanctioned
third-party applications.
However, the book you hold in your hands isn’t about the open source “hacker” SDK,
because in March 2008, less than a year after the release of the first iPhone, Apple publicly
changed its mind and released a native SDK to a waiting developer community. Whether
this release was in response to the open source community’s efforts, or perhaps because
it was just the plan by a notoriously secretive Apple all along, we’ll probably never know.
The Pros and Cons
When the native SDK was introduced, a number of people in the industry argued that
it was actually a step backward for developers. They felt that web-based applications
were good enough. By writing code specifically for the iPhone in Objective-C, you were
making it more difficult to port your applications, and porting a web application more
or less consisted of simply restyling it using a new CSS template.
1
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