Table Of Content

LASERINDUCEDBREAKDOWNSPECTROSCOPYOFGASESANDAEROSOLS FUNDAMENTALSTUDIESANDANALYTICALAPPLICATIONS By EMILYMEHGANGIBB ADISSERTATIONPRESENTEDTOTHEGRADUATESCHOOL OFTHEUNIVERSITYOFFLORIDAINPARTIALFULFILLMENT OFTHEREQUIREMENTSFORTHEDEGREEOF DOCTOROFPHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITYOFFLORIDA 2004 DedicatedtoGrannyPayneandMomandDadfortheirlove,support,andguidance. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Iwouldliketothankmyadvisor,Dr.JamesWinefordner,forbeingawonderful mentorandforencouragingmetocontinueteachinginanywayIcan. Iwouldliketo thankDr.NicoOmenettoforallhishelpfuldiscussionsandteachingsinspectroscopybut mostimportantlyforhiscontagiousenthusiasmforscience. Iwouldalsoliketo acknowledgeDr.VlastaHorvaticforexplainingeveryderivationsoclearly,forhelping meseemydatafromalldirections,andmostofallforherfriendship. Iwould additionallyliketothankDr.IgorGomushkinforallhisteachingsandhelpful experimentaladvice. IwouldalsoliketothankDr.BenSmithforkeepingasmileonmy face,givingmehope,andnotkickingmeoutofhisofficewhenIamaskinghimwhat mustseemlikethemillionthquestion. IwouldalsoliketothankDr.DavidHahnforsharinghisknowledgeofLIBSof aerosolsandforlettingmeworkwithhim. IalsowanttothankJorgeCarranzafor teachingmealloftheintricaciesbehindLIBSofaerosolsandforbeingsomuchfunto workwith. IalsowanttoacknowledgeDanielleDickinsonforpatientlysharingherknowledge aboutsporesbothinhelpfuldiscussions/tutorialsandbylettingmetagalongwhileshe grewsporesandforprovidingsporesamples. Iwouldlastlyliketoacknowledgemyfamilyandfriends. Iwanttothankall WinefordnerandHarrisiongroupmemberscurrentandformer. IwanttothankTiffany CorrellandJamshidTemirov,forhelpingmesurvivethispastfewyears. Iwould especiallyliketothankTiffanyforsharingherknowledgeofspectroscopy,whichis beyondheryearsandforherwonderfulfriendship. IwanttothankJamshidforsharing hisamazingknowledgeofcomputersandforalsobeingsuchagreatfriend. Iwouldlike tothankDanielleforherfriendshipandforlendingherearwheneverIneededit. IwouldespeciallyliketothankLeslieO’NeilandGinaGugluizzaforputtingup withmeandfortheirwonderfulfriendship. IalsowanttothankLauralReitfert,and EmilyPlowmanfortheiramazingfriendshipandsupport. Iespeciallywanttothankmyparentsfornotonlysupportingandlovingmeatall timesbutforinspiringmeandpushingmetogobeyondmyexpectations. Iwouldalso liketothankmybrotherforhissupportandlove. Iwanttothankmygrandmothernot onlyforlovingmebutalsoforteachingmethatseeingthegoodineveryoneisthetrue secrettohappiness. IwouldlastlyliketothankAdamSnyder,whohasbeenapartofmylifeforashort timebutwhoseloveandsupporthavesurpassedallmyexpectations. Ialsowanttothank himforputtingthepastfewmonthsinperspective. Ilastlyalsowanttoacknowledge himforhiseditingassistance. IV 3 TABLEOFCONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii ABSTRACT vii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 FUNDAMENTALSOFLASERINDUCEDBREAKDOWNSPECTROSCOPYOF GASESANDAEROSOLSANDRECENTDEVELOPMENTSIN APPLICATIONSANDPLASMADETERMINATIONS 2 HistoricalBackground 2 Fundamentals 2 PhysicsofLaserInducedBreakdown 2 SpectroscopicPrinciples 5 BoltzmannTemperatureDeterminations 5 SahaDeterminations 6 FundamentalStudiesandApplications 7 RecentFundamentalStudies 7 RecentApplications 1 3 CURVEOFGROWTHMETHODOLOGYAPPLIEDTOLASERINDUCED BREADKDOWNSPECTROSCOPYPLASMASOFGASES 30 Introduction 30 Background 31 Theory 33 Experimental 38 Instrumentsetup 38 GasIntroductionandMixingSystem 40 AnalyteandMixingGasSelection 41 ResultsandDiscussion 44 ConclusionsandFutureWork: 79 V 4 LASERINDUCEDBREAKDOWNSPECTROSCOPYASADETECTORFOR SPORES 81 Background 81 TheoreticalConsiderations 84 Experimental 88 SporeSamples 88 LIBSSetup 89 SingleSporeDetection 89 BulkAnalysis 93 ResultsandDiseussion 95 SingleSporeDetection 95 BulkAnalysis 99 ConclusionsandFutureWork 105 LISTOFREFERENCES 110 BIOGRAPHICALSKETCH 117 VI AbstractofDissertationPresentedtotheGraduateSchool oftheUniversityofFloridainPartialFulfillmentofthe RequirementsfortheDegreeofDoctorofPhilosophy LASERINDUCEDBREAKDOWNSPECTROSCOPYOFGASESANDAEROSOLS: FUNDAMENTALSTUDIESANDANALYTICALAPPLICATIONS By EmilyMehganGibb May2004 Chair: JamesWinefordner MajorDepartment: Chemistry ConsiderableresearchhasbeendoneontheanalysisofsingleparticlesinLaser InducedBreakdownSpectroscopy(LIBS);however,plasmasformedingasesoraerosols atatmosphericpressurehavenotbeensufficientlycharacterized. Ithaspreviouslybeen determinedthattheintroductionofparticlesintoagasplasmadoesnotsignificantly changeparameterssuchasplasmaexcitationtemperature. Thisinfersthatonce fundamentalparametersofanairplasmaaredetermined,thenthesesameparameters wouldapplytoaplasmaencompassingasingleparticle. Curveofgrowth(COG) methodologyprovidesinformationregardingspectralbroadeningprocessesfor absorptionandemissionmeasurementsinflamesandhasrecentlybeenimplementedfor theresonancetransitionofchromiuminLIBSanalysisofstainlesssteelstandards. Inthis workthecurveofgrowthmethodologywasappliedtoaplasmaformedinagaseous sample,amixofcarbondioxide,CO2,andargon,andthecurvesweregeneratedusing thenon-resonancetransitionsofC(I),at193.0905nmand247.8561. Thesetransitions Vll wereselectedbecausetheyundergoselfabsorptionandemitradiationintheultraviolet andvisibleregion,theregionofdetectionfortypicalLIBSinstrumentation. The applicabilityofthistheorytoLIBSofgasplasmaswasassessed. Theexperimental calibrationplotsplateauedanddecreased,notallowingthebroadeningeffectstobe elicitedthroughthecurveofgrowthmethod. Diagnosisofthecausebehindtheunusual calibrationplotswasperformedusingadditionalexperimentsexaminingtheoxygen emission,andexaminingthelinebroadeningofbothofthesetransitions. The dissociationfractionoftheCO2changedasmoreCO2wasadded. Broadeningprocesses intheplasmawereabletobedeterminedandtheinstrumentalrequirementstoutilize COGtheorywereascertained. Thethreatofadditionalterroristattackswithbiologicalagentssuchasanthraxhas placeddetectionofbioaerosolsandspecificallybacillussporesattheforefrontofLIBS applications. ThepossibilityofusingLIBSfordetectionofsinglesporeswasexplored theoreticallyandtheanalysisofsinglesporesofBacilluslicheniformiswasperformed withanintensifiedchargecoupledevice(iCCD). Limitationsofthemethodforsingle sporeanalysiswerealsodetermined. viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Thisworkfocusedonfurthercharacterizingtheaerosolplasmaanddeveloping LIBSasadetectorforBacilllusspores. InChapter2,backgroundonLaserInducedBreakdownSpectroscopy(LIBS)is givenfocusingonLIBSofgasesandaerosols. Firstthefundamentalsofbreakdownin gasesandaerosolsarediscussedandthenthespectroscopicprinciplesofLIBSplasmas arealsoreviewed. RecentworkdoneonplasmaparametersanddevelopmentsinLIBS basedapplicationsforgasandaerosolanalysisarealsopresented. Chapter3givesbackgroundonthecurveofgrowth(COG)methodandbroadening processes. Thereasonsbehindthechoiceoftheanalytegas,carbondioxide,andthe mixinggasargonarepresented. Theexperimentalassessmentoftheapplicabilityofthe theorytoLIBSplasmasofgasesispresented. Broadeningparametersareshownand explanationsoftheexperimentaldataaregiven. Instrumentalmodificationsare suggestedforassessingthetruepotentialofthecurveofgrowththeoryfordetermination ofplasmaparameters. ThecurrenttechniquesforB.sporedetectionareshownandtheiradvantagesand limitationsarediscussedinChapter4. Principlesbehindthedetectionofsporeswith LIBSarediscussed. Additionally,singlesporedetectionofB.licheniformisisaccessed andtheparticlesizedistributionoftheaerosolgeneratedfromthesporesolutionsis presented. Spectrafromsporestakenonasubstratearepresentedandareanalyzedvia principalcomponentanalysis. Thepotentialandlimitationsofthetechniquearealso discussed. 1 CHAPTER2 FUNDAMENTALSOFLASERINDUCEDBREAKDOWNSPECTROSCOPYOF GASESANDAEROSOLSANDRECENTDEVELOPMENTSINAPPLICATIONS ANDPLASMADETERMINATIONS HistoricalBackground ThedevelopmentoftherubylaserbyTheodoreMaimanin1960’ledtothefirst laserinducedplasma(LIP)in1962.^ Insubsequentyears,Makerandcoworkersformed alaserinducedplasmainair.^ Thetechniquewasexploredmainlybyphysicistsand therewaslimitedexplorationintoitsanalyticalcapabilitiesuntilthe1980s. Thereare manyexcellentreviewsonlaserinducedplasmaspectroscopy(LIPS),or,asitis otherwiseknown,laserinducedbreakdownspectroscopy(LIBS),forworkdonepriorto 1997.*^’^ Alsoatextbookhasbeenwrittenonthesubject^andtwocomprehensivereviews havebeenpublishedthatfocusonLIBSofaerosolsandgases.^’* Thefocusofthiswork istoreviewthefundamentalsofLIBSofgasesandaerosolsandpresentsomerecent researchintothefundamentalsandapplicationsofLIBSofgasesandaerosols. Fundamentals PhysicsofLaserInducedBreakdown InLIBS,alaserisfocusedthroughalenstoformaplasmaeitheronatargetorin air. Seedelectrons,createdbymultiphotonionizationorelectrontunneling,inthe plasmawillundergocascadegrowthwhentheyabsorblaserradiationviainverse Bremsstrahlungcollisions. Theseelectron-neutralspeciescollisions,betweenelectrons andsurroundinggasmolecules,facilitatetheabsorptionofphotonsoflaserenergy. This cascadegrowth,alsotermedavalancheionization,causestheelectrondensitytoincrease 2

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of gases and aerosols : fundamental studies and analytical applications PDF

2004·4.7 MB·English

by Gibb, Emily Mehgan

#americana #univ_florida_smathers #UFRDS

Checking for file health...

Save to my drive

Quick download

Download

Download Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of gases and aerosols : fundamental studies and analytical applications PDF Free - Full Version

by Gibb, Emily Mehgan| 2004| 4.7| English

Download Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of gases and aerosols : fundamental studies and analytical applications by Gibb, Emily Mehgan in PDF format completely FREE. No registration required, no payment needed. Get instant access to this valuable resource on PDFdrive.to!

Free Download PDF

About Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of gases and aerosols : fundamental studies and analytical applications

No description available for this book.

Detailed Information

Author:	Gibb, Emily Mehgan
Publication Year:	2004
Language:	English
File Size:	4.7
Format:	PDF
Price:	FREE

Download Free PDF

Safe & Secure Download - No registration required

Why Choose PDFdrive for Your Free Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of gases and aerosols : fundamental studies and analytical applications Download?

100% Free: No hidden fees or subscriptions required for one book every day.
No Registration: Immediate access is available without creating accounts for one book every day.
Safe and Secure: Clean downloads without malware or viruses
Multiple Formats: PDF, MOBI, Mpub,... optimized for all devices
Educational Resource: Supporting knowledge sharing and learning

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it really free to download Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of gases and aerosols : fundamental studies and analytical applications PDF?

Yes, on https://PDFdrive.to you can download Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of gases and aerosols : fundamental studies and analytical applications by Gibb, Emily Mehgan completely free. We don't require any payment, subscription, or registration to access this PDF file. For 3 books every day.

How can I read Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of gases and aerosols : fundamental studies and analytical applications on my mobile device?

After downloading Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of gases and aerosols : fundamental studies and analytical applications PDF, you can open it with any PDF reader app on your phone or tablet. We recommend using Adobe Acrobat Reader, Apple Books, or Google Play Books for the best reading experience.

Is this the full version of Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of gases and aerosols : fundamental studies and analytical applications?

Yes, this is the complete PDF version of Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of gases and aerosols : fundamental studies and analytical applications by Gibb, Emily Mehgan. You will be able to read the entire content as in the printed version without missing any pages.

Is it legal to download Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of gases and aerosols : fundamental studies and analytical applications PDF for free?

https://PDFdrive.to provides links to free educational resources available online. We do not store any files on our servers. Please be aware of copyright laws in your country before downloading.

The materials shared are intended for research, educational, and personal use in accordance with fair use principles.