Language and cognition

280 Pages·1981·11.083 MB·

by  Alexander Luria

NUNC COGNOSCO EX PARTE
THOMASJ. BATA LIBRARY
TRENT UNIVERSITY
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LANGUAGE
AND COGNITION

LANGUAGE
AND COGNITION
ALEXANDER R. LURIA
PROFESSOR OF PSYCHOLOGY
MOSCOW UNIVERSITY
Edited by
JAMES V. WERTSCH
V.H. WINSTON & SONS
1981 Washington, D.C.
A Wiley-Interscience Publication
JOHN WILEY & SONS
New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore
er
English language translation published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1981
All rights reserved. Published simultaneously in Canada.
Copyright © 1982, by V. H. Winston & Sons, a Division of Scripta
Technica, Inc. Original © by Nauka.
All rights reserved. Printed in the United states of America. No part of
this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission
of the publisher.
Translation of this study was supported through the Special Foreign
Currency Program of the National Library of Medicine, National
Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, Bethesda, MD.
Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number 81-70188
ISBN 0-471-09302-5
Composition by Marie A. Maddalena, Scripta Technica, Inc.
Printed in the United States of America
10 9876543
Contents
EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM OF LANGUAGE AND CONSCIOUSNESS 17
CHAPTER 2 THE WORD AND ITS SEMANTIC STRUCTURE 31
Origins of the Word: from Sympractical to Synsemantic Word Structure 31
The Semantic Structure and Function of the Word 34
The Word and Its Semantic Field 35
The Categorical Meaning of a Word 37
Lexical Functions and the Valency of Words 39
Summary 40
CHAPTER 3 THE DEVELOPMENT OF WORD MEANING IN
ONTOGENESIS 43
Meaning and Sense 44
The Ontogenesis of the Referential Function 46
The Development of Word Meaning 50
CHAPTER 4 THE INVESTIGATION OF CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT 55
The Method of Concept Definition 56
The Method of Comparison and Differentiation 58
The Method of Classification 60
V
3S7S75
vi CONTENTS
The Method of Forming Artificial Concepts 65
The Study of the Conscious Understanding of the Lexical Composition of
Language 68
CHAPTER 5 THE OBJECTIVE STUDY OF SEMANTIC FIELDS 71
The Use of Associative Methods in Evaluating Semantic Fields 72
The Use of Scales to Measure Semantic Fields 72
The Characterization of Semantic Fields 73
Objective Methods for Investigating the Multidimensional Associations of
a Word 76
Recall and the Psychological Analysis of the Nominative Function of
Speech 82
Summary 85
CHAPTER 6 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROLE OF SPEECH IN
MENTAL PROCESSES: THE REGULATIVE FUNCTION OF
SPEECH AND ITS DEVELOPMENT 87
The Problem of the Voluntary Act 88
The Genesis of the Regulative Function of Adults’ Speech to Children 90
The Psychological Foundations of the Regulative Function of Speech 96
CHAPTER 7 INNER SPEECH AND THE CEREBRAL ORGANIZATION
OF THE REGULATIVE FUNCTION OF SPEECH 103
The Formation and the Structure of Inner Speech 104
The Cerebral Organization of the Regulative Function of Speech 108
CHAPTER 8 THE SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF THE
SENTENCE 115
The Problem of Language Units 115
The Psychological Problem of the Sentence as an Utterance Unit 116
The Structural Analysis of the Sentence 120
A Critique of the Formal-Syntactic Analysis of the Sentence and Genera¬
tive Semantics 125
CHAPTER 9 COMPLEX UTTERANCE FORMS: PARADIGMATIC COM¬
PONENTS IN SYNTAGMATIC STRUCTURES 129
Theoretical Foundations 129
Fundamental Ways of Expressing Relationships 131
Complex Syntactical Structures 141
Semantic Inversion 144
Conclusion 245
CHAPTER 10 SPEECH PRODUCTION 147
The Motive of an Utterance 147
The Utterance Plan 250
The Initial Semantic Graph 252
Inner Speech 253
The Formation of an Expanded Speech Utterance 154