Langenscheidt Standard German Dictionary: German-English, English-German

1396 Pages·1993·52.1 MB·German, English

by  Heinz Messinger, Gisela Türck, Helmut Willmann

LangenscheidI
Standard
German
Dictionary
X ^ German-English
I English-German
Enlarged and
updated edition
LANGENSCHEIDT’S
STANDARD GERMAN
DICTIONARY
German-English
English-German
This authoritative dictionary continues
to be a favorite with students, teachers
and the general reader alike.
New edition features include
• 120,000 references, with hundreds
of up-to-date terms from genetic
engineering to surrogate mother,
and Alibifrau to Treibhauseffekt.
• Full pronunciation and grammati¬
cal information
• Examples of current usage
• Colloquialisms and American
idioms
• Specialist vocabulary from a wide
variety of fields
And much more ...
Two volumes in one / 1,392 pages
Langenscheidt Publishers, Inc.
46-35 54th Road,
Maspeth, NY 11378
LANGENSCHEIDT’S
STANDARD
GERMAN DICTIONARY
German-English
English-German
by
Heinz Messinger, Gisela Türck
and Helmut Willmann
Completely revised edition
LANGENSCHEIDT
NEW YORK • BERLIN • MUNICH • VIENNA • ZURICH
Neither the presence nor the absence of a des¬
ignation that any entered word constitutes a
trademark should be regarded as affecting the
legal status of any trademark.
This dictionary is also available in a smaller type size in the
Langenscheidt Compact Dictionary Series.
Copyright 1993 by Langenscheidt KG, Berlin and Munich
Printed in Germany
First Part
German-English
by
Heinz Messinger
and
Gisela Türck
Table of Contents
First Part
Guide for the User . 7
Dictionary .15-702
German Abbreviations . 703
Alphabetical List of the German Irregular Verbs. 713
Phonetic Alphabet. 715
Numerals . 716
German Weights and Measures. 718
The Länder of the Federal Republic of Germany. 720
The Länder of the Republic of Austria . 720
The Cantons of the Swiss Confederation . 720
Second Part
Guide for the User . 722
Dictionary . 725
Proper Names . 1364
Geographical Names . 1369
Abbreviations . 1376
Numerals . 1388
Weights and Measures . 1390
Conversion of Temperatures . 1391
Preface
This edition of “Langenscheidt’s German-English Standard Dictionary” has
been completely revised for the nineties. For many years this dictionary has
been part of the vocabulary of language students: when someone said they had
a “Langenscheidt”, it was usually this standard work they were referring to.
The German-English Standard Dictionary is regularly revised. After being
ufxlated and expanded in the eighties, the dictionary has now undergone a
complete revision as well as a formal overhaul by Langenscheidt’s editorial
staff. The present “German-English Standard Dictionary” has been specifical¬
ly prepared for the English-speaking user; it provides the pronunciation and
stress of the German entry, states the genitive and plural of nouns and, in the
case of verbs, indicates whether they are conjugated with “haben” or “sein”.
All irregular forms are also given.
The introduction of new typefaces has made the dictionary even clearer and
thus more user-friendly. The headwords now appear in sans serif letters, which
makes them easier to find. Phrases - example sentences, idioms, collocations -
are emphasized by a new boldface type, which, as it is an italic face, cannot be
confused with the boldface of the headwords.
Another feature that adds to the clarity of presentation is the restructuring
of the individual entries making more use of Roman and Arabic numerals to
separate the main meanings from subsidiary meanings, and more economical
use of the tilde to represent the headword.
As part of the updating process, every entry of the previous edition has been
carefully examined and any obsolescent vocabulary “rooted out”, thus guar¬
anteeing that the present revised edition truly reflects the language of today.
One of the Standard Dictionary’s strengths has always been its large number
of new words. Great care has therefore again been taken to ensure that
alongside general vocabulary and modern technical terms, a particularly large
number of new colloquialisms and young people’s jargon should be taken up.
The editors responsible for the present German-English/English-German
Standard Dictionary, Helmut Willmann, Heinz Messinger and Gisela Türck,
also compiled “Langenscheidts Kleiner Muret-Sanders” (1982, 1985). Thus
we have been able to draw on their long experience as lexicographers.
Great dictionaries don't change - they mature. While preserving its time-hon¬
oured basic structure, this revised edition offers today’s language together with
an even more user-friendly layout. We trust that the German-English Stan¬
dard Dictionary will therefore continue to be the popular reference work it has
always been.
LANGENSCHEIDT
6
Vorwort
Dies ist eine vollständige Neubearbeitung von „Langenscheidt’s Standard
Dictionary German-English“ für die neunziger Jahre. Seit vielen Jahren ist das
Standard Dictionary für den Spracheniemenden ein Begriff: Die Äußerung
„Ich habe einen Langenscheidt“ bedeutete häufig, daß man dieses Standard¬
wörterbuch sein eigen nannte.
In regelmäßigen Abständen wurde das Standard Dictionary neu bearbeitet.
Nach einer Überarbeitung und erweiterten Neuausgabe in den achtziger Jah¬
ren erfuhr das Werk jetzt in der Redaktion des Verlags eine völlige inhaltliche
Neubearbeitung und formale Umgestaltung. Das vorliegende Standard
Dictionary richtet sich in erster Linie an englische Muttersprachler; deutsche
Stichwörter haben entweder Lautschrift oder Betonungsakzente, bei Substan¬
tiven wird der Genitiv und der Plural angegeben, und bei Verben erfolgt ein
Hinweis darauf, ob sie mit „haben“ oder „sein“ konstruiert werden. Weiterhin
werden auch alle unregelmäßigen Formen angegeben.
Durch neue Schriftarten wurde das Standard Dictionary übersichtlicher
und damit noch benutzerfreundlicher. Die Stichwörter, jetzt in gleichmäßig
starken (serifenlosen) Buchstaben wiedergegeben, lassen sich dadurch leichter
auffmden. Die Wendungen - Anwendungsbeispiele, idiomatische Redensar¬
ten, Kollokationen - werden durch eine neue „halbfette“ Schrift stärker
hervorgehoben. Da es sich hierbei um eine halbfette Kursivschrift (Schräg¬
schrift) handelt, wirkt sie bei der Stichwortsuche nicht störend.
Auch durch die Neugestaltung der Stichwortartikel mit der stärkeren Ver¬
wendung von römischen und arabischen Ziffern zur Gliedenmg der Haupt-
und Nebenbedeutungen und durch die sparsamere Verwendung der Tilde als
Wiederholungszeichen haben die Wörterbuchseiten an Übersichtlichkeit ge¬
wonnen.
Zum Inhalt: Jede Zeile des bisherigen Standard Dictionary wurde sorgfäl¬
tig überprüft und auf veraltendes Wortgut „abgeklopft“. Damit ist sicherge¬
stellt, daß die vorhegende Neubearbeitung die Sprache von heute spricht.
Das große Angebot an Neuwörtem zählte schon inuner zu den Stärken des
Standard Dictionary. Mit großer Sorgfalt wurde daher wiederum die Auswahl
der neu aufzunehmenden Wörter vorgenommen. Neben dem allgemein¬
sprachlichen und fachsprachlichen modernen Wortschatz wurde vor allem der
Bereich der Umgangssprache und der Jugendsprache bei den Neuaufnahmen
berücksichtigt.
Die Bearbeiter des vorüegenden deutsch-enghschen/englisch-deutschen
Standard Dictionary, Helmut Willmann, Heinz Messinger und Gisela Türck,
kompilierten auch „Langenscheidts Kleiner Muret-Sanders“ (1982, 1985);
somit konnten langjährige lexikographische Erfahrungen genutzt werden.
Great dictionaries don't change - they mature: Unter Beibehaltung der
bewährten Grundstruktur bietet diese Neubearbeitung die Sprache von heute
plus ein deutliches Mehr an Übersichtlichkeit. Wir hoffen, daß das
deutsch-englische Standard Dictionary damit das beliebte handliche Nach¬
schlagewerk bleiben wird.
LANGENSCHEIDT
Guide for the User
1. Alphabetical order has been maintained throughout the dictionary. Note that
the umlaut forms ä, ö and ü are treated as a, o and u. Thus “Müll” will be found
directly after “Mull” and before “Müsli”, ß is treated as ss.
2. The tilde or swung dash (~, ~) is used for economy of space. The boldface tilde
(~) stands for the entire headword or, in the case of compounds, for the part of the
word preceding the vertical bar (|). In the example phrases and the explanations in
italics, the tilde (~, ~) stands for the boldfaced word immediately preceding, which
itself may have been formed with the aid of the boldfaced tilde.
When the initial letter of a headword changes from a capital to a small letter, or vice
versa, this is indicated by a circle placed above the tilde: 2 or 2, e.g.
Abflug m ... takeoff, ... 2bereit adj ready for takeoff. ~halle f ...
3. Arrangement of the entries. Entries are generally divided up by means of
a) Roman numerals to distinguish parts of speech (noun, adjective, adverb;
transitive, intransitive or reflexive verb, etc)
b) Arabic numerals (running consecutively within the article and independent of
Roman numerals) to differentiate between meanings
c) small letters for further differentiation of meaning.
Examples'.
a) gehen ['geian] (ging, gegangen, sn) I v//1. (zu Fuß ~) walk,... II v/impers M.jig.
es geht a) it works, ... Ill vjt 20. walk (distance etc), ...
b) böse ['boiza] I adj 1. bad, evil, ... II adv 6. badly ...
c) machen ... 13. do: laß ihn nur a) let him (do as he pleases)!, b) just leave it to
him!
4. Semantic differences are indicated by symbols and abbreviations preceding the
translation (see list on page 8).
5. Untranslatable German words are defined in italics:
Assessor ... civil servant (lawyer, teacher, etc) who has completed hisiher second
state examination.
6. Spelling. Differences in British and American spelling are indicated as follows:
colo(u)r
defen/ce (Am. -se)
program(me Br.)
sulphonamide (Am. -f-)
The abbreviations esp. Am. and esp. Br. indicate that the spelling or translation
referred to also occurs in British and American English respectively, though far less
frequently.
8
7. Pronunciation. As a general rule either full or partial pronunciation is given for
every simple entry word, the symbols used are those laid down by the International
Phonetic Association. All the phonetic symbols used in the dictionary are explained
in the Key to Pronunciation on page 10.
Every headword that does not consist of words listed and phonetically transcribed
elsewhere in the dictionary is followed by its pronunciation in square brackets; Blüte
('blyits] ...
Compound and derivative entries formed with elements listed and phonetically
transcribed elsewhere in the dictionary are provided with a stress mark ['] in front of
the stressed syllable: 'Blütenhonig ...
Derivatives after a simple entry are often only provided with accent and part of the
pronunciation. That part, of the word which is not transcribed phonetically has,
except for differences in stress, a pronunciation identical with that of the correspon¬
ding part of the preceding entry:
Kondensat [konden'zait] n ... Kondensation [-za'tsiom] / ... Kondensator
[-’zaitor] m ... kondensieren [-'zi:rsn] ...
A number of the more common initial and final elements occurring in derivatives and
compounds have not been transcribed phonetically after every derivative entry. They
have been collected, together with their phonetic transcription, in a comprehensive
list on page 12.
8. Symbols
~ s see Guide for the User, paragraph 2, «• railway
2/0« page 7 and paragraph /, on page y aviation
722 postal affairs
F familiar, colloquial language t musical term
V vulgar A architecture
t obsolete / electrical engineering, electronics
QP technical term legal term
botany A mathematics
0 technology agriculture
mining 'S chemistry
X military term medicine
^ nautical term —► see
"f economic term
9. Abbreviations
a. also antiq. antiquity, Antike
abbr. abbreviation art article
acc accusative (case) astr. astronomy
adj adjective attr attributively
adm. administrative bibl. biblical
adv adverb biol. biology
allg. allgemein, generally Br. in British usage only
Am. (originally or chiefly) American b.s. bad sense
English coll collective noun
amer. American, amerikanisch comp comparative
anat. anatomy conj conjunction