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International Perspectives,
Models, and Trends
Edited by
John A. Winterdyk
Boca Raton London New York
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Contents
Contributors vii
1 Introduction: Juvenile Justice in the International Arena 1
JOHN A. WINTERDYK
2 Of Justice and Juveniles in Austria: Achievements and
Challenges 25
KARIN BRUCKMÜLLER AND STEFAN SCHUMANN
3 Youth Justice and Youth Crime in Australia 55
MICHAEL O’CONNELL AND ELIZABETH O’CONNELL
4 Administration of Juvenile Justice in Brazil: Recent
Advances and Remaining Challenges 89
ALINE YAMAMOTO, JULIANA CARDOSO BENEDETTI,
KARYNA BATISTA SPOSATO, MARISA MENESES DE ANDRADE,
AND NATÁLIA LAGO
5 Juvenile Justice and Young Offenders:
A Canadian Overview 107
JOHN A. WINTERDYK AND ANNE MILLER
6 China’s Juvenile Justice: A System in Transition 137
RUOHUI ZHAO, HONGWEI ZHANG, AND JIANHONG LIU
7 The Iranian Juvenile Criminal Justice System:
An Overview 163
TAHMOORES BASHIRIYEH AND MOHAMMAD ALI RAJAB
8 Juvenile Justice and Juvenile Crime: An Overview of Japan 179
YOKOYAMA MINORU
9 Child Justice in Namibia: Back to Square One? 209
STEFAN SCHULZ
v
vi Contents
10 Juvenile Justice and Juvenile Crime in the Netherlands 239
HENK B. FERWERDA
11 The Scottish Juvenile Justice System: Policy and Practice 263
LESLEY McARA AND SUSAN McVIE
12 Juvenile Justice in Slovakia 295
DAGMAR KUSA AND ANNE M. NURSE
13 South Africa’s New Child Justice System 321
ANN SKELTON AND R. MORGAN COURTENAY
14 Juvenile Justice: England and Wales 343
LORAINE GELSTHORPE AND VICKY KEMP
15 Juvenile Justice in the United States 369
PETER J. BENEKOS AND ALIDA V. MERLO
Contributors
Tahmoores Bashiriyeh Vicky Kemp
Department of Criminal Law and Criminology School of Law
University of Tehran (Formerly) University of Nottingham
Tehran, Iran Nottingham, England
Juliana Cardoso Benedetti Dagmar Kusa
Chief International Advisor Bratislava International School of Liberal Arts
Secretariat for Human Rights of the Presidency of Bratislava, Slovakia
the Republic
São Paulo, Brazil Natália Lago
Youth Project Advisor in the NGO
Peter J. Benekos “Ação Educativa”
Department of Criminal Justice and Sociology São Paulo, Brazil
Mercyhurst University
Erie, Pennsylvania Jianhong Liu
Department of Sociology
Karin Bruckmüller Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities
Department for Criminal Law University of Macau
Criminal Procedure Law Macau, China
Philosophy and Sociology of Law
Ludwig-Maximilians-University Lesley McAra
Munich, Germany School of Law
University of Edinburgh
and
Old College, South Bridge
Department for Criminal Justice Practice and Edinburgh, Scotland
Medical Criminal Law
Susan McVie
Johannes Kepler University
Linz, Austria School of Law
University of Edinburgh
R. Morgan Courtenay Old College
Centre for Child Law Edinburgh, Scotland
University of Pretoria
Alida V. Merlo
Pretoria, South Africa
Indiana University of Pennsylvania
Marisa Meneses de Andrade Department of Criminology
Universidade Tiradentes Indiana, Pennsylvania
Aracaju, Brazil
Anne Miller
Henk B. Ferwerda Constellation Consulting Group
Bureau Beke Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Arnhem, The Netherlands
Yokoyama Minoru
Loraine Gelsthorpe Faculty of Law
Institute of Criminology Kokugakuin University
University of Cambridge Tokyo, Japan
Cambridge, England
vii
viii Contributors
Anne M. Nurse Karyna Batista Sposato
Department of Sociology and Anthropology Department of Law
The College of Wooster Federal University of Sergipe
Wooster, Ohio Sergipe, Brazil
and
Elizabeth O’Connell
Helping Young People Achieve (HYPA) Universidade Tiradente
SYC Ltd. Aracaju, Brazil
Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
John A. Winterdyk
Michael O’Connell Department of Justice Studies
Commissioner for Victims’ Rights Mount Royal University
Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Mohammad Ali Rajab Aline Yamamoto
Department of Criminal Law and Criminology Lawyer and Coordinator of Access to Justice and
University of Tehran Violence Against Women at Brazil’s Secretariat
Tehran, Iran for Policies for Women
São Paulo, Brazil
Stefan Schulz
Department of Legal Studies Hongwei Zhang
School of Human Sciences Law School
Polytechnic of Namibia Guangxi University
Windhoek, Namibia Nanning, China
Stefan Schumann Ruohui Zhao
Institute for Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Department of Sociology
Johannes Kepler University Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities
Linz, Austria University of Macau
Macau, China
Ann Skelton
Centre for Child Law
University of Pretoria
Pretoria, South Africa
