Journey of Hope: The Back-to-Africa Movement in Arkansas in the Late 1800s (The John Hope Franklin Series in African American History and Culture)

285 Pages·2004·3.34 MB·English

by  Kenneth C. Barnes

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Journey of Hope
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The John Hope Franklin Series in African American History and Culture
Waldo E.Martin Jr.and Patricia Sullivan,editors
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of Hope
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The Back-to-Africa Movement in
Arkansas in the Late 1800s
Kenneth C. Barnes
The University of North Carolina Press
Chapel Hill and London
©2004 The University of North Carolina Press
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
Designed by April Leidig-Higgins
Set in Monotype Garamond by Copperline Book Services,Inc.
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and
durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book
Longevity of the Council on Library Resources.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Barnes,Kenneth C.,1956–
Journey of hope:the Back to Africa movement in Arkansas in
the late 1800s / Kenneth C.Barnes.
p.cm.—(John Hope Franklin series in African American
history and culture)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
0-8078-2879-3 (cloth:alk.paper)
0-8078-5550-2 (pbk.:alk.paper)
1.African Americans—Colonization—Liberia. 2.Liberia
—History—1847–1944. 3.African Americans—Arkansas—
History—19th century. 4.Sharecroppers—Arkansas—His-
tory—19th century. 5.Liberia—Emigration and immigration
—History—19th century. 6.Arkansas—Emigration and im-
migration—History—19th century. 7.American Colonization
Society—History. 8.Black nationalism—History—19th
century. I.Title. II.Series.
.37 2004 966.62'004960730767—dc22 2003027748
cloth 08 07 06 05 04 5 4 3 2 1
paper 08 07 06 05 04 5 4 3 2 1
For Debbie
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Contents
xi Preface
xiii Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
13 One.The Liberia Exodus Arkansas Colony,1877–1880
33 Two.A Movement Ebbs and Flows:The 1880s
49 Three.Hope Ignites:Liberia Fever,1888–1891
75 Four.Gaw’n t’’Beria:The Crisis of 1892
91 Five.Troublemakers
107 Six.Missions
123 Seven.The Meaning of Africa
135 Eight.The Last Voyages
149 Nine.In Liberia
177 Conclusion
195 Notes
245 Bibliography
259 Index
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Illustrations,Maps,and Figures
Illustrations
6 The Liberian coast
8 William Coppinger
18 Anthony L.Stanford
27 Arkansas emigrants to Liberia in New York City,1880
44 Bishop Henry McNeal Turner
65 Handbill for black emigration meeting,1890
82 A lynching in Arkansas,ca.1890
94 Caricature of a black couple on the way to Liberia
100 Liberian exhibit at the Columbian Exposition,1893
116 The Reverend Alfred L.Ridgel
119 Steamship on the St.Paul River,Liberia
120 Methodist missionaries from Arkansas en route to Liberia
141 Departure of the steamship Horsa,1895
144 Departure of the steamship Laurada,1896
145 Funeral for a passenger aboard the Laurada
146 Lauradapassengers stepping onto African soil
153 Ashmun Street,Monrovia
157 Road leading to Morning Star Baptist Church,Johnsonville,Liberia
158 Cornerstone of Morning Star Baptist Church