Table Of Content

Table of Contents 1 Editors ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 33 Dedication ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Preface ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................................................................. 37 Section I - Procedures, Techniques, and Minimally Invasive Monitoring ............................................ 37 1 Airway Management and Endotracheal Intubation ....................................................................................................... 62 2 Central Venous Catheters ........................................................................................................................................................ 93 3 Arterial Line Placement and Care ........................................................................................................................................ 107 4 Pulmonary Artery Catheters ................................................................................................................................................. 140 5 Temporary Cardiac Pacing ................................................................................................................................................... 149 6 Cardioversion and Defibrillation ......................................................................................................................................... 159 7 Pericardiocentesis .................................................................................................................................................................... 170 8 Chest Tube Insertion and Care ........................................................................................................................................... 181 9 Bronchoscopy ............................................................................................................................................................................. 193 10 Thoracentesis .......................................................................................................................................................................... 203 11 Arterial Puncture for Blood Gas Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 210 12 Tracheostomy .......................................................................................................................................................................... 230 13 Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ............................................................................................................................................... 241 14 Paracentesis and Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage ...................................................................................................... 254 15 Gastroesophageal Balloon Tamponade for Acute Variceal Hemorrhage ...................................................... 264 16 Endoscopic Placement of Feeding Tubes ................................................................................................................... 276 17 Cerebrospinal Fluid Aspiration ......................................................................................................................................... 288 18 Percutaneous Suprapubic Cystostomy ......................................................................................................................... 296 19 Aspiration of the Knee and Synovial Fluid Analysis ................................................................................................ 306 20 Anesthesia for Bedside Procedures ............................................................................................................................... 319 21 Interventional Ultrasound ................................................................................................................................................... 330 22 Interventional Radiology: Percutaneous Drainage Techniques ......................................................................... 339 23 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ....................................................................................................................................... 376 24 Management of Pain in the Critically Ill Patient ....................................................................................................... 398 25 Therapeutic Paralysis ........................................................................................................................................................... 409 Section II - Minimally Invasive Monitoring ................................................................................................................. 409 26 Routine Monitoring of Critically Ill Patients ................................................................................................................. 443 27 Minimally Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring .......................................................................................................... 466 28 Neurologic Multimodal Monitoring .................................................................................................................................. 488 29 Echocardiography in the Intensive Care Unit ............................................................................................................ 511 30 Monitoring Gastrointestinal Tract Function ................................................................................................................. 525 31 Respiratory Monitoring during Mechanical Ventilation .......................................................................................... 543 Section III - Cardiovascular Problems and Coronary Care ......................................................................... 543 32 Approach to the Patient with Hypotension and Hemodynamic Instability ..................................................... 561 33 Management of Advanced Heart Failure ..................................................................................................................... 578 34 Valvular Heart Disease ........................................................................................................................................................ 611 35 Critical Care of Pericardial Disease ............................................................................................................................... 629 36 Acute Aortic Syndromes ...................................................................................................................................................... 653 37 Evaluation and Management of Hypertension in the Intensive Care Unit .................................................... 668 38 Unstable Angina/NonST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction] ............................................................... 705 39 ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction ............................................................................................................ 733 40 Mechanical Complications of Myocardial Infarction ............................................................................................... 747 41 Ventricular Tachycardia ....................................................................................................................................................... 763 42 Supraventricular Tachycardias: Recognition and Management in the Intensive Care Setting ............ 786 43 Bradyarrhythmias and Temporary Pacing ................................................................................................................... 804 44 How to Manage Cardiac Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators in the Intensive Care Unit ....... 820 45 Mechanical Support for Heart Failure ........................................................................................................................... 836 Section IV - Pulmonary Problems in the Intensive Care Unit .................................................................... 836 46 Respiratory Failure Part I: A Physiologic Approach to Respiratory Failure .................................................. 846 47 Respiratory Failure Part II: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome .................................................................. 884 48 Respiratory Failure Part III: Asthma ............................................................................................................................... 910 49 Respiratory Failure Part IV: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ........................................................... 927 50 Respiratory Failure Part V: Extrapulmonary Causes of Respiratory Failure ................................................ 941 51 Respiratory Failure Part VI: Acute Respiratory Failure in Pregnancy ............................................................. 971 52 Venous Thromboembolism: Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis .................................. 996 53 Managing Hemoptysis ......................................................................................................................................................... 1013 54 Aspiration ................................................................................................................................................................................ 1025 55 Drowning ................................................................................................................................................................................. 1037 56 Pulmonary Hypertension in the Intensive Care Unit ........................................................................................... 1050 57 Pleural Disease in the Critically Ill Patient ............................................................................................................... 1076 58 Mechanical Ventilation Part I: Invasive ..................................................................................................................... 1108 59 Mechanical Ventilation Part II: Non-invasive Mechanical ................................................................................. 1138 60 Mechanical Ventilation Part III: Discontinuation .................................................................................................... 1158 61 Gas Embolism Syndromes: Venous Gas Emboli, Arterial Gas ....................................................................... 1180 62 Respiratory Adjunct Therapy .......................................................................................................................................... 1208 63 Chest Radiographic Examination ................................................................................................................................ 1251 64 Acute Inhalation Injury ...................................................................................................................................................... 1276 65 Disorders of Temperature Control Part I: Hypothermia ...................................................................................... 1307 66 Disorders of Temperature Control Part II: Hyperthermia ................................................................................... 1338 67 Severe Upper Airway Infections ................................................................................................................................... 1365 68 Acute Infectious Pneumonia .......................................................................................................................................... 1406 69 Lung Biopsy ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1419 70 Sleep Issues in the Intensive Care Unit Setting .................................................................................................... 1434 Section V - Renal Problems in the Intensive Care Unit ............................................................................... 1434 71 Metabolic Acidosis and Metabolic Alkalosis ............................................................................................................ 1453 72 Disorders of Plasma Sodium and Plasma Potassium ........................................................................................ 1495 73 Acute Kidney Injury in the Intensive Care Unit ...................................................................................................... 1540 74 Drug Dosing in Renal and Hepatic Failure: A Pharmacokin ............................................................................ 1559 75 Renal Replacement Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit ................................................................................... 1580 Section VI - Infectious Disease Problems in the Intensive Care Unit .............................................. 1580 76 Approach to Fever in the ICU Patient ........................................................................................................................ 1590 77 Use of Antimicrobials in the Treatment of Infection in the Critically Ill Patient ........................................ 1613 78 Prevention and Control of Healthcare-Acquired Infections in the Intensive Care Unit ........................ 1624 79 Central Nervous System Infections ............................................................................................................................ 1645 80 Infective Endocarditis and Infections of Intracardiac Prosthetic Devices .................................................. 1675 81 Infections Associated with Vascular Catheters ....................................................................................................... 1689 82 Urinary Tract Infections .................................................................................................................................................... 1705 83 Life-Threatening Community-Acquired Infections: Toxic S .............................................................................. 1722 84 Acute Infection in the Immunocompromised Host ................................................................................................ 1740 85 Intensive Care of Patients with HIV Infection ......................................................................................................... 1752 86 Infectious Complications of Drug Abuse ................................................................................................................... 1763 87 Tuberculosis .......................................................................................................................................................................... 1777 88 Botulism .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1782 89 Tetanus .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1787 90 Serious Epidemic Viral Pneumonias .......................................................................................................................... 1799 Section VII - Gastrointestinal Disease Problems in the Intensive Care Unit ............................. 1799 91 Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding ............................................................................................................ 1816 92 Stress Ulcer Syndrome .................................................................................................................................................... 1826 93 Gastrointestinal Motility in the Critically Ill Patient ............................................................................................... 1839 94 Fulminant Colitis and Toxic Megacolon .................................................................................................................... 1846 95 Evaluation and Management of Liver Failure ........................................................................................................ 1868 96 Diarrhea .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1882 97 Severe and Complicated Biliary Tract Disease ..................................................................................................... 1891 98 Hepatic Dysfunction ........................................................................................................................................................... 1904 99 Acute Pancreatitis ............................................................................................................................................................... 1932 Section VIII - Endocrine Problems in the Intensive Care Unit ............................................................... 1932 100 Management of Hyperglycemia in Critically Ill Patients .................................................................................. 1948 101 Hyperglycemic Diabetic Coma ................................................................................................................................... 1970 102 Severe Hyperthyroidism ................................................................................................................................................ 1976 103 Myxedema Coma ............................................................................................................................................................. 1982 104 Hypoadrenal Crisis and the Stress Management of the Patient on Chronic Steroid Therapy ........ 1988 105 Disorders of Mineral Metabolism ............................................................................................................................... 1997 106 Hypoglycemia .................................................................................................................................................................... 2026 107 Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome (Sick Euthyroid Syndrome) in the Intensive Care Unit .................... 2050 Section IX - Hematologic and Oncologic Problems in the Intensive Care Unit ....................... 2050 108 Disorders of Hemostasis in Critically Ill Patients ................................................................................................ 2075 109 Thrombocytopenia ........................................................................................................................................................... 2101 110 Antithrombotic Pharmacotherapy .............................................................................................................................. 2134 111 Diagnosis and Management of Prothrombotic Disorders in the Intensive Care Unit .......................... 2152 112 Anemia in the Critical Care Setting ........................................................................................................................... 2179 113 Therapeutic Apheresis: Technical Considerations and Indications in Critical Care ............................. 2196 114 Transfusion Therapy: Blood Components and Transfusion Complications ............................................. 2210 115 Critical Care of Patients with Hematologic Malignancies ............................................................................... 2235 116 Oncologic Emergencies ................................................................................................................................................. 2256 Section X - Pharmacology, Overdoses, and Poisonings ............................................................................ 2256 117 General Considerations in the Evaluation and Treatment of Poisoning ................................................... 2294 118 Acetaminophen Poisoning ............................................................................................................................................ 2308 119 Alcohols and Glycol Poisoning .................................................................................................................................... 2338 120 Antiarrhythmic Agents .................................................................................................................................................... 2354 121 Anticholinergic Poisoning .............................................................................................................................................. 2360 122 Anticonvulsant Poisoning .............................................................................................................................................. 2377 123 Antidepressant Poisoning ............................................................................................................................................. 2398 124 Antipsychotic Poisoning ................................................................................................................................................. 2422 125 Beta-Blocker Poisoning ................................................................................................................................................. 2431 126 Calcium Channel Antagonist Poisoning ................................................................................................................. 2443 127 Cardiac Glycoside Poisoning ...................................................................................................................................... 2450 128 Cholinergic Poisoning ..................................................................................................................................................... 2459 129 Cocaine Poisoning ........................................................................................................................................................... 2467 130 Corrosive Poisoning ........................................................................................................................................................ 2481 131 Salicylate and Other Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Poisoning ..................................................... 2498 132 Envenomations ................................................................................................................................................................. 2517 133 Heavy Metal Poisoning .................................................................................................................................................. 2541 134 Hydrocarbon Poisoning .................................................................................................................................................. 2555 135 Hydrofluoric Acid Poisoning ......................................................................................................................................... 2559 136 Iron Poisoning .................................................................................................................................................................... 2569 137 Isoniazid Poisoning .......................................................................................................................................................... 2576 138 Lithium Poisoning ............................................................................................................................................................. 2586 139 Methylxanthine Poisoning ............................................................................................................................................. 2599 140 Opioid Poisoning .............................................................................................................................................................. 2614 141 Pesticide Poisoning ......................................................................................................................................................... 2641 142 Phencyclidine and Hallucinogen Poisoning .......................................................................................................... 2651 143 SedativeHypnotic Agent Poisoning .......................................................................................................................... 2668 144 Amphetamines ................................................................................................................................................................... 2680 145 Withdrawal Syndromes .................................................................................................................................................. 2701 Section XI - Surgical Problems in the Intensive Care Unit ....................................................................... 2701 146 Epistaxis ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2714 147 Esophageal Perforation and Acute Mediastinitis ................................................................................................ 2724 148 Management of the Postoperative Cardiac Surgical Patient ........................................................................ 2745 149 Noncardiac Surgery in the Cardiac Patient ........................................................................................................... 2772 150 Diagnosis and Management of Intra-abdominal Sepsis .................................................................................. 2797 151 Mesenteric Ischemia ....................................................................................................................................................... 2809 152 Compartment Syndrome of the Abdominal Cavity ............................................................................................ 2822 153 Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections ............................................................................................................................. 2834 154 Acute Limb Ischemia: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies ...................................................... 2841 155 Pressure Sores: Prevention and Treatment .......................................................................................................... 2850 156 Management of the Obstetrical Patient in the Intensive Care Setting ...................................................... 2865 Section XII - Shock and Trauma ..................................................................................................................................... 2865 157 Shock: An Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 2888 158 Resuscitation from Shock Following Injury ........................................................................................................... 2911 159 The Management of Sepsis ......................................................................................................................................... 2928 160 Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome ................................................................................................................... 2937 161 Trauma Systems ............................................................................................................................................................... 2942 162 Traumatic Brain Injury .................................................................................................................................................... 2949 163 Spinal Cord Trauma ........................................................................................................................................................ 2968 164 Thoracic and Cardiac Trauma .................................................................................................................................... 2989 165 Critical Care of the Patient with Abdominal Trauma ......................................................................................... 3004 166 Burn Management ........................................................................................................................................................... 3015 167 Orthopedic Injury .............................................................................................................................................................. 3040 Section XIII - Neurologic Problems in the Intensive Care Unit .............................................................. 3040 168 An Approach to Neurologic Problems in the Intensive Care Unit ................................................................ 3045 169 Evaluating the Patient with Altered Consciousness in the Intensive Care Unit .................................... 3062 170 Metabolic Encephalopathy ........................................................................................................................................... 3075 171 Generalized Anoxia/Ischemia of the Nervous System .................................................................................... 3081 172 Status Epilepticus ............................................................................................................................................................. 3092 173 Cerebrovascular Disease .............................................................................................................................................. 3108 174 Neuro-Oncological Problems in the Intensive Care Unit ................................................................................ 3122 175 GuillainBarre Syndrome ................................................................................................................................................ 3136 176 Myasthenia Gravis in the Intensive Care Unit ..................................................................................................... 3145 177 Miscellaneous Neurologic Problems in the Intensive Care Unit .................................................................. 3158 178 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage .......................................................................................................................................... 3171 179 Mental Status Dysfunction in the Intensive Care Unit: Postoperative Cognitive Impairment ......... 3176 180 Newly Acquired Weakness in the Intensive Care Unit: Cr ............................................................................. 3182 Section XIV - Transplantation ........................................................................................................................................... 3182 181 Immunosuppression in Solid-Organ Transplantation ........................................................................................ 3207 182 Critical Care Problems in Kidney Transplant Recipients ................................................................................ 3226 183 Specific Critical Care Problems in Heart and HeartLung Transplant Recipients .................................. 3239 184 Care of the Pancreas Transplant Recipient .......................................................................................................... 3259 185 Management of the Organ Donor ............................................................................................................................. 3294 186 DiagnosisandManagement of Rejection, Infection, and Malignancy in Transplant Recipients ...... 3325 187 Critical Care of the Liver and Intestinal Transplant Recipients .................................................................... 3352 188 Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ......................................................................................................................... 3384 189 Critical Care of the Lung Transplant Recipient .................................................................................................... 3403 Section XV - Metabolism/Nutrition ................................................................................................................................ 3403 190 Nutritional Therapy in the Critically Ill Patient ...................................................................................................... 3411 191 Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition in the Intensive Care Unit ........................................................................... 3439 192 Disease-Specific Nutrition ............................................................................................................................................ 3460 Section XVI - Rheumatologic, Immunologic, and Derma ........................................................................... 3460 193 Rheumatologic Diseases in the Intensive Care Unit ......................................................................................... 3503 194 Anaphylaxis ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3526 195 Dermatology in the Intensive Care Unit ................................................................................................................. 3561 196 Vasculitis in the Intensive Care Unit ........................................................................................................................ 3578 Section XVII - Psychiatric Issues in Intensive Care ........................................................................................ 3578 197 Diagnosis and Treatment of Agitation and Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit Patient .................... 3593 198 Diagnosis and Treatment of Anxiety in the Intensive Care Unit Patient .................................................. 3606 199 Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in the Intensive Care Unit Patient .......................................... 3626 200 Managing the Suicidal Patient in the Intensive Care Unit .............................................................................. 3632 201 Problematic Behaviors of Patients, Family, and Staff in the Intensive Care Unit ................................ 3640 202 Recognition and Management of Staff Stress in the Intensive Care Unit ............................................... 3650 Section XVIII - Nursing ........................................................................................................................................................... 3650 203 Use of Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicators ......................................................................................................... 3659 204 Role of the Advanced Practice Nurse in Critical Care ..................................................................................... 3665 205 Interprofessional Collaboration Among Critical Care Team Members ...................................................... 3679 206 Healthy Work Environments: Necessary for Providers and Patients ........................................................ 3688 207 ICU Nursing in the Telemedicine Age ...................................................................................................................... 3697 Section XIX - Contemporary Challenges in the Intensive Care Unit ................................................ 3697 208 ICU Organization and Management ........................................................................................................................ 3714 209 Critical Care Information Systems: Structure, Function, and Future ......................................................... 3726 210 Defining and Measuring Patient Safety in the Critical Care Unit ................................................................ 3743 211 Medical Ethics, End of Life Care, and Clinical Research in the Intensive Care Unit .......................... 3760 212 Assessing the Value and Impact of Critical Care in an ................................................................................... 3774 Section XX - Critical Care Consequences of Weapons ............................................................................ 3774 213 Biological Agents of Mass Destruction .................................................................................................................... 3806 214 Chemical Agents of Mass Destruction .................................................................................................................... 3820 215 The Management of Acute Radiation Casualties ............................................................................................... 3833 216 Planning and Organization for Emergency Mass Critical Care .................................................................... 3843 Appendix ............................................................................................................................................................................................ Editors: Irwin, Richard S.; Rippe, James M. Title: Irwin and Rippe's Intensive Care Medicine, 7th Edition Copyright ©2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins > Front of Book > Editors Editors Richard S. Irwin MD, Master FCCP Professor of Medicine and Nursing University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, Chair, Critical Care Operations, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts James M. Rippe MD Professor of Biomedical Sciences University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, Associate Professor of Medicine (Cardiology), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, Founder and Director, Rippe Lifestyle Institute, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, Founder and Director, Rippe Health Evaluation, Orlando, Florida Contributors Cynthia K. Aaron MD, FACMT, FACEP Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics Program Director, Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit Medical Center, Regional Poison Center at Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI Wissam Abouzgheib MD, FCCP Attending Physician Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Sparks Health System, Fort Smith, AR Gregory A. Abrahamian MD Associate Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX Konstantin Abramov MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Renal Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA Christopher D. Adams PharmD, BCPS Clinical Pharmacist Department of Pharmacy Services, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA Suresh Agarwal MD, FACS, FCCM Chief Surgical Critical Care, Associate Professor of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA Lauren Alberta-Wszolek MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA Alfred Aleguas Jr PharmD, DABAT Managing Director Northern Ohio Poison Center, Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH Satya Allaparthi MD Fellow in Robotic and Laparoscopic Urology Department of Urology/Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA 5681563 Editors 1 Gilman B. Allen MD Assistant Professor Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Fletcher Allen Health Care, Burlington, VT Luis F. Angel MD Associate Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX Kevin E. Anger PharmD, BCPS Clinical Pharmacy Specialist in Critical Care Department of Pharmacy Services, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA Derek C. Angus MD, MPH Professor and Vice Chair for Research Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA Neil Aronin MD Professor of Medicine and Cell Biology Chief of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA Samuel J. Asirvatham MD, FACC, FHRS Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN Seth M. Arum MD, FACE Assistant Professor of Medicine Department of Endocrinology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA Philip J. Ayvazian MD Assistant Professor Department of Urology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA Riad Azar MD Associate Professor of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO Ruben J. Azocar MD Associate Professor and Residency Program Director Department of Anesthesiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA Ednan K. Bajwa MD, MPH Associate Director Medical ICU, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA K. C. Balaji MD Professor Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA Jerry P. Balikian MD, FACR Professor and Vice Chair of Radiology Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 5681563 Editors 2 Ian M. Ball MD, DABEM, FRCPC Assistant Professor Program in Critical Care Medicine and Departments of Clinical Pharmacology/Toxicology and Emergency Medicine, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada Meyer S. Balter MD, FRCPC Professor Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Director, Asthma Education Clinic, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Gisela I. Banauch MD, MS Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA Daniel T. Baran MD Region Medical Director Merck, Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Cell Biology, and Orthopedics, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA Stephen L. Barnes MD, FACS Associate Professor and Chief Division of Acute, Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Suzanne J. Baron MD Cardiology Fellow Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Thaddeus C. Bartter MD, FCCP Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Arkansas for the Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR Amit Basu MD Assistant Professor of Surgery and Attending Physician Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Thomas E Starzl Transplantation Institute, Pittsburgh, PA Kenneth L. Baughman MD (DECEASED) Richard C. Becker MD Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC Robert W. Belknap MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, University of Colorado, Denver, CO Isabelita R. Bella MD Associate Professor of Clinical Neurology Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA Andrew C. Bernard MD Associate Professor of Surgery 5681563 Editors 3 Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky Healthcare, Lexington, KY Megan Bernstein MD Resident Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA Mary T. Bessesen MD Associate Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center—Denver, Denver, CO Michael C. Beuhler MD Medical Director Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Poison Center, Charlotte, NC Bonnie J. Bidinger MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA Steven B. Bird MD Associate Professor Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA Bruce R. Bistrian MD, PhD Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA Robert M. Black MD Professor of Clinical Medicine UMass Medical School, Chief, Nephrology, Division of Renal Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA Ernest F.J. Block MD, MBA, FACS, FCCM Professor of Surgery University of Central Florida, Department of Acute Care Surgery, Holmes Regional Medical Center, Melbourne, FL Jeremiah Boles MD Hematology/Oncology Fellow Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC Naomi F. Botkin MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA Suzanne F. Bradley MD Professor Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geriatric Medicine, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Healthcare Systems, Ann Arbor, MI William F. Bria MD Chief Medical Information Officer Department of Medical Affairs, Shriners Hospital for Children, Tampa, FL Veronica Brito MD 5681563 Editors 4 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Fellow Department of Medicine, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, NY Traci L. Buescher RN Department of Heart Rhythm Services, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN Keith K. Burkhart MD, FACMT, FAACT, FACEP Senior Advisor for Medical Toxicology FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD Michael J. Burns MD, FACEP, FACMT Chief of Emergency Medicine Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA Tuesday E. Burns MD Assistant Professor of Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA Scott W. Byram MD Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL Brian T. Callahan MD Interventional Radiology Fellow Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA Christine Campbell-Reardon MD Associate Professor of Medicine Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA Christopher P. Cannon MD TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Jason P. Caplan MD Chief of Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry, Creighton University School of Medicine at St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ Raphael A. Carandang MD Assistant Professor University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Neurology and Surgical Intensive Care, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA Paul A. Carpenter MD Associate Professor Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA Karen C. Carroll MD Professor Pathology and Medicine Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD David A. Chad MD 5681563 Editors 5 Associate Professor of Neurology Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neuromuscular Diagnostic Center, Boston, MA Eugene Chang MD Martin Boyer Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL Steven Y. Chang MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Director of the Medical Intensive Care Unit, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey—, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ Mi...

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3877 Pages·2011·51.38 MB·English
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