Internet of Things (IoT)-Systems and Applications

366 Pages·2019·25.805 MB·\366

by  Jamil Y. Khan (Editor), Mehmet R. Yuce (Editor)

Internet of Things (IoT)

Internet of Things (IoT)
Systems and Applications
edited by
Jamil Y. Khan
Mehmet R. Yuce
July30,2019 12:54 JSPBook-9inx6in 00-IoT-Prelims
Publishedby
JennyStanfordPublishingPte.Ltd.
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InternetofThings(IoT):SystemsandApplications
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ISBN978-981-4800-29-7(Hardcover)
ISBN978-0-429-39908-4(eBook)
July30,2019 12:54 JSPBook-9inx6in 00-IoT-Prelims
Contents
Preface xiii
1 IntroductiontoIoTSystems 1
JamilY.Khan
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 OverviewofIoTApplications 5
1.2.1 Healthcare 5
1.2.2 UtilityServices 7
1.2.3 Automotive/VehicularIoT 9
1.2.4 SmartAgriculture 10
1.2.5 SmartCity 11
1.3 IoTSystemArchitecturesandDesignApproaches 13
1.4 IoTStandards 17
1.5 Summary 21
2 BigDatainIoTSystems 25
FayeemAziz,StephanK.Chalup,andJamesJuniper
2.1 Introduction 25
2.1.1 TheDigitalEconomyandUbiquitous
ComputingSystems 25
2.1.2 TheInternetofThings 28
2.2 TheoreticalApproachestoUCS 31
2.2.1 CategoryTheory 31
2.2.2 ProcessAlgebras 31
2.3 CoreDigitalTechnologiesforUCS 32
2.3.1 SemanticTechnologies 32
2.3.2 CognitiveComputingandDeepLearning 34
2.4 BigDataandItsSources 37
2.4.1 RadioFrequencyIdentification 38
August1,2019 18:4 JSPBook-9inx6in 00-IoT-Prelims
vi Contents
2.4.2 WirelessSensorNetworks 39
2.4.3 Machine-to-MachineCommunications 39
2.4.4 CloudComputing 40
2.5 BigDatainIoTApplicationAreas 40
2.5.1 HealthcareSystems 40
2.5.2 FoodSupplyChains 42
2.5.3 SmartEnvironmentDomain 43
2.5.3.1 Smartpowersystem 43
2.5.3.2 Smarthome 43
2.5.3.3 Smartenvironmentcontrol 43
2.5.3.4 Safetyandsurveillance 44
2.5.3.5 Smartcity 45
2.5.4 SaferMiningProduction 45
2.5.5 TransportationandLogistics 45
2.5.6 Firefighting 46
2.6 ChallengesofBigDatainIoTSystems 47
2.6.1 BigDataMining 47
2.6.2 ProposedBigDataManagementandAnalysis
Techniques 48
2.7 NewProductDevelopmentandUCS 49
2.8 OrganizationalandPolicyImplications 52
3 BasicsofCommunicationNetworks 65
JamilY.Khan
3.1 Introduction 66
3.2 BasicNetworkingTechniques 68
3.2.1 NetworkArchitecture 69
3.2.1.1 Wideareanetwork 72
3.2.1.2 Localareanetwork 72
3.2.1.3 Personalareanetwork 73
3.2.1.4 Infrastructureandadhocnetworks 73
3.3 PacketCommunicationProtocols 74
3.3.1 CommunicationProtocols/SoftwareModels 74
3.3.2 DataLinkLayerProtocols 77
3.3.2.1 LLCsublayer 78
3.3.2.2 Forwarderrorcorrectiontechniques 81
3.3.2.3 MACsublayer 84
3.3.2.4 Staticchannelization:TDMA 85
July30,2019 12:54 JSPBook-9inx6in 00-IoT-Prelims
Contents vii
3.3.2.5 Dynamicmediumaccesscontrol
techniques 86
3.3.2.6 Pollingaccesstechnique 86
3.3.2.7 Randomaccesstechnique 88
3.3.2.8 Networkprotocols 91
3.3.3 TransportProtocols 93
3.4 WirelessNetworkingBasics 95
3.4.1 RadioPropagationEnvironment 100
3.5 TrafficModeling 101
3.6 Summary 103
4 Low-PowerWide-AreaNetworks 105
JamilY.KhanandDongChen
4.1 Introduction 106
4.1.1 IoTCommunicationRequirements 107
4.2 IoTNetworkDesignFundamentals 110
4.3 LPWANStandards 112
4.3.1 Long-RangeWide-AreaNetwork(LoRaWAN) 112
4.3.2 SigFox 115
4.4 OpenShort-RangeNetworkingTechniques 116
4.4.1 IEEE802.11Standards 117
4.4.2 IEEE802.11ahStandard 118
4.4.3 IEEE802.15.4Standard 124
4.4.4 ExtensionoftheIEEE802.15.4Standard 127
4.5 AHeterogeneousIoTNetworkArchitecture 129
4.5.1 MFDRRArchitecture 132
4.5.2 TheBlankBurstAlgorithm 133
4.6 PerformanceEvaluationoftheHeterogeneous
Network 135
4.7 Conclusions 143
5 Energy-HarvestingIoTNetworks 147
ThienD.Nguyen,JamilY.Khan,andDuyT.Ngo
5.1 ReviewofEnergyHarvestingTechniques 147
5.1.1 Solar-BasedEnergyHarvestingTechnique 149
5.1.2 ThermalEnergyHarvestingTechnique 151
5.1.3 Vibration-BasedEnergyHarvestingTechnique 151
July30,2019 12:54 JSPBook-9inx6in 00-IoT-Prelims
viii Contents
5.1.4 RadioFrequency(RF)EnergyHarvesting
Technique 152
5.2 Energy-HarvestedSensorNetworkArchitecture 153
5.2.1 RadioFrequency(RF)EnergyHarvesting
Technique 153
5.2.2 AnEnergyConsumptionModelfortheIEEE
802.15.4EHWSN 155
5.3 AProposedAlgorithmforKineticEnergy–Based
EnergyHarvesting 157
5.3.1 SystemModel 158
5.3.2 VehicleEnergyGenerationModel 160
5.3.3 PiezoelectricRoadwayEnergyHarvester 162
5.3.4 AnAdaptiveBeaconOrder,SuperframeOrder,
andDutyCycle(ABSD)Algorithm 164
5.3.4.1 Incomingtrafficloadestimation 165
5.3.4.2 Node’squeuestateestimation 165
5.3.4.3 Algorithmdescription 166
5.3.5 EH-ABSDAlgorithm 168
5.3.5.1 Energyback-offprocess 169
5.3.5.2 Algorithmdescription 170
5.4 AProposedModelforRF-BasedEnergyHarvesting 171
5.4.1 SystemModel 172
5.4.2 RFEnergyHarvestingProcess 174
5.4.3 RF-AASPAlgorithm 175
5.4.3.1 IncomingharvestedRFenergy
estimation 175
5.4.3.2 Algorithmdescription 175
5.5 AProposedModelforSolar-BasedEnergyHarvesting 178
5.5.1 SystemModel 178
5.5.2 EnergyConsumptionModel 179
5.5.3 EnergyHarvestingPrediction 180
5.5.4 EnergyHarvestingProcess 181
5.5.4.1 Case1:Level3≤ Ei ≤ Level2 181
r
5.5.4.2 Case2:0< Ei < Level3 181
r
5.5.5 ProposedRoutingAlgorithm 183
5.6 PerformanceAnalysisofEnergy-HarvestedWireless
SensorNetwork 183
5.6.1 EH-ABSDAlgorithm 184
July30,2019 12:54 JSPBook-9inx6in 00-IoT-Prelims
Contents ix
5.6.1.1 Vehiculartrafficsimulation 184
5.6.1.2 Harvestedenergyatsensornodes 185
5.6.2 RF-AASPAlgorithm 189
5.6.3 Solar-BasedRoutingAlgorithmPerformance 194
5.7 Conclusion 197
6 Wide-AreaWirelessNetworksforIoTApplications 203
JasonBrown
6.1 Introduction 203
6.2 EvolutionofWide-AreaWirelessStandards 205
6.3 LTE,LTEAdvanced,andLTEAdvancedProOverview 207
6.3.1 OverallRoadmap 207
6.3.2 LTE 208
6.3.3 LTEAdvanced 214
6.3.4 LTEAdvancedPro 215
6.4 M2M/IoTChallengesandOpportunities 215
6.5 EmployingLTEAdvancedandLTEAdvancedProfor
M2M/IoTApplications 217
6.5.1 RandomAccessOverload 218
6.5.2 PDCCHSaturation 221
6.5.3 ExploitingSpatialandTemporalCorrelation 224
6.5.4 LTE-MandNarrowbandLTE-M 226
6.6 Summary 228
7 Low-PowerDesignConsiderationsforIoTSensors 231
FanWu,MdShamsulArefin,Jean-MichelRedoute,and
MehmetR.Yuce
7.1 Introduction 232
7.2 TransmissionFrequencyofIoTWirelessSensors 234
7.3 IoTHardwarePlatform 237
7.4 IoTWirelessSensorNetworkPlatforms 241
7.4.1 Waspmote 241
7.4.2 MySignals 243
7.4.3 MEMSIC 243
7.4.4 WiSense 244
7.5 IoTSensorNodewithEnergyHarvesting 246
7.6 ASelf-PoweredIoTSensorNodeDesign
(ACaseStudy) 249