Intelligent Spaces: The Application of Pervasive ICT

437 Pages·2006·8.784 MB·English

by  S Wright, A Steventon (auth.), Alan Steventon BSc, MTech, PhD, CPhys, MInstP, Steve Wright MA, PhD, CEng, MIEE (eds.)

Computer Communications and Networks
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Alan Steventon and Steve Wright (Eds)
Intelligent Spaces
The Application of Pervasive ICT
~
Springer
Alan Steventon, BSc,MTech, PhD, SteveWright, MA,PhD, CEng,MIEE
CPhys, MInstP BTGroup, Ipswich, UK
[udalAssociatesLtd, UK
Series editor
ProfessorA.J.Sammes,BSc,MPhil, PhD, FBCS,CEng
CISMGroup, CranfieldUniversity, RMCS,Shrivenham,SwindonSN68LA,
UK
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
Acatalogue record forthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2005929866
ComputerCommunicationsand NetworksISSN1617-7975
ISBN-10:1-84628-002-8 Printedonacid-free paper
1SBN-13:978-1-84628-002-3
©Springer-VerlagLondon Limited2006
Apartfromanyfairdealingforthepurposesofresearch orprivatestudy,orcriticismorreview,as
permittedundertheCopyright,Designsand PatentsAct1988,thispublicationmayonlyberepro
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The publisher makes no representation,express or implied, with regard to the accuracyof the
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errorsoromissionsthat maybemade.
Printed intheUnitedStatesofAmerica(EB)
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SpringerScience+BusinessMedia
springeronline.com
Contents
Contributors xi
Introduction xv
1 IntelligentSpaces- The Vision, the Opportunities,and
the Barriers 1
SWrightandASteventon
1.1 A Vision ofIntelligent Spaces I
1.2 Applications 3
1.3 TechnologyCapabilities 6
1.4 Roadmap tothe Vision 9
1.5 Research Challenges 12
1.6 Summary 16
2 TheSocio-Economic ImpactofPervasiveComputing- 19
IntelligentSpaces and the OrganisationofBusiness
MHLyons, REllisJ MMPotter,DAMHolm, andR Venousiou
2.1 Introduction 19
2.2 Commercial Opportunities 20
2.3 New OrganisationalForms- The EmergingValueNets 21
2.4 Creatingthe AdaptiveCompany 26
2.5 Changingthe WayWeWork 28
2.6 Summary 32
3 No PervasiveComputingWithoutIntelligentSystems 37
SGThompson andBAzvine
3.1 Introduction 37
3.2 NeedsIdentification 39
3.3 Problems from UbiquitousComputing - Solutions from 41
IntelligentSystemsResearch
3.4 ComponentUnderstandability- Soft Computing 46
3.5 ComponentAdaptivity- Machine Learning 48
3.6 Summary 50
VI IntelligentSpaces:TheApplicationofPervasiveICl'
4 TheSupplyChain 55
DLuckett
4.1 Introductionand BackgroundtoRFID 55
4.2 Retail/SupplyChain 57
4.3 WhatAbout theConsumer? 60
4.4 Summary 63
5 Carein theCommunity 65
SBrown,NHine,ASixsmith,andPGarner
5.1 Introduction 65
5.2 The Conceptof'Well-Being' 66
5.3 How toMeasure ChangesinWell-Being 68
5.4 System Design,Deployment,and ServiceIssues 73
5.5 Summary and KeyTechnicalChallenges 78
6 PervasiveHomeEnvironments 81
PBull,RLimb,andRPayne
6.1 Introduction 81
6.2 Vision 82
6.3 Technical Challenges 84
6.4 CommercialOpportunities 89
6.5 Summary 90
7 Traffimatics- IntelligentCo-operativeVehicle Highway
Systems 93
GBilchev, DMarston,NHristov, EPeytchev, andN Wall
7.1 Introduction 93
7.2 VisionofIntelligent Co-operativeVehicleHighwaySystems 94
7.3 VisionImplementation 96
7.4 Market OpportunitiesandBarriers 104
7.5 Summary 107
8 Mixed-RealityApplicationsin Urban Environments 109
JBulman,BCrabtree,A Gower, A Oldroyd,andJSutton
8.1 Introduction 109
8.2 3D Virtual-RealityandMixed-RealityScene Rendering 110
8.3 PervasiveGaming- Gaming inUrbanEnvironments III
8.4 Workforce ManagementApplication 116
8.5 Military OperationsinUrban Environments 119
8.6 Future 123
8.7 Summary 123
Contents Vll
9 ASensorNetworkfor Glaciers 125
K Martinez,A Riddoch,JHart,andROng
9.1 Introduction 125
9.2 TheGlacsweb Project 126
9.3 System Architecture Version2 128
9.4 Example Results 137
9.5 Summaryand Future Work 138
10 Co-operation in the Digital Age- EngenderingTrustin 141
ElectronicEnvironments
A Seleznyov,M0 Ahmed,andSHailes
10.1 Introduction 141
10.2 SecurityIssuesin Ubicomp 142
10.3 DecentralisedTrust Management 145
10.4 ADAM 147
10.5 Summary 154
11 MaintainingPrivacy in PervasiveComputing- Enabling 157
AcceptanceofSensor-basedServices
A Sopperaand TBurbridge
11.1 Introduction 157
11.2 Emerging Pervasive Computing- Opportunities andThreats158
11.3 Understanding Privacy inPervasiveComputing 161
11.4 Technical Approaches to Privacy 167
11.5 ResearchChallenges 173
11.6 Summary 174
12 RFID Securityand Privacy- Issues,Standards,and Solutions 179
A Soppera, TBurbridge.andDMolnar
12.1 Introduction 179
12.2 RFID TagsTechnology- AnOverview 181
12.3 Understanding Privacy inPervasiveComputing 185
12.4 Privacyas aMultilayer Problem 186
12.5 TransferofOwnershipattheApplication Level 192
12.6 Summary 196
13 AmbientTechnology- NowYouSeeIt,NowYouDon't 199
RPayneandBMacDonald
13.1 Introduction 199
13.2 Living ina Moore's Law World 201
13.3 HardwareTechnology lnfluencersandIssues 202
13.4 The Key HardwareTechnologies for Enabling iSpaces 204
13.5 Summary 215
Vlll IntelligentSpaces: TheApplicationofPervasiveiCl'
14 IntegratedSensorNetworksfor Monitoringthe Healthand 219
Well-BeingofVulnerableIndividuals
DJ THeatley,RSKalawsky, 1Neild,andPABowman
14.1 Introduction 219
14.2 ImportanceofWell-Being Care Provision 220
14.3 ActivitiesofDaily Living 220
14.4 Ethical Considerations 221
14.5 SensingActivitiesofDaily Living 223
14.6 MultipleOccupancyIssues 224
14.7 Sensor Fusion 225
14.8 SensorNetworks 227
14.9 ExperimentalWork 234
14.10 Summary 235
15 Segmentationand TrackingofMultipleMovingObjectsfor 239
IntelligentVideo Analysis
L-QXU, JLLandabaso, andBLei
15.1 Introduction 239
15.2 MovingObjects Segmentationwith ShadowRemoval 243
15.3 Multi-ObjectTracking Using Temporal Templates 247
15.4 Experimental Results 251
15.5 Summary 253
16 An Attention-basedApproach to Content-based Image 257
Retrieval
ABamidele,F WMStentiford, andJ Morphett
16.1 Introduction 257
16.2 State ofthe Art 258
16.3 CurrentResearch 260
16.4 Results 264
16.5 Discussion 267
16.6 Summaryand FutureWork 269
17 Eye Trackingas a New InterfaceforImageRetrieval 273
o
KOyekoyaandF WMStentiford
17.1 Introduction 273
17.2 State oftheArt 273
17.3 CurrentResearchObjectives 276
17.4 Discussion 283
17.5 Summary 284
Contents ix
18 The Implications ofPervasiveComputingonNetworkDesign 287
RBriscoe
18.1 Introduction 287
18.2 Architecture 288
18.3 ComponentServices 297
18.4 Business Implications 315
18.5 Summary 317
19 AutonomicComputingfor Pervasive ICT- AWhole-System 323
Perspective
MShackleton.FSajfre,R Tateson,EBonsma,andCRoadknight
19.1 Introduction 323
19.2 IllustrativeExampleSystems 324
19.3 DiscussionofExampleSystems 330
19.4 TheNeed for 'Complex Systems' Theoryand Modelling 332
19.5 Summary 333
20 Scale-FreeTopologyfor Pervasive Networks 337
FSajfre, HJovanovic.CHoile,andSNicolas
20.1 Introduction 337
20.2 Methodology 340
20.3 Results 340
2004 Summary 348
21 NEXUS - Resilient IntelligentMiddleware 351
NKaveh andR Ghanea Hercock
21.1 Introduction 351
21.2 Motivating Scenario 352
21.3 NEXUS Architecture 353
21.4 NEXUS Prototype 355
21.5 Related Work 356
21.6 Summary 358
22 IntelligentData Analysisfor DetectingBehaviourPatterns 361
iniSpaces
DDNauck,B Majeed,andB-SLee
22.1 Introduction 361
22.2 Approaches to iSpaces 362
22.3 IntelligentDataAnalysis inSensorNetworks 363
22.4 Detecting UnusualPatterns 367
22.5 Summary 374