Table Of Contenta1
eA'Sio.d^-J^i\]'^
(W^^,
UMASS/AMHERST
I
Management
Integrated Pest Kit
For Building Managers
HOW TO IMPLEMENT AN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM YOUR
BUiLDING(S)
IN
«/
//
MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
PESTICIDE BUREAU
Written by Brad Mitchell with input
from the UMass Extension IPM
Program, Department of Food and
Agriculture staff, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency staff, and members of
New
the England Pest Control
Association.
There is no copywrite on this manual or
any of the information in Duplication
it.
and distribution of this manual and any
material contained within (with appro-
priate acknowledgments) are strongly
encouraged.
What IPM?
Is
>
Traditional methods of pest control usually involves no more than periodic applications of pesticides. IPM is a com-
mon sense approach to pest management that uses a variety ofmethods to control pests. Chemical pesticides may be
part of an IPM program. However, considerable effort is also put towards preventing pest problems by controlling condi-
tions which may attract and support pests. IPM has been used successfully for many years in agriculture, and is increas-
ingly being apphed in non-agricultural settings.
In structural pest control (pest control in and around buildings), IPM focuses mainly on ehminating or reducing sources
of food, water, and harborage that are available to pests, and limiting pest access into and throughout buildings. Control
measures such as sanitation, and building maintenance and modifications are strong elements ofa structural IPM program.
The success ofsuch aprogram requires the collaborative efforts ofeveryone involved in the management and maintenance
ofa building including service contractors, tenants, custodians, and other employees. Education and cooperation are nec-
essary parts of any IPM program.
Food source
Custodians Eliminate/
Education/
Harborage
Reduce
Training
J
»
other Employees
Pest Access
Prevention Chemical
What
is this Kit?
This kit is designed for those who are in charge of managing buildings. It is intended to introduce building managers
to the concept of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), and to provide them with the knowledge and the tools needed
to implement an IPM program in their buildings.
•
•
1
•
•
M
N A G E E N
Table Contents
of
»
Why Use IPM?
1. 1
IPM
2. Barriers to 1
3. How to Implement an IPM Program 2
4. Evaluating Program Progress
A. Manager Reports 3
B. Pest Control Contractor 3
Monitoring Reports/Recommendations
Activity Reports/Recommendations
IPM Guidance Sheets
5.
A
Pest Control Services
Recycling B
Waste Disposal and Disposal Contracts C
# D
Custodial Services
Landscape and Grounds Design E
Landscape and Grounds Maintenance F
G
Renovation, and Construction Projects
H
Building Repair and Repair Contracts
Food Service Managers I
HVAC
J
K
Electrical
Plumbing L
M
Roofing
N
Office Workers
Condominium and Apartment Residents O
6. Sample Evaluation Forms 4
7. Contact List 6
8. IPM and Pesticide Resources 7
I
A T E M E N
Why Use IPM? being done for pest control before an IPM program was
implemented. Most building managers report substantial
During the last two decades there has been an increased reduction in pesticide use with IPM.
concern and awareness about the use of chemicals, and
their effects on both human health and the environment. 3. Lower Costs
Pesticides, because they are toxic by definition, are often the Changes in cost, likepesticide usereduction, will in large
focus ofthis concem. part depend on what was being done for pest control
before an IPM program was implemented. In many
For building managers, one pesticide related issue which cases, IPM programs result in similaror lowercosts than
is gainingincreasing attentionis indoorairquality. While pes- traditional pest control programs. Some pest control
ticides are not the only factor associated with indoor air qual- costs may rise initially when certain aspects of an IPM
ity problems, they are often implicated as a contributing ele- program are put into place (such as structural modifica-
ment. Even where problems with indoor air quality are not tions). Over time however, these costs usually balance
apparent, pesticide use is increasingly becoming acontentious out in terms of savings in pest control, or other budgets.
and emotional issue with building occupants. Cultural controls and structural modifications appliedfor
pest control purposes often have other benefits such as
As a result, building managers are being put under improved work environments, reduced energy costs, and
increasing pressure to address pesticide concerns, and account reduced building maintenance.
forpesticide use intheirbuildings.Atthe sametime, they con-
tinue to be responsible for controlling insects and rodents. 4. Better Public and Occupant Relations
These pests may also pose health risks or damage buildings IPM is a proactive method of controlling pests which
andgoods. Manyinvolvedinthisissue, rangingfrompestcon- demonstrates that Building Management is environmen-
trol contractors to environmental groups, are putting tally conscious and is concerned about the health of
Integrated PestManagement (IPM) forward as the best means building occupants.
ofbalancing the need for pest control, with the concerns pes-
may
ticides raise.
IPM
Barriers to
In most situations where IPM has been implemented,
both pesticide use and pest problems have decreased dra- There may be barriers to implementing an IPM program.
matically. Barriers may include the following:
Benefits ofIPM include: • Some building managers may perceive IPM as expensive
to implement. In some cases this may be true, especially
1. Better Pest Control if maintenance and pest problems of the past have been
Effectively applied, IPM programs have been shown to ignoredordealtwith improperly. Costs mustalso bemea-
provide betterresults and last longerthan traditional pest sured over aperiod oftime. While they may rise initially,
control. overall costs will go down and stay down with an effec-
tive program.
A
2. Safer and HealthierWorkplace
Bothpests andpesticides pose health concerns forbuild- • In mostbuildings, pest controlis often seen asthe respon-
ing occupants. Pests carry human pathogens and may sibility of one individual. However, factors which con-
produce potent human allergens. Building occupants tribute to pest problems are often under the control of
may be exposed to pesticides through the air, or direct otherindividuals who may notthinkin terms ofhow their
contactwithtreated surfaces. IPM isbeingrecognizedby activities affect pest populations. For instance plumbers,
many experts as the best means to control pests effec- electricians, and custodians all have a role in managing
tively, while using the least amount of pesticide neces- pest problems. Training, cooperation, and coordination
sary. An increasing number of states, municipalities and are keys to a successful IPM program.
schools systems are mandating that IPM programs be
implemented in their buildings. • Even when individuals are trained and informed oftheir
roles in an IPM project, they still may notcareorfeel that
Since IPM results in fewer pests than traditional pest it is their responsibility. Everyone who has a role in IPM
control, it usually results in less pesticide use. However, must be committed and held accountable. •
whetherIPM will reduce the amount ofpesticide usedin
a building will in large part be determined by what was • IPM is relatively new to decision-makers using commer-
cial and in-house pest control services. These persons Control Supervisor, or report to a "Lead" Pest Control
> may not know what considerations to take into account Supervisor within Building Management.
when issuingpurchase orders, making budgets, and send-
ing out requests for proposals (RFPs). The Pest Control Supervisor should receive a complete
copy of this kit, and may be responsible for implementing
• IPM requires more skill and knowledge than traditional Steps 2-6.
pest control, so some pest control contractors may not be
up to the task ofimplementing IPM. STE¥ 2 - IPMPolicy
• Price is often used as the sole criteria by which pest con- It is important for Building Management to develop an
trol contracts are awarded. This often forces contractors IPM policy and present it to all affected parties. A brief, writ-
to do the 'T3are minimum" and ignore many aspects of ten policy announcement is recommended. The announce-
IPM. RFPs and contract proposals must contain lan- ment should be sent to all tenants, building staff and contrac-
guage which addresses specific elements ofIPM. tors and should contain the following information:
• IPM requires a degree of participation from tenants and What IPM is. Thebasic definition ofIPM found through-
others who use buildings. In the past, these persons may outthis kit canbe used: IntegratedPest Management (IPM)
have had a passive or nonexistent role in the pest man- is a common sense approach to pest management that uses a
agement activities going on around them. variety of methods to control pests. Chemical pesticides may
be part of an IPM program. However, considerable effort is
• Lack of education on IPM by Building Management also put towards preventing pest problems by controlling con-
Staffand building occupants contributes to lack ofpublic ditions in buildings which may attract and support pests. A
participation. This results inalittleincentivetoparticipate successful IPM program requires the collaborative efforts of
in the IPM program. everyone involved in the management and maintenance of a
building.
I How to Implement an IPM Program Why Building Management is dedicated to an IPM
approach to pest management. List the reasons why an IPM
A
successful IPM program will require afirm commitment approach is being taken, such as problems with air quality,
from a fairly large number ofindividuals. Someone in a poor pest control, tenant concern about pesticide use, etc.
position of authority firom Building Management will have to
stand behind the program and make and enforce IPM-related Tell who will be involved. Listthe individuals you expect
policies. An IPM program will only be as strong as the com- to cooperate and participate such as tenants, building man-
mitment ofthose involved. agement personnel, etc.
The exact steps in implementing an IPM program will ExplainhowtheIPM programwill beimplemented. Give
vary between buildings, depending on how the management time frames. Describe your general plan including elements
organization is structured, management styles, etc. Below are such as tenant and personnel education, contract provisions,
general guidelines on how to proceed: responsibilities, etc.
STEP 1 - Pest Control Supervisor STEP 3 - Educate Building Management Staff
The person in charge of Building Management should Building Management personnel responsible for various
designate a Pest Control Supervisor This person will be activities in the building (plumbing, custodial services, etc.)
responsible for overseeing all pest control operations and should be educated about IPM, and what their roles are in the
related activities. The Pest Control Supervisor will serve as a IPM program. Supervisors should be able to:
liaison to and between tenants, other Building Management
personnel, pest control contractors and othercontractors on all • educate their staffon IPM
matters relating to pest control. The ultimate goal ofthis per- • develop IPM related policies relevant to the particular
son is to insure that an IPM approach is followed. activities
• establish' contract provisions which are consistent with,
In multi-building facilities, it may be advisable to desig- and support, IPM policies
• nate a person within each building to oversee pest control
activities. This person can either act on their own as a Pest • IPM Guidance Sheets are provided in this kit. They were
.
M
N A E E N
designed to introduce various building personnel to the year IPM is implemented. The goal of the reports is to
concept ofIPM, and describe their basic roles in an IPM help the Pest Control Supervisor and Contractor assess: ^^
^^
program. Guidance Sheets for Building Management compliance with IPM, program effectiveness, and to
j)ersonnel are brokendown by activity (recycling, roofing, identify barriers to IPM. A sample Manager IPM Report
custodial services, etc.). In many cases, personnel will form is included in this kit.
have morethanoneresponsibility, and mayreceivetwoor
more different Guidance Sheets. B. Pest Control Contractor Reports - Pest Control
Contractors should file the following reports to the Pest
It may also be advisable to have pest control contractors Control Supervisor:
provide training for managers and staff of that building they
are servicing. The advantage to building-specific training ses- 1 Action Plan -At thebeginning ofeach contractperi-
sions is that the contractor can then address particular situa- od, the Pest Control Contractor should provide the
tions and problems. Pest Control Supervisor with an action plan for the
building. This report shouldinclude any recommen-
STEP 4 - Educate Building Occupants dations on changes that Building Management staff
and tenants need to make.
Tenants play an extremely important role in an IPM pro-
gram. If a large number of tenants do not cooperate, many 2. Activity Report - Pest Control Contractors should
IPM efiforts will be unsuccessful and benefits will be lost. provide the Pest Control Supervisor with periodic
reportsofhisorheractivities.Activityreports should
This kit contains two guidance sheets intended forbuild- also contain further recommendations, and note
ing occupants which outlines ways to avoid and prevent pest where earlier recommendations have not been
problems. One guidance sheet is intended for residents of implemented. A sample Activity Report Form is
apartments and condominiums. The other is intended for included in this kit. Pest Control Contractors may
office workers, students, and teachers. These Guidance Sheets have theirActivity Report Forms which are accept-
should be photocopied and made available to all tenants. able.
•
STEP 5 - Determine Contract Provisions 3. Monitoring Reports - If your pest control contract
calls for monitoring to be done, the Pest Control
IPM information pertinent to a variety of service con- Supervisor should receive copies of monitoring
tracts is contained within the IPM Guidance Sheets. Anyone reports. Many Pest Control Contractors have their
involved in writing contracts should consult the Guidance own monitoring report forms.
Sheets for appropriate provisions to be included.
It is the Pest Control Supervisor's responsibility to act as
In particular, the IPM Guidance Sheet for Building
a liaison between the Pest Control Contractor and Building
Management Staff in Charge of Pest Control Services and
Management and tenants. All recommendations made by the
Contracts contains a number of recommendations on how to
Pest Control Contractors must be passed on to appropriate
tailorpest control contracts to IPM.
building managers and tenants. The Pest Control Supervisor
should also keep the Pest Control Contractor informed of
Step 6 - Recordkeeping andEvaluating Program Progress when recommendations can and cannot be acted on.
The success of any IPM program will depend on the Recommendations from the pest control contractor and man-
degree ofparticipation from those involved. Compliance with agerreports shouldbe comparedin orderto assess compliance
IPM practices and policies by Building Management person- and identify problems.
nel, contractors, andtenants should be monitored periodically.
Recommendations as to how to assess compliance are as fol-
lows:
Manager IPM Reports - When an IPM program is first
being implemented, managers who receive IPM
Guidance Sheets should file briefreports on their efforts
to implement IPM. Reports should be filed with the Pest t
Control Supervisor at least twice per year for the first
M
E E N
>
IPM
Guidance Sheets
Pest Control Services .A
B
Recycling
Waste Disposal and Disposal Contracts C
D
Custodial Services
Landscape and Grounds Design E
Landscape and Grounds Maintenance F
G
Renovation, and Construction Projects
H
Building Repair and Repair Contracts
Food Service Managers I
HVAC
J
K
Electrical
Plumbing L
• M
Roofing
N
Office Workers
O
Condominium and Apartment Residents
/
#
ATED PEST MANAGEMEN
Notes •
•
•
