Table Of ContentINSIDE
TEXASPOLITICS
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INSIDE
TEXAS POLITICS
POWER, POLICY, AND PERSONALITY
OF THE LONE STAR STATE
Brandon Rottinghaus
University of Houston
NEW YORK OXFORD
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
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Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the
University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing
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Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press
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© [2018] by Oxford University Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
CIP data is on file at the Library of Congress
9780190299514
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed by LSC Kendallville
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To Tracy, this one is for you.
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BRIEF
CONTENTS
About the Author xvi
Preface xvii
1
The Struggle for Texas: Demographics, Culture, and Political
Power 2
2
The Texas Constitution 32
3
Federalism 66
4
Voting and Elections 96
5
Political Parties: Texas in Blue and Red 132
6
Interest Groups 164
7
The Legislature 196
8
Governors of Texas 232
9
The Plural Executive and the Bureaucracy 266
10
The Texas Judiciary 302
11
Criminal Justice 338
12
Local Government 368
13
Budget, Finances, and Policy 402
Glossary G-442
Notes N-448
Credits C-468
Index I-471
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CONTENTS
About the Author xvi
Preface xvii
Chapter 1 The Struggle for Texas: Demographics, Culture,
and Political Power 2
The Origins of Texas 4 Continuity and Change in the Texas
Native Americans 4 Demographics 15
Spanish Settlers 6 State Population Growth 15
Tejanos 6 IS IT BIGGER IN TEXAS? US States with the Largest
Anglos 7 Population Increases, 2000–2010 16
African Americans 7 Challenges of Population Growth 18
Racial and Ethnic Trends in Texas 18
Continuity and Change in the
Challenges of Shifting Racial and Ethnic Trends 20
Texas Economy 8
An Aging State 22
Food and Fiber 9 Challenges of an Aging Texas 22
Fuel 9
Continuity and Change in Texas Political
King Cattle (And Other Four-Legged
Friends) 11 Culture 23
Manufacturing 11 INSIDER INTERVIEW: Joe Holley, Houston Chronicle
Military and Defense Industries 11 Writer 23
High Tech 11 Individualistic Political Culture 25
Health Care 13 ANGLES OF POWER: Individual Rights, Equality, and
Recreation and Retirement 13 Religious Freedom 26
Assessing the “Texas Miracle” 13 Traditionalistic Political Culture 26
GREAT TEXAS POLITICAL DEBATES: Raising the Culture Conflicts 28
Minimum Wage 13
The Insider View 30
Chapter 2 The Texas Constitution 32
Constitutional Government 34 The 1836 Constitution of the Republic 38
The Roots of Rebellion and the Declaration The 1845 Constitution of the (New) State of
of Independence 35 Texas 40
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CONTENTS ix
Secession, Reconstruction, and the INSIDER INTERVIEW: Former Chief Justice Tom
Phillips 50
Constitutions of 1861, 1866, and 1869 42
GREAT TEXAS POLITICAL DEBATES: Confederate Flag
The 1861 Constitution—“The Confederacy
License Plates and the Battle over Free
Constitution” 44
Speech 52
The 1866 Constitution—“The Readmission
Constitution” 44 Amending the Constitution 53
The 1869 Constitution—“The Reconstruction Constitutional Amendments 53
Constitution” 45
Recent Major Reform Attempts 59
IS IT BIGGER IN TEXAS? Number of Words in State
The Constitution of 1876—The Current Constitutions 60
Constitution 47 ANGLES OF POWER: Debates About Amending the
Constitution 61
The Crafting of the 1876 Constitution 47
Principles of the Texas Constitution 48 The Insider View 63
Chapter 3 Federalism 66
Organizing the Constitutional System 68 Styles of Federalism 83
The Supremacy Clause 69 Dual Federalism 83
Enumerated and Implied Powers 70 Cooperative Federalism 83
Reserved Powers 72 New Federalism 84
Concurrent Powers 72 Coercive Federalism 85
Full Faith and Credit 73 INSIDER INTERVIEW: George Kelleman, President of the
Texas Retailers Association 86
Advantages of Federalism 74
Texas and Conflicts Over Federalism 88
A Stronger Central Government 74
ANGLES OF POWER: Texas, the Military, and Jade Texas Versus Washington 88
Helm 75 Tidelands Controversy 90
Representation 75 Immigration 91
Policy Innovation 75 Voter Identification at Election Places 91
Trust in Levels of Government 77 GREAT TEXAS POLITICAL DEBATES: Sanctuary Cities 92
Common Core Education Standards 93
Texas and Federal Funding 78
The Insider View 93
IS IT BIGGER IN TEXAS? Federal Aid as a Percentage of
General Revenue 79
Chapter 4 Voting and Elections 96
Voting in Texas 98 Suffrage Struggles and
Registration 98 Their Consequences 103
Types of Elections 99 Literacy Tests 103
Early Voting 99 Poll Tax 104
Mobile Voting 101 White Primary 104
Election Day 101 Hispanics 105
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