Innovative markets for sustainable agriculture

390 Pages·2016·8.79 MB·English

by  Allison Loconto

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InnovatIve markets for
sustaInable agrIculture
How innovations in market institutions encourage
sustainable agriculture in developing countries
Edited by
Allison Loconto
Anne Sophie Poisot
Pilar Santacoloma
Food And Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
and
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Rome, 2016
Recommended citation
FAO/INRA. 2016. Innovative markets for sustainable agriculture – How innovations
in market institutions encourage sustainable agriculture in developing countries,
by Loconto, A., Poisot, A.S. & Santacoloma, P. (eds.) Rome, Italy
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply
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The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily
reflect the views or policies of FAO, or INRA.
ISBN 978-92-5-109327-6
© FAO, 2016
FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product.
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iii
Contents
FORewORd xiii
PReFAce xiv
AckNOwLedgemeNtS xvi
AbStRAct xvii
AbOUt the AUthORS xviii
AcRONymS xxi
chAPteR 1
Introduction 1
Allison Loconto, Anne Sophie Poisot and Pilar Santacoloma
1.1 context 1
1.2 Justification 2
1.3 Institutional arrangements in innovation processes 4
1.4 Study methodology 7
1.5 Organization of the book 10
References 12
EMERGING INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATIONS
chAPteR 2
Business-oriented outreach programmes for sustainable
cocoa production in Indonesia: an institutional innovation 17
Jeffrey Neilson and Fiona McKenzie
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 Institutional landscape: cocoa farming in Sulawesi 20
2.3 Institutional innovation: a business-oriented
and farmer-driven outreach programme 23
2.4 Results 30
2.5 conclusions and recommendations 31
References 32
chAPteR 3
Namibian Organic Association’s Participatory Guarantee System 37
Manjo Smith and Stephen Barrow
3.1 Introduction 37
3.2 Institutional landscape 39
3.3 Institutional innovation: NOA PgS 41
3.4 Results 51
iv
3.5 conclusions 52
3.6 Recommendations 54
References 54
chAPteR 4
Community-based farming scheme in Nigeria:
enhancing sustainable agriculture 57
Jonathan J. Atungwu, Mure U. Agbonlahor, Isaac O.O. Aiyelaagbe
and Victor I. Olowe
4.1 Introduction 57
4.2 Institutional landscape 59
4.3 Institutional innovation: community-based farming scheme
for sustainable agricultural practices 61
4.4 Results 71
4.5 conclusions 74
4.6 Recommendations 75
References 75
DEVELOPING INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATIONS
chAPteR 5
Familia de la Tierra participatory guarantee system in Colombia:
Business innovation as a tool for social and productive change 79
Oscar Nieto
5.1 Introduction 79
5.2 Institutional environment 80
5.3 Institutional innovation: a network of families 82
5.4 Results and benefits 86
5.5 conclusions and recommendations 87
References 89
chAPteR 6
Strengthening local healthy food systems:
An experiment in Ecuador’s central highlands 91
Ross M. Borja and Pedro J. Oyarzún
6.1 Introduction 91
6.2 Institutional landscape 94
6.3 Institutional innovation: linking producers with consumer groups 95
6.4 Results and benefits 102
6.5 discussion and conclusions 108
6.6 Recommendations 109
References 110
v
chAPteR 7
Participatory guarantee systems:
The case of smallholders in Indian markets 113
Ashish Gupta
7.1 Introduction 113
7.2 Institutional landscape 115
7.3 Institutional innovation: PgSOc and facilitation councils 116
7.4 Results: case studies of FcS in PgSOc 127
7.5 conclusions 131
7.6 challenges and recommendations 133
References 135
chAPteR 8
Community-based organizations in sustainable production
and marketing of agricultural products
Integrated Pest management group in the Islamic Republic of Iran 137
Hossein Heidari and Alfredo Impiglia
8.1 Introduction 137
8.2 Institutional landscape 138
8.3 Institutional innovation: iranian integrated pest management
and farmer field schools 142
8.4 Results 155
8.5 conclusions 156
8.6 Recommendations 157
References 157
chAPteR 9
Quezon Participatory Guarantee System in the Philippines
Engaging smallholder farmers and other stakeholders in the
development of sustainable agriculture 159
Carmen L. Cabling
9.1 Introduction 159
9.2 Innovation 161
9.3 Institutional landscape 162
9.4 Institutional innovation: Quezon Participatory guarantee System 166
9.5 Results 174
9.6 conclusions 177
9.7 Recommendations 178
References 180
vi
chAPteR 10
Moral Rice Network, Dharma Garden Temple,
Yasothon province, Northeast Thailand 181
Alexander Kaufman and Nikom Petpha
10.1 Introduction 181
10.2 Institutional landscape 183
10.3 Institutional innovation: moral Rice Network 186
10.4 Results 195
10.5 conclusions 195
10.6 Recommendations 196
References 198
chAPteR 11
Brasso Seco Paria community in Trinidad makes
agritourism its business 201
Roxanne Waithe
11.1 Introduction 201
11.2 Institutional landscape 203
11.3 Institutional innovation: brasso Seco tAc 205
11.4 Sustainability of results and benefits 214
11.5 conclusions 216
11.6 Recommendations 216
References 217
chAPteR 12
Facilitating social networks by linking smallholder organic
farmers in Uganda to markets for sustainable products
the Freshveggies Participatory guarantee System 219
Julie M. Nakalanda and Irene B. Kugonza
12.1 Introduction 219
12.2 Institutional landscape 221
12.3 Institutional innovation 222
12.4 Results 230
12.5 conclusions 233
12.6 Recommendations 234
References 235
vii
chAPteR 13
Role of cooperatives in linking sustainable agro-ecological
farming practices to markets
kangulumira Area cooperative enterprise (kAce) in Uganda 237
Sylvia Nalubwama, Stephen Anecho, Muhammad Kiggundu, Norman Kwikiriza
and Yahaya Wafana
13.1 Introduction 237
13.2 Institutional landscape 243
13.3 Institutional innovation: kangulumira Area cooperative
enterprise (kAce) 246
13.4 Results and benefits 254
13.5 conclusions 255
13.6 Recommendations 256
References 257
CONVERGING INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATIONS
chAPteR 14
Songhai model of integrated production in Benin 259
Gaston Agossou, Gualbert Gbehounou, Godfrey Nzamujo, Anne-Sophie Poisot,
Allison Loconto and Caterina Batello
14.1 Introduction 259
14.2 Institutional landscape 261
14.3 Institutional innovation: the Songhai model 263
14.4 Results: some advantages linked to the existence
of the Songhai centre 274
14.5 conclusions and recommendations 276
References 279
chAPteR 15
Connecting producers and consumers through
innovation mechanisms: short value chains
and participatory guarantee systems
Plurinational State of bolivia 281
Hugo Chambilla S. and Eduardo López R.
15.1 Introduction 281
15.2 Institutional landscape 285
15.3 Institutional innovation: social control or peer review 288
15.4 Results and benefits 299
15.5 conclusions and recommendations 299
References 300
viii
chAPteR 16
Institutional collaboration for sustainable agriculture:
learning from the tea sector in the Southern Highlands
of the United Republic of Tanzania 303
Filbert Kavia, Allison Loconto and Emmanuel Simbua
16.1 Introduction 303
16.2 Institutional landscape 305
16.3 Institutional innovation: certifying the tea subsector
by rainforest alliance and sustainable agriculture
network standards 309
16.4 Results 320
16.5 conclusions 321
16.6 Recommendations 323
References 324
chAPteR 17
Why and how market institutions create incentives
for adopting sustainable agricultural practices 327
Allison Loconto and Marcello Vicovaro
17.1 Institutional innovation as a framework for analysis 327
17.2 why create markets for sustainably farmed products? 329
17.3 how were markets created for sustainably farmed products? 337
17.4 Institutional innovations and how they work 350
17.5 conclusions 359
References 362
FIgUReS
2.1 changing composition of the workforce in Indonesia (1985–2012) 18
2.2 exports of cocoa products from Indonesia 28
3.1 NOA PgS organizational structure 42
3.2 map of NOA PgS farms in Namibia 44
3.3 different markets for organic produce in Namibia 50
3.4 NOA certification marks 51
4.1 Quarterly investment in community-based training farms 64
4.2 monthly income from sales of farm produce from
community-based training farms, 2012 66
4.3 monthly revenue of work, earn, Learn Programme interns
in Nigeria, 2010 69
4.4 Sales of different commodities by work, earn,
Learn Programme interns in Nigeria 70
ix
4.5 Organizational structure of the centre for
community-based Farming Scheme, Federal University
of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria 72
4.6 Organizational structure of organic produce kiosk,
Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria 73
6.1 Production system changes seen by producers as a result
of participation in the box scheme 98
6.2 Net difference, in 2012, between monthly percentage
marginal benefits obtained from selling to box schemes
and benefits that would have been obtained if products
had been traded in the wholesale market 103
6.3 tree tomato selling prices on the wholesale market
and in the box scheme, 2010 103
6.4 Lettuce selling prices per 81¼-lb (37-kg) sack, according
to three different sources of information, 2010 104
6.5 Price dynamics per quintal of the Fripotato potato variety,
2010–2011 104
6.6 Price relationship of products sold by Asociación Nueva
Generación in different markets: wholesale, box schemes
or sale to the consumer via wholesaler and retailer 106
6.7 Ratio between number of products sold by men and women
and selling price received, from 2010 to 2012 107
7.1 PgS organic produce marketing logo 116
7.2 Family farmers with PgSOc 118
7.3 Land under PgS 118
7.4 PgS Organic council operational structure 119
7.5 Organization-assisted sales model 125
7.6 co-branded farmers’ logo with PgS 126
7.7 Sales in ‘000 rupees (INR) per combined Facilitation councils 127
7.8 Farming families, land and local groups (Lgs) – Fc green
Foundation 128
7.9 Volume sales of produce (kg) under PgS 2012–2014
for green Foundation 128
7.10 Farming families, land and local groups (Lgs) – Fc timbaktu
collective 130
7.11 Volume sales of produce (kg) from 2011 to 2013
for timbaktu Organic dharani 131
8.1 IPm group logo 152
8.2 IPm group marketing channels 154
9.1 Local technical committee on organic agriculture
in Quezon province 168
9.2 Quezon PgS organizational structure 168
9.3 Steps involved in the Quezon PgS certification process 169
9.4 Value chain map 174
10.1 map of thailand with yasothon province 183
10.2 moral Rice Network 188