Table Of ContentInnovations in Graphene-Based
Polymer Composites
Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites
Science and Engineering
Innovations in
Graphene-Based
Polymer Composites
Volume Editor
Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai
Vinod Ayyappan
Madhu Gattumane Motappa
Suchart Siengchin
Editor-in-Chief
Professor Costas Soutis
Series Editor
Professor SureshG. Advani
Professor Leif Asp
Professor Yuris A.Dzenis
Professor Ing. Habil.Bodo Fiedler
Professor Adrian Mouritz
Professor Chun H.Wang
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Contents
Contributors xi
1 Introduction tographene-based materials and their
composites 1
AliDehghani,SeyedMohammadLashgari,andBahramRamezanzadeh
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Grapheneand graphene oxide 2
1.3 Preparationofgraphene-containing polymeric composites 9
1.4 Graphene/polymer composite properties 11
1.5 Conclusion 17
References 18
2 Synthesis ofgraphenepolymercomposites having
highfillercontent 49
ChristianHarito,SyedZ.J.Zaidi,BudiRizaPutra,AndriHardiansyah,
Munawar Khalil, and Brian Yuliarto
2.1 Introduction 49
2.2 One-dimensional fiber 50
2.3 Two-dimensional film 53
2.4 Three-dimensional foam 55
2.5 Conclusions 57
References 57
3 Graphene-based polymercomposites for flame-retardant
application 61
XinWang, WenwenGuo, WeiCai, and Yuan Hu
3.1 Introduction 61
3.2 Flame-retardant property ofgraphene 62
3.3 Preparationofgraphene-based flame retardants 62
3.4 Applicationofgraphene-based flame retardants inpolymer
composites 65
3.5 Flame-retardant mechanism of graphene 79
3.6 Summary 80
References 81
vi Contents
4 Structural analysis of graphene-based composites 91
Athul Joseph,VinyasMahesh, Vishwas Mahesh,
and Dineshkumar Harursampath
4.1 Introduction 91
4.2 Static analysis 94
4.3 Transient/dynamic analysis 96
4.4 Vibrationanalysis 100
4.5 Buckling and postbucklinganalysis 104
4.6 Effect ofenvironmental variablesand postprocessing
parameters 107
4.7 Conclusions andfuture prospects 111
Acknowledgments 112
References 112
5 Graphene-basedpolymercoatings 121
Shatakshi Verma, S.Mohanty, andS.K.Nayak
5.1 Introduction 121
5.2 Graphite/graphene-based polymer coatings 123
5.3 Graphene oxide-based polymer coatings 126
5.4 Conclusion and future outlook 130
References 130
6 Graphene-reinforced polymericmembranes for water desalination
and gas separation/barrier applications 133
Akarsh Verma, Avinash Parashar, andAdri C.T. van Duin
6.1 Introduction 133
6.2 2D nanomaterials 135
6.3 Ionized polymers 151
6.4 Conclusions 153
Acknowledgments 153
Declarationofcompeting interest 153
References 154
7 Modeling and simulation ofgraphene-basedcomposites 167
Akarsh Verma, Naman Jain, andSushanta K. Sethi
7.1 Introduction 167
7.2 Characterizing techniques 168
7.3 Atomistic simulations tocharacterize the graphene-polymer
nanocomposites 175
7.4 Conclusion and future prospects 187
Acknowledgments 188
References 188
Contents vii
8 Graphene-based polymernanocomposites inbiomedical
applications 199
Niloofar Eslahi,Roya Lotfi, Nooshin Zandi, Mozhdeh Mazaheri,
Foad Soleimani,andAbdolreza Simchi
8.1 Introduction 199
8.2 Fabrication ofpolymer-graphene nanocomposites 200
8.3 Properties ofpolymer-graphene nanocomposites 203
8.4 Biomedical applications ofpolymer-graphene
nanocomposites 211
8.5 Future perspective 231
8.6 Conclusions 232
References 232
9 3D printing ofgraphenepolymer composites 247
RoyaLotfi, Niloofar Eslahi, Morvarid Koohkhezri,
andHesam Moghadasi
9.1 Introduction 247
9.2 3D printing methods for graphene-basedcomposites 248
9.3 Printable graphene-based polymeric nanocomposite 254
9.4 Applications 262
9.5 Conclusions andprospects 269
References 270
10 Dielectric properties of graphene polymer blends 283
ChatchaiPutson, Ardian AgusPermana, AhamadSalea,
Kunthisa Jehlaeh, and SuphitaChaipo
10.1 Introduction 283
10.2 Materialsand preparation method 284
10.3 Dielectricproperties and ACconductivity 285
10.4 Enhanceddielectric properties of graphene composite
films byelectron beam irradiation 293
10.5 P-E loop/energyefficiency 300
10.6 Electrical breakdown strength (E ) 303
b
10.7 Conclusion 305
Acknowledgments 305
References 305
11 Graphene-based polymercompositefilms 309
Na Li,Ran Wang, Lexin Zhang, Jingxin Zhou, and Tifeng Jiao
11.1 Introduction 309
11.2 Differenttypes ofgraphene-based composite membranes 310
11.3 Conclusion andcomment 326
11.4 Future perspectives 326
Acknowledgments 327
References 327
viii Contents
12 Modeling and prediction oftribological properties
ofpolyetheretherketone compositereinforced withgraphene
and titaniumpowder using artificialneural network 333
Mohamed Zakaulla
12.1 Introduction 333
12.2 Experimental procedure 335
12.3 Configuration of artificialneural network 335
12.4 Structure of database 335
12.5 ANN evaluation and optimization 337
12.6 Results anddiscussion 341
12.7 Conclusions 349
References 349
13 Graphenepolymer foamsandsponges’ preparation
and applications 353
Hooman Abbasi, Marcelo Antunes, and Jose(cid:1)IgnacioVelasco
13.1 Introduction 353
13.2 Applications 363
13.3 Conclusion 368
References 368
14 Graphene-basedpolymercomposites for photocatalytic
applications 377
Thien-Phap Nguyen and PhilippeLe Rendu
14.1 Introduction 377
14.2 Principle ofphotocatalysis 378
14.3 Titaniumdioxide semiconductors 385
14.4 Conjugated systems 393
14.5 Graphene inphotocatalysis 408
14.6 Conclusion 424
References 426
15 Effect ofgraphenestructure, processing method,
and polyethylene type on the thermal conductivity
ofpolyethylene-graphene nanocomposites 433
A.U. Chaudhry, AbdelnasserMabrouk, andAhmed Abdala
15.1 Introduction 433
15.2 Experimental 434
15.3 Methodology 434
15.4 Characterization 435
15.5 Results anddiscussion 436
15.6 Effect ofmelt blending extrusionspeed 436
15.7 Effect ofgraphene loadingand PE type 436
15.8 Effect ofprocessing method 436
15.9 Effect ofsolutionprocessing technique 437
Contents ix
15.10 Effect of C/O ratio and surface area ofgraphene 438
15.11 Conclusions 442
Acknowledgment 442
References 442
16 Functionalization ofgraphenecomposites usingionic liquids
and applications 445
MohammadDashti Najafi, Elaheh Kowsari, Seeram Ramakrishna,
andRaoufAliAkbari
16.1 Introduction 445
16.2 Functionalization ofgraphene composites with IL-based
materials 446
16.3 Variousapplications ofIL-GO composites inenergy
storage devices 449
16.4 Other applications 453
16.5 Conclusions 456
Acknowledgment 456
References 457
17 3D printing ofgraphene-basedcomposites and their
applications inmedicine and health care 463
Saeideh Kholghi Eshkalak,Elaheh Kowsari,
andSeeramRamakrishna
17.1 Introduction 463
17.2 Graphene-based composites 464
17.3 3D printing 466
17.4 Applications inmedicine and health care 470
17.5 Conclusion 476
References 476
18 Graphene/polymer compositemembranes for vanadium
redox flowbattery applications 487
Haixia Wang, PenghuaQian,Lei Zhang, andHaifeng Shi
18.1 Introduction 487
18.2 Functionalized GO derivatives 488
18.3 Properties ofgraphene/polymer composite membranes 496
18.4 Conclusion 513
References 514
19 Free vibration analysis ofmicroplates reinforced with
functionallygraded graphene nanoplatelets 521
Elyas Mohammad-Rezaei Bidgoli and Mohammad Arefi
19.1 Introduction 521
19.2 Modifiedstraingradient formulation 524
19.3 Kinematic andconstitutive relations 528
