initial environmental examination-amendment and pesticide evaluation report and safer use action

168 Pages·2016·5.38 MB·English

DCN: OCHA FFP Burkina Faso ViM IEE-A 2011-16
INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION-AMENDMENT AND
PESTICIDE EVALUATION REPORT AND SAFER USE ACTION PLAN
(PERSU AP)
PROGRAM AND ACTIVITY DATA:
Title of Program: Victory against Malnutrition ('Victoire contre la Malnutrition')
Implementing Partner: ACDINOCA
Country/Region: Burkina Faso, West Africa
Originating Office: Food for Peace
Agreement No: AID-FFP-A-11-00005
Funding Period: August 1,2011 toJuly31,2016
Life of Activity Amount: $37 million
JEE Prepared by: Sun Mountain International
PERSUAP Date: Original: July 15, 2013, Revised: October 2, 2013
IEE Amendment YIN): Y
If"YES": Date of Original IEE: Approved January 3, 2013
Env Compl Database link: http://gemini.info.usaid.gov/egat/cnvcomp/repository/pdf/38936.pdf
ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION RECOMMENDED: (Mark X where applicable)
Categorical Exclusion: Negative Determination w/ Conditions: x For
Pesticides Procurement and/or Use
Positive Determination: Deferral:
Amendment Purpose: The purpose of this document is to serve as an IEE amendment. This
amendment is made to incorporate the ViM program's pesticide use as proposed in this Pesticide
Evaluation Report and Safe Use and Action Plan (PERSUAP) for warehouse use of stored
product pesticides and field use of agricultural pesticides on field and vegetable crops as well as
for livestock.
SUMMMARY OF FINDINGS:
The ACDI-VOCA Burkina Faso's ViM Title II Development Food Aid Program's PERSUAP
was developed for the pest management and safer pesticide use aspects of the following program
activities:
• Intensification of crop production: Facilitating access to improved practices,
technologies and inputs including fertilizer, pesticides, seeds, small farming tools, animal
traction, and mechanized farm equipment.
• Training: Demonstrations and practical training at Farmer Field Schools.
• Intensification of livestock production and animal maintenance: Providing
demonstrations and facilitating access to improved practices, technologies and inputs
including veterinary care, vaccines, medicines, pesticides and feedlots.
• Intensification of family poultry and small ruminants production.
• Intensification of dairy processine;.
As the prime implementing partner under ViM, ACDl/VOCA shall work with its implementing
partners to follow the ensuing specific conditions:
• Warehouse fumigation & pesticide use: Use of the Restricted Use Pesticides,
aluminum phosphide fumigants and both organophosphate and pyrethroid warehouse
insecticides will be by certified professional applicators only for the protection of stored
Title II food aid commodities stored in ViM's central warehouse located in
Ouagadougou.
• Neonicotinoid pesticides use: Use ofNeonicotinoid pesticides containing thiamethoxam
or imidacloprid will only be used as seed treatments for sorghum and cowpeas. No uses
of thiamethoxam or imidacloprid on tomato or onion will be permitted in demonstration
plots or promoted through trainings due to risk for non-target pollinators such as bees.
• Permethrin use: For recommended permethrin products only livestock use is permitted.
No broad application agricultural field spraying permethrin products are permitted.
• Dimethoate use: Dimethoate is recommended for use on tomato and sorghum.
Dimethoate is not to be used on cowpeas.
• Voucher program: Astop-gap pamphlet on pesticide safety will be distributed with
information pertaining to safer pesticide use, including use of personal protective
equipment, proper clothing, safe application guidance, and re-entry times.
• Neem use: The product azadirachtin (the active ingredient in neem, a botanical pesticide)
is not formally registered in Burkina Faso; 1 however, the preparation of neem seed and
leaf extracts that can be applied as foliar sprays, seed treatments or soil amendments, as a
low-toxicity pesticide with well-recognized biopesticidal properties, is permitted. Neem
has few if any significant non-target impacts and is registered for use in other African
1 ACDI VOCA states that neem-derived azadirachtin is not registered by the Sahelian Pesticide Committee
largely due to a lack of financial incentive for commercial pesticide manufacturers in Burkina Faso to seek
registration of a neem product.
2
countries. Several recent studiess have provided support for neem's efficacy and role in
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for key Sahelien food security crops, including
sorghum and cowpea. 2
In addition to the specific conditions above, all mitigation measures indicated in the PER and
SUAP (see Sections 2 and 3 and Table 4.1 Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan
(EMMP)), will also be implemented under ViM. The EMMP table is intended as a monitoring
and mitigation tool for use during ViM Safer Use Action training and demonstration activities.
Table 5.2.1, the first portion of the EMMP, is applicable specifically during the use and or
promotion of pesticides on field and vegetable crops during agricultural training/demonstration
activities. The second portion of the table, EMMP Table 5.2.2 is applicable specifically to ViM
pesticide use in Title II commodity warehouse settings. The certified professional fumigation
service provider contracted by ViM will also comply with and record the required information
provided in the Fumigation Management Plan (provided in French and English in Annex 4.2).
An important part ofViM's SUAP process will be the appropriate use of pesticides according to
all official pesticide label instructions and PER findings regarding label required mitigation
measures (See Elements E of the Pesticide Evaluation Report). The ViM project will therefore
directly or indirectly disseminate information on pesticides recommended in this PERSUAP and
used for the control of insects, fungi and other pests of potential subsistence or economic
significance in terms of their effects on beneficiary farmers' yields of target value chain crops
and livestock: sorghum, cow pea, onion and tomato, poultry, goat and sheep. It is envisioned
that ViM and/or its local partners will provide training on the appropriate storage, transportation,
handling, use (including application rates), and disposal of these products (as described in detail
in Section 3: Safer Use Action Plan (see page 104).
To accomplish this, all project and local trainers will be well-versed in particular pests of each
crop and specific, locally appropriate IPM measures used to prevent yield loses from pest
infestation. Successful IPM tools and tactics used in other parts of the region and world shall be
considered whenever appropriate. The Section 2. 7 Integrated Pest Management Planning
Tables provides a summary of IPM control options that have been found effective in parts of the
West Africa or according to best practices.
Further, ACDINOCA's-ViM project and partner training staff will need to be able to identify
and differentiate Sahelian Pesticide Committee (SPC) and non-SPC registered pesticide products
that are recommended by this PERSUAP and are found available in Burkina Faso and the
Sanmatenga Province.
All products that were found available in the field and recommended by this PERSUAP are
listed below. Based on efficacy, safety to humans and non-target organisms, ACDI/VOCA-ViM
2 E.g., "Field Efficacy of Neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss) for Managing Soil Arthropods and Cercospora Leaf Spots
Damage for Increased Yield in Peanut." http://www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/89338.pdf
3
seeks immediate waiver approval of the below listed pesticides for use against a range of pest
problems on major crops and livestock targeted by ViM in Burkina Faso. Among the pesticides
recommended by the PERSUAP there are seven fungicides, eight insecticides, four herbicides,
one livestock insecticide, three botanical insecticide/nematicide, one fumigant and four
warehouse use pesticide active ingredients. Some of these are currently in use in Burkina Faso
and many of the remaining ones are effectively used or recommended in other neighboring
countries
A. Summary of Active Ingredients Recommended for Field Use in Project
ViM
(list of commercial product names in Burkina Faso)
Fungicides
1. Axoystrobin 25%
2. Difenoconazole .2%
3. lprodione 50%
4. Fludioxonil .83%
5. Mancozeb 80°/o
6. Metalaxyl-M 0.33-20%
7. Thiram 10-40%3
Insecticides
I. Acetamiprid 1.6-7.2°/o (Titan 25 EC 2.5%, Capt 88 EC 2.6%, Capt 96 EC 2.4%,
Conquest C 176 EC 3.2%, Conquest C 88 EC 1.6%, Cyperanet 88 EC 7.2%, EMIR
Fort 104 EC 7.2% w.v., Phoenix 88 EC 1.6%, Viper 46 EC 1.6%)
2. Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner, kurstaki and aizawai var) .6-32°/o
3. Dimethoate 30-40%
4. Imidacloprid 20-50°/o
5. lndoxacarb 3-30%
6. Soap-insecticidal, salts of fatty acids
7. Spinosad .02-48%
8. Thiamethoxam 20-35%
Herbicides
1. 2,4-D acid and salts 72o/o
2. Bentazon, sodium salt 48%4
3. Glyphosate 36-68%
4. Pendilmethalin 40-46%
3
Only thiram products formulated with imidaclorpid are to be promoted or used by ViM in seed treatment demonstrations.
Thiram products not approved for use by ViM include formulations with thiram plus one of these other active ingredients:
pencyuron, chlorpyrifos-ehtyl and, or permethrin (such as Caiman Rouge P (permethrin and thiram), calthio C 50 WS
(chlorpyrifos-ehtyl and thiram)).
4 Only products with bentazon as the single active ingredient (i.e. Samory 480 SL) are recommended for use by the ViM project.
4
Livestock Insecticide
1. Permethrin > 1%5
Botanicals
1. Azadirachtin (no products currently approved)
2. Marigold (tagetes) Oil Extract 5.5°/o
3. Thyme Oil Extract (thymol) 5.5°/o
B. Active Ingredients Not Recommended for Field Use in Project ViM (list of
commercial product names in Burkina Faso)
Fungicides
1. Benomyl
2. Copper oxycbloride
3. Cuprous oxide
4. Maneb
5. Metam-sodium
Herbicides
1. Bensulfuron Methyl
2. Bifenthrine
3. Clomazone
4. Fluometuron
5. Novaluron
6. Oxadiargyl
7. Paraquat dichloride
8. Promtryne
Insecticides
1. Alpha-cypermethrin
2. Carbaryl
3. Cartap
4. Cypermetbrin
5. Deltamethrin
6. Diazinoo
7. Fonofos
8. Lambda-cyhalothrin
9. Malathion
10. P.ermethrin .3-25°/o
11. Profenofos
12. Triazophos)
s Permethrin products for crop or seed applications are RUPs and are not approved for use by ViM. Only livestock uses of
permethrin are approved for use by ViM. The commercial product 'Actellic Super Dust' (containing permethrin and pirimiphos
methyl} is not approved for livestock use as pirimiphos-methyl is not acceptable for use on livestock.
5
DCN: OCHA FFP Burkina Faso ViM IEE-A 2011-16
.. ...
~ ·~~
·~ USAID
~
FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION-AMENDMENT AND
PESTICIDE EVALUATION REPORT AND SAFER USE ACTION PLAN
(PERSUAP)
PROGRAM AND ACTIVITY DATA:
Title of Program: Victory against Malnutrition ('Victoire contre la Malnutrition')
Implementing Partner: ACDI/VOCA
Country/Region: Burkina Faso, West Africa
Originating Office: Food for Peace
Agreement No: AID-FFP-A-11-00005
Funding Period: August 1, 2011 to July 31, 2016
Life of Activity Amount: $37 million
IEE Prepared by: Sun Mountain International
PERSUAP Date: Original: July 15, 2013, Revised: October 2, 2013
IEE Amendment YIN): Y
If"YES": Date of Original IEE: Approved January 3, 2013
Env Compl Database link: http://gemini.info.usaid.gov/egat/envcomp/repository/pdf/38936.pdf
ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION RECOMMENDED: (Mark X where applicable)
x
Categorical Exclusion: Negative Determination w/ Conditions: For
Pesticides Procurement and/or Use
Positive Determination: Deferral:
Amendment Purpose: The purpose of this document is to serve as an IEE amendment. This
amendment is made to incorporate the ViM program's pesticide use as proposed in this Pesticide
Evaluation Report and Safe Use and Action Plan (PERSUAP) for warehouse use of stored
product pesticides and field use of agricultural pesticides on field and vegetable crops as well as
for livestock.
SUMMMARY OF FINDINGS:
The ACDI-VOCA Burkina Faso's ViM Title II Development Food Aid Program's PERSUAP
was developed for the pest management and safer pesticide use aspects of the following program
activities:
• Intensification of crop production: Facilitating access to improved practices,
technologies and inputs including fertilizer, pesticides, seeds, small farming tools, animal
traction, and mechanized fann equipment.
• Training: Demonstrations and practical training at Fanner Field Schools.
• Intensification of livestock production and animal maintenance: Providing
demonstrations and facilitating access to improved practices, technologies and inputs
including veterinary care, vaccines, medicines, pesticides and feedlots.
• Intensification of family poultry and small ruminants production.
• Intensification of dairy processing.
As the prime implementing partner under ViM, ACDINOCA shall work with its implementing
partners to follow the ensuing specific conditions:
• Warehouse fumigation & pesticide use: Use of the Restricted Use Pesticides,
aluminum phosphide fumigants and both organophosphate and pyrethroid warehouse
insecticides will be by certified professional applicators only for the protection of stored
Title II food aid commodities stored in ViM's central warehouse located in
Ouagadougou.
• Neonicotinoid pesticides use: Use ofNeonicotinoid pesticides containing thiamethoxam
or imidacloprid will only be used as seed treatments for sorghum and cowpeas. No uses
of thiamethoxam or imidacloprid on tomato or onion will be permitted in demonstration
plots or promoted through trainings due to risk for non-target pollinators such as bees.
• Permethrin use: For recommended permethrin products only livestock use is permitted.
No broad application agricultural field spraying permethrin products are permitted.
• Dimethoate use: Dimethoate is recommended for use on tomato and sorghum.
Dimethoate is not to be used on cowpeas.
• Voucher program: Astop-gap pamphlet on pesticide safety will be distributed with
information pertaining to safer pesticide use, including use of personal protective
equipment, proper clothing, safe application guidance, and re-entry times.
• Neem use: The product azadirachtin (the active ingredient in neem, a botanical pesticide)
is not formally registered in Burkina Faso; 1 however, the preparation of neem seed and
leaf extracts that can be applied as foliar sprays, seed treatments or soil amendments, as a
low-toxicity pesticide with well-recognized biopesticidal properties, is permitted. Neem
has few if any significant non-target impacts and is registered for use in other African
1 ACDI VOCA states that neem-derived azadirachtin is not registered by the Sahelian Pesticide Committee
largely due to a lack of financial incentive for commercial pesticide manufacturers in Burkina Faso to seek
registration of a neem product.
2
countries. Several recent studiess have provided support for neern's efficacy and role in
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for key Sahelien food security crops, including
sorghum and cowpea.2
In addition to the specific conditions above, all mitigation measures indicated in the PER and
SUAP (see Sections 2 and 3 and Table 4.1 Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan
(EMMP)), will also be implemented under ViM. The EMMP table is intended as a monitoring
and mitigation tool for use during ViM Safer Use Action training and demonstration activities.
Table 5.2.1, the first portion of the EMMP, is applicable specifically during the use and or
promotion of pesticides on field and vegetable crops during agricultural training/demonstration
activities. The second portion of the table, EMMP Table 5.2.2 is applicable specifically to ViM
pesticide use in Title II commodity warehouse settings. The certified professional fumigation
service provider contracted by ViM will also comply with and record the required information
provided in the Fumigation Management Plan (provided in French and English in Annex 4.2).
An important part of ViM's SUAP process will be the appropriate use of pesticides according to
all official pesticide label instructions and PER findings regarding label required mitigation
measures (See Elements E of the Pesticide Evaluation Report). The ViM project will therefore
directly or indirectly disseminate information on pesticides recommended in this PERSUAP and
used for the control of insects, fungi and other pests of potential subsistence or economic
significance in terms of their effects on beneficiary farmers' yields of target value chain crops
and livestock: sorghum, cow pea, onion and tomato, poultry, goat and sheep. It is envisioned
that ViM and/or its local partners will provide training on the appropriate storage, transportation,
handling, use (including application rates), and disposal of these products (as described in detail
in Section 3: Safer Use Action Plan (see page 104).
To accomplish this, all project and local trainers will be well-versed in particular pests of each
crop and specific, locally appropriate IPM measures used to prevent yield loses from pest
infestation. Successful IPM tools and tactics used in other parts of the region and world shall be
considered whenever appropriate. The Section 2.7 Integrated Pest Management Planning
Tables provides a summary of IPM control options that have been found effective in parts of the
West Africa or according to best practices.
Further, ACDl/VOCA's-ViM project and partner training staff will need to be able to identify
and differentiate Sahelian Pesticide Committee (SPC) and non-SPC registered pesticide products
that are recommended by this PERSUAP and are found available in Burkina Faso and the
Sanmatenga Province.
All products that were found available in the field and recommended by this PERSUAP are
listed below. Based on efficacy, safety to humans and non-target organisms, ACDI/VOCA-ViM
2 E.g., "Field Efficacy of Neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss) for Managing Soil Arthropods and Cercospora leaf Spots
Damage for Increased Yield in Peanut." http://www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/89338.pdf
3
seeks immediate waiver approval of the below listed pesticides for use against a range of pest
problems on major crops and livestock targeted by ViM in Burkina Faso. Among the pesticides
recommended by the PERSUAP there are seven fungicides, eight insecticides, four herbicides,
one livestock insecticide, three botanical insecticide/nematicide, one fumigant and four
warehouse use pesticide active ingredients. Some of these are currently in use in Burkina Faso
and many of the remaining ones are effectively used or recommended in other neighboring
countries
A. Summary of Active Ingredients Recommended for Field Use in Project
ViM
(list of commercial product names in Burkina Faso)
Fungicides
1. Axoystrobin 25%
2. Difenoconazole .2%
3. lprodione 50%
4. Fludioxonil .83%
5. Mancozeb 80%
6. Metalaxyl-M 0.33-20%>
7. Thiram 10-40%3
Insecticides
1. Acetamiprid 1.6-7.2% (Titan 25 EC 2.5%, Capt 88 EC 2.6%, Capt 96 EC 2.4%,
Conquest C 176 EC 3.2%, Conquest C 88 EC 1.6%, Cyperanet 88 EC 7.2%, EMIR
Fort 104 EC 7.2% w.v., Phoenix 88 EC 1.6%, Viper 46 EC 1.6%)
2. Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner, kurstaki and aizawai var) .6-32%
3. Dimethoate 30-40°/o
4. Imidacloprid 20-50%
5. lndoxacarb 3-30°/o
6. Soap-insecticidal, salts of fatty acids
7. Spinosad .02-48%
8. Thiamethoxam 20-35°/o
Herbicides
1. 2,4-D acid and salts 72°/o
2. Bentazon, sodium salt 48%4
3. Glyphosate 36-68°/o
4. Pendilmethalin 40-46%
3
Only thiram products formulated with imidaclorpid are to be promoted or used by ViM in seed treatment demonstrations.
Thiram products not approved for use by ViM include formulations with thiram plus one of these other active ingredients:
pencyuron, chlorpyrifos-ehtyl and, or permethrin (such as caiman Rouge P (permethrin and thiram}, calthio C SOWS
(chlorpyrifos-ehtyl and thiram)).
4 Only products with bentazon as the single active ingredient (i.e. Samory 480 SL) are recommended for use by the ViM project.
4
Livestock Insecticide
1. Permethrin >1 %5
Botanicals
1. Azadiracbtin (no products currently approved)
2. Marigold (tagetes) Oil Extract 5.5°/o
3. Thyme Oil Extract (thymol) 5.5%
B. Active Ingredients Not Recommended for Field Use in Project ViM (list of
commercial product names in Burkina Faso)
Fungicides
l. Benomyl
2. Copper oxychloride
3. Cuprous oxide
4. Maneb
5. Mctam-sodium
Herbicides
1. BensuHuron Methyl
2. Bifenthrine
3. Clomazone
4. Fluometuron
5. Novaluron
6. Oxadiargyl
7. Paraquat dichloride
8. Promtryne
Insecticides
1. Alpha-cypermethrin
2. Carbary)
3. Cartap
4. Cypermethrin
5. Deltamethrin
6. Diazinon
7. Fonofos
8. Lambda-cyhalothrin
9. Malathion
10. Permethrin .3-25%
11. Profe nofos
12. Triazophos)
5
Permethrin products for crop or seed applications are RUPs and are not approved for use by VIM. Only livestock uses of
permethrin are approved for use by ViM. The commercial product 'Actellic Super Dust' (containing permethrin and pirimiphos
methyl) is not approved for livestock use as pirimiphos-methyl is not acceptable for use on livestock.
5