improving students' speaking ability in a mixed-ability class through fishbowl technique for 5b ...

335 Pages·2013·10.19 MB·English

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY
IN A MIXED-ABILITY CLASS THROUGH FISHBOWL TECHNIQUE
FOR 5B STUDENTS OF SDN MAGUWOHARJO 1

A THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Attainment of
the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Education

By:
Swamida Mannik Aji
NIM 08202241027

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF YOGYAKARTA
2013
APPROVAL

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY
IN A MIXED-ABILITY CLASS THROUGH FISHBOWL TECHNIQUE
FOR 5B STUDENTS OF SDN MAGUWOHARJO 1

A Thesis

Written by:
Swamida Mannik Aji
08202241027

Approved on June 7th, 2013

By:

First Consultant, Second Consultant,

Dra. Nury Supriyanti, M.A. Siwi Karmadi Kurniasih, M.Hum.
NIP. 19570829 198812 2 001 NIP. 19760305 200501 2 001

ii
RATIFICATION
IMPROVING STT}DENTS' SPEAKING ABILITY
rN A MDGD-ABTLTTY CLASS TITROUGH rISHBOWL TECr$IrQUE
FOR 58 STT}DENTS OF SDN MAG{IWOHAITIO I
A Thesis
Presented as Partial Fullillment of thc Requirements for the Attainmcnt of
the Safana Pendidihan Degrce in English Language Education
By:
Swamida Mannik Aji
0920224t027
Accepted by the Board of Thesis Examinerg Faculty of Languages and Arts,
State Universify of Yogyakart4 on June, 2013 and Declared to Have Fulfilled the
Requirements forthe Attainment ofthe Sarjana PendidikonDegree in English
Language Education.
Board ofExaminers
M.Pd.
Dra. JamilatL Chairperson 1.
M.Hum.
Siwi Karmadi, Secretary 2.
M.Pd.
Dr. Agus V/idyantorg First Examiner 3.
M.A.
Dra. Nury Supriyanti, Second Examiner 4.
Yogyakarta" June ,2013
Faculty of Languages and Arts
nr
PERNTATAAI\T
Yang betandatasgan di bawah ini saya
Nama
: Swamida Matrnik Aii
N[tl1
:082s'2241027
Program Sardi: Pendidikan Baha$a Inggrs
Faknltas
:tsahasafurSsd'Univ€mitasNegeriYoryakarra
mwyatakanbahwakaryailniahini adalahhasilpekerjaan saya sendiri. $epanjang
sepogeahuan saya, karya ilmiah ini tidak berisi materi yang ditulis oleh orrog
'k€cuali
lain, bagian$agian t€rtetrn yang saya ambil sebagai aolan dengan
mengihrti tata cara dan penulisan karya ilmiah yang tazim.
Apabila Ent)re terb*ti p€rnytraail ini ddft benu, sepen'hnya mqiadi
Aaggrmgjawab saya
Yoryakarta, Jrmi 2013
Penulis,
rv
MOTTO

“We often hope for a miracle without surrending our

hearts to The Giver of Miracle”

(Mario Teguh)

v
DEDICATIONS

I proudly dedicate this thesis to:
Myself who could finally finish this thesis
My parents, my mother and my father for always giving me support during the
process of finishing this thesis
My elder sister, Swanida Mannik Aji for her patience in listening to my problems
related to the process of finishing this thesis, and
My beloved friends who always helped me in giving solutions during the process
of finishing this thesis

vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Allah SWT who
gives me health, strength, and ability so that I could finish this thesis.
Alhamdulillah, all praises be to Allah for his blessing for me in making this final
project.
In this occasion, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to my first
advisor, Dra. Nury Supriyanti, M.A. Thank you for the advise, guidence, and
encouragement in the accomplishment of this thesis. Thank you for always
reminding me to finish this final project. Special appreciation is also devoted to
my second advisor, Siwi Karmadi Kurniasih, M.Hum, who patiently gave me
solutions, suggestions, and correction to finish this thesis.
Sincere thanks go to the principle of SDN Maguwoharjo 1 and Mrs. Anita
Sulistyaningrum, S.Pd as the English teacher, who gave me a chance to do my
research there. For all of the students of 5B, thanks for being cooperative
participations in conducting this research.
Special thanks go to my mother, Mennik Sriariyanti, and my father,
Sutarman, for their love, care, and prayer. Thanks a lot for waiting me patiently in
finishing this thesis. Many thanks also go to my elder sister, Swanida Mannik Aji,
who always gives me support and prayer.
I also thank my friends in the English Education Department, Yuni, Maria,
Arini, Feby, Shinta, Manda, Amy, and many others that I could not mention all.
Thank you for helping me in solving the problems I found during completing this
thesis.
Last but not least, I am grateful to my best friends, Nova, Oki, Pandu,
Willy, Anggi, Ningrum, and Afnan for always accompanying me in sadness and
happiness. Thank you for their kindness and moral support. Thanks for being my
beloved friends in Jogjakarta.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE ............................................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................................... ii
RATIFICATION ............................................................................................................. iii
DECLARATION ............................................................................................................. iv
MOTTO............................................................................................................................ v
DEDICATIONS ............................................................................................................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................ vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................ viii
LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... xi
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ xii
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................................. xiii
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... ivx
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Problem................................................................................... 1
B. Identification of the Problem................................................................................. 3
C. Limitation of the Problem ..................................................................................... 5
D. Formulation of the Problem .................................................................................. 6
E. Objective of the Study ........................................................................................... 7
F. Significance of the Study ...................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .......................................... 8
A. Literature Review .................................................................................................. 8
1. The Teaching of English to Children .............................................................. 8
a. Children’s Characteristics ......................................................................... 9
b. Children Language Acquisition ................................................................ 12
c. Principles of Teaching English to Children .............................................. 15
2. Teaching English to Elementary Students ...................................................... 19
a. Classroom Environment ............................................................................ 19

viii
b. Classroom Management ............................................................................ 20
c. Classroom Activities ................................................................................. 20
d. Language Focus ........................................................................................ 20
e. Evaluation ................................................................................................. 21
3. Teaching English to Elementary Students in Indonesia .................................. 23
4. Teaching English to Mixed-Ability Class ....................................................... 27
a. Materials and Resources ........................................................................... 28
b. Tasks ......................................................................................................... 28
c. Individual Needs, Interests, Strengths of Learners ................................... 28
d. Participation .............................................................................................. 29
e. Motivation ................................................................................................. 29
f. Discipline .................................................................................................. 29
5. Speaking to Children ....................................................................................... 30
a. The Definition of Speaking Ability........................................................... 30
b. Elements of Speaking Ability ................................................................... 32
c. Characteristics of Spoken Language ......................................................... 35
d. Micro- and Macroskill of Speaking Ability .............................................. 37
6. Teaching Speaking in Elementary School ...................................................... 38
a. Principles for Designing Speaking Techniques ........................................ 39
b. Factors Influence Speaking ....................................................................... 42
c. Strategies in Teaching Speaking to Elementary Students ......................... 43
d. Speaking Activities ................................................................................... 46
e. Teacher’s Roles during Speaking Lesson ................................................. 49
7. The Fishbowl Technique ................................................................................. 51
a. The Definition of Fishbowl ....................................................................... 51
b. Components of Fishbowl .......................................................................... 52
c. Function of Fishbowl ................................................................................ 54
8. Implementation of Fishbowl in Teaching Speaking ....................................... 58
a. Steps for Conducting Fishbowl ................................................................. 58
b. Advantages of Using Fishbowl in Teaching Speaking ............................. 60
c. Reasons for Implementing Fishbowl in Teaching Speaking..................... 62
B. Relevant Research Studies .................................................................................... 64
C. Conceptual Framework ......................................................................................... 67
CHAPTER III. METHOD OF STUDY ........................................................................ 68
A. Research Design .................................................................................................... 68
B. Subject ................................................................................................................... 69
C. Setting and Time of the Research ......................................................................... 69
D. Research Intruments .............................................................................................. 70
E. Data Collection Technique .................................................................................... 71

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F. Data Analysis ........................................................................................................ 72
G. The Validity and Reliability of the Data ............................................................... 74
1. The Validity of the Data .................................................................................. 74
2. The Reliability of the Data .............................................................................. 75
H. Research Procedure ............................................................................................... 77
1. Reconnaissance ............................................................................................... 77
2. Planning .......................................................................................................... 77
3. Actions and Observation ................................................................................. 79
4. Reflection ........................................................................................................ 79
CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS ..................................................................... 81
A. Reconnaissance ..................................................................................................... 81
1. The Identification of the Field Problems ........................................................ 81
2. Weighing the Field Problems .......................................................................... 88
3. Determining Actions to Solve the Feasible Field Problem ............................. 92
B. Implementation of the Actions .............................................................................. 94
1. Reports on Cycle 1 .......................................................................................... 94
a. Planning .................................................................................................... 95
b. Implementation and Observation .............................................................. 99
c. Reflection .................................................................................................. 110
2. Reports on Cycle 2 .......................................................................................... 121
a. Planning .................................................................................................... 121
b. Implementation and Observation .............................................................. 124
c. Reflection .................................................................................................. 131
3. General Findings ............................................................................................. 140
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS ........... 144
A. Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 145
B. Implications ........................................................................................................... 146
C. Suggestions ........................................................................................................... 148
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 150
APPENDICES .................................................................................................................

x