Table Of ContentHISTOPATHOLOGY
REVIEWS AND RECENT
ADVANCES
Edited by Enrique Poblet Martínez
HISTOPATHOLOGY –
REVIEWS AND RECENT
ADVANCES
Edited by Enrique Poblet Martínez
Histopathology – Reviews and Recent Advances
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/2991
Edited by Enrique Poblet Martínez
Contributors
Maria Isabel Tovar Martín, Miguel Juan Martínez Carrillo, Rosario Guerrero Tejada, Anca Maria
Cimpean, Vitalie Mazuru, Lilian Şaptefraţi, Marius Raica, Abdolrasoul Talei, Majid Akrami,
Maral Mokhtari, Sedigheh Tahmasebi, Alina Maria Sisu, Loredana Gabriela Stana, Codruta
Ileana Petrescu, Romulus Fabian Tatu, Roxana Folescu, Andrei Motoc, Sharmila P. Patil, Nitin J.
Nadkarni, Nidhi R. Sharma, Shivani Sangha, Amarjit Singh, Bruno Carvalho, Manuel Pontes,
Helena Garcia, Paulo Linhares, Rui Vaz, Jesmine Khan, Mohammed Nasimul Islam, Watchariya
Purivirojkul, Neiva Knaak, Diouneia Lisiane Berlitz, Lidia Mariana Fiuza, Mohammed M.A. Al
Barbarawi, Mohammed Z. Allouh, Suhair M.A. Qudsieh, Wei-Wen Hung, Kun-Bow Tsai, Pi-
Jung Hsiao, Hussein A. Kaoud
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First published December, 2012
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Histopathology – Reviews and Recent Advances, Edited by Enrique Poblet Martínez
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0866-5
Contents
Preface IX
Chapter 1 Human Papillomavirus Detection in Head and Neck
Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Its Clinical Implications 1
Maria Isabel Tovar Martín, Miguel Juan Martínez Carrillo
and Rosario Guerrero Tejada
Chapter 2 Shadow Keyplayers of the Uterine
Cervix Lesions Progression and Metastasis 23
Anca Maria Cimpean, Vitalie Mazuru,
Lilian Şaptefraţi and Marius Raica
Chapter 3 Surgical and Clinical Pathology of Breast Diseases 33
Abdolrasoul Talei, Majid Akrami,
Maral Mokhtari and Sedigheh Tahmasebi
Chapter 4 On the Bone Tumours: Overview, Classification,
Incidence, Histopathological Issues, Behavior
and Review Using Literature Data 65
Alina Maria Sisu, Loredana Gabriela Stana, Codruta Ileana Petrescu,
Romulus Fabian Tatu, Roxana Folescu and Andrei Motoc
Chapter 5 Nocardiosis: Clinical and Pathological Aspects 81
Sharmila P. Patil, Nitin J. Nadkarni and Nidhi R. Sharma
Chapter 6 Cytopathology of Canine Mammary Gland Affections 97
Shivani Sangha and Amarjit Singh
Chapter 7 Ossifying Fibromas of the Craniofacial Skeleton 121
Bruno Carvalho, Manuel Pontes, Helena Garcia,
Paulo Linhares and Rui Vaz
Chapter 8 Morphology of the Intestinal Barrier in Different
Physiological and Pathological Conditions 133
Jesmine Khan and Mohammed Nasimul Islam
VI Contents
Chapter 9 Histological Change of Aquatic Animals
by Parasitic Infection 153
Watchariya Purivirojkul
Chapter 10 Toxicology of the Bioinsecticides Used
in Agricultural Food Production 177
Neiva Knaak, Diouneia Lisiane Berlitz and Lidia Mariana Fiuza
Chapter 11 Neuronal and Mixed Neuronal-Glial
Tumors of the Central Nervous System 195
Mohammed M.A. Al Barbarawi,
Mohammed Z. Allouh and Suhair M.A. Qudsieh
Chapter 12 Calcitonin Expression in the Metastatic Tissue
of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma 247
Wei-Wen Hung, Kun-Bow Tsai and Pi-Jung Hsiao
Chapter 13 Molecular Histopathology 255
Hussein A. Kaoud
Preface
Histopathology, the discipline that studies the lesions that produce the pathological
states in living organisms, is in expansion. It applies basic knowledge obtained from
biological and anatomic science to make diagnosis, determine the severity and
progress of a condition and to evaluate the possible response to certain therapies.
Thus, it is not surprising that this discipline constantly expands with progress
produced in biology. In addition, novel technologies that have been recently
incorporated and the adoption of the histopathological methods by different areas
contribute to enlarge the fields that may apply the histopathological methodology.
A major goal of the book is to bring together reputable researchers from different
countries in order to provide a comprehensive coverage of advanced and modern
topics in pathology.
The papers selected for this book comprise a cross-section of topics that reflect the
variety of perspectives that histopathology contemplates. This book presents selected
reviews of areas that cover topics that are considered relevant, and introduce novel
concepts and descriptions of new entities.
The 13 chapters that have been selected for this book adequately review representative
and diverse fields that are considered of special interest for their innovation or for
their relevance in diagnostic pathology.
The 1st chapter, “Human Papillomavirus Detection In Head And Neck Squamous
Cell Carcinomas And Its Clinical Implications”, deal with one of the hot topics of
recent pathology. It has been shown that the presence of Human Papillomavirus
(HPV) is a necessary event for development of cervical carcinoma. Although HPV has
been detected in other genital tumours and in head and neck tumours, its presence is
not constant, and it is controversial if detection of the virus may implicate it as an
etiopathogenic factor. The chapter analyzes several methods for human
papillomavirus detection, analyze the implications that this detection may represent,
and review the biological and clinical aspects of human papillomavirus related with
squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
X Preface
The 2nd chapter, “Shadow Keyplayers of the Uterine Cervix Lesions Progression and
Metastasis”, is focused on early steps of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in
preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix.
Cervical neoplasia remains one of the most controversial issues for clinicians,
pathologists, and researchers. Screening programs has been very important for
reducing the incidence of invasive neoplastic lesions because these programs detect
early, preneoplastic lesions that can bee properly treated. However, the rate of
precursor lesions remains intact, and the study of some of the pathogenetic events that
occur in these early stages of neoplasia are afforded in this chapter. Angiogenesis and
lymphangiogenesis are accepted as important factors favouring tumor growth and
metastases. But, questions about (i) startpoint of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis
in cervical lesions, (ii) proliferative and/or activated status of cervical neovessels or (iii)
the origin of lymph vessels and prognostic impact of lymphangiogenesis in precursor
lesions of the uterine cervix still remain without a precise response. This interesting
chapter afforded these important issues.
The 3rd chapter, “Surgical and Clinical Pathology of Breast Diseases”, describes in a
precise manner pathological aspects of the most common breast diseases. In addition,
some indications regarding the proper management that should be considered for the
correct diagnosis of these lesions are included in the text. Selected illustrations that are
present in the chapter emphasize the importance of histopathology in the diagnosis of
breast lesions.
The 4th chapter, “On the Bone Tumours: Overview, Classification, Incidence,
Histopathological Issues, Behavior and Review Using Literature Data”, reviews
several aspects of bone tumours. Although metastatic bone tumours are frequent,
primary bone tumours account for 0.2% of all malignant neoplasms in humans. The
authors review their own case serie according to the World Health Organization
classification. The most important thing in dealing with a bone tumour is a correct and
full diagnosis as is shown in this chapter.
The 5th chapter, “Nocardiosis: Clinical and Pathological Aspects”, Nocardiosis is an
opportunistic, localized or disseminated granulomatous infection caused by an aerobic
actinomycete. The chapter represents a comprehensive review of this infection.
Although nocardiosis infection most commonly occurs through the respiratory tract,
manifestations of disease range from cutaneous infection caused by traumatic
inoculation of the organism in a normal host, to severe hematogenous spread, or to
pulmonary or central nervous system disease in an immunocompromised host. The
chapter review several aspects of epidemiology, microbiology, pathogenesis, clinical
features, and treatment related to nocardiosis.
The 6th chapter, “Cytopathology of Canine Mammary Gland Affections”, represent a
structured description of a novel, useful, and affordable technique used for diagnosis
of tumours. The chapter review fine needle aspiration cytology as a quick,
inexpensive, and easily repeatable diagnostic technique for diagnosis of mammary
Preface XI
gland affections in dogs. All technical aspects of the fine needle aspiration cytology
technique are precisely described. The diagnostic value of cytology in mammary gland
affections is emphasized showing that cytological interpretation is quiet helpful in
rapid screening of the mammary gland affections, and in differentiating benign and
malignant neoplastic lesions. The citological findings and the diagnostic interpretation
of the fine needle aspirates complete this chapter, that is supported with very helpful
illustrations.
The 7th chapter, “Ossifying Fibromas of the Craniofacial Skeleton”, afford a
controversial issue because the accurate nature and classification of ossifying fibromas
has undergone considerable debate among pathologists. This debate has produced a
confusing evolution of competing nomenclatures. Authors of this chapter achieve to
clarify this issue, and show that the definitive diagnosis can rarely be rendered on the
basis of histopathologic features alone. Definitive diagnosis is usually dependent upon
assessment of microscopic, clinical and imaging features together. Described subtypes
vary with regard to behavior and propensity for recurrence after surgical excision. The
chapter discusses the clinical, microscopic, radiological and therapeutic aspects of
ossifying fibromas.
The 8th chapter, “Morphology of the Intestinal Barrier in Different Physiological and
Pathological Conditions”, discuss the factors responsible for gut barrier dysfunction
and possible morphological changes of the barrier during several conditions.
Discussion is made in an attempt to provide a generalized idea of morphological
changes during several conditions. Many harmful factors such malnutrition, chronic
psychological stress, infections, or drugs are responsible for the damage of the gut
barrier. Understanding the morphological changes of the gut barrier during various
illnesses would enhance the knowledge of different preventive or therapeutic
modulating agents of the gut barrier.
The 9th chapter, “Histological Change of Aquatic Animals by Parasitic Infection”,
focuses on the category and diversity of the parasites that infect the aquatic animals.
Histological methods are becoming quiet common in diagnostic methodology in
aquatic animals. The author has collected more than 120 species of parasites from wild
and cultured fish from freshwater and marine fish. The chapter discusses the port of
entry and the site of localization into the host system. The degree of pathogenicity in
relation to the histological observations detected is also analyzed.
The 10th chapter, “Toxicology of the Bioinsecticides used in Agricultural Food
Production “, introduces a relatively new problem, that is the consequence of increases
in the quantity of chemical pesticides required to control the losses in production
caused by insect. The authors address the toxicological aspects of microbial and
botanical biopesticides that act by ingestion with emphasis on histopathological
analysis of tissues and cells in the alimentary channel of the Lepidoptera, as well as the
specificity of the Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria, aqueous extracts and essential oil of
medicinal and forest. For the application of plant and microbial toxins as biopesticides
