Herbal Radiomodulators Applications in Medicine, Homeland Defence and Space (CABI)

353 Pages·2008·3.9 MB·English

by  R Arora

Herbal Radiomodulators
Applications in Medicine, Homeland Defence and Space
This book is dedicated with love to
My Dear Mother
Mrs. Shanti Arora

[My Mother, truly as Her name signified, was an embodiment of Peace. She lived a short,
nonetheless eventful, saintly life. She prayed for the welfare of all living beings and taught
me the true meaning of the Sanskrit Prayer (given below). She continues to reside in my
heart and will be there till eternity!]
Sarve bhavantu sukhinah
Sarve santu nirāmayāh |
Sarve bhadrāni paśyantu
Mā kaścit dukha bhāgbhavet ||
Om Shanti, Shanti, Shanti
May all be happy
May all be free from disease, pain and suffering
May all see good in everyone
May all be free from suffering
Om Peace! Peace! Peace!
Herbal Radiomodulators
Applications in Medicine, Homeland Defence and Space

Editor
Rajesh Arora, PhD
Scientist
Defence Research and Development Service
Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
(Defence Research and Development Organization)
Delhi, India
CABI is a trading name of CAB International
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© CAB International 2008. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the
copyright owners.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Herbal radiomodulators : applications in medicine, homeland
defence, and space / edited by Rajesh Arora.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-84593-395-1 (alk. paper)
1. Radiation-protective agents. 2. Herbs--Therapeutic use. 3.
2. Radiotherapy. I. Arora, Rajesh. II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Radiation-Protective Agents--pharmacology. 2.
Radiation-Protective Agents--therapeutic use. 3. Phytotherapy. 4.
Plant Preparations--therapeutic use. 5. Plants, Medicinal. 6.
Radiation Injuries--drug therapy. WN 650 H534 2008]
RM849.H47 2008
615’.321--dc22
2008005764
ISBN-13: 978 1 84593 395 1
Printed and bound in the UK from copy supplied by the author and Ms. Preeti Arora by
Biddles Ltd, Kings Lynn.
Contents
Contributors
Preface
Foreword
Acknowledgements
About the Editor
SECTION I
Herbals for Radiomodulation (Radioprotection/Radiosensitization):
An Overview
1 Radiomodulatory Compounds of Herbal Origin for New Frontiers in 1
Medicine, Homeland Security, Management of Radiological Incidents
and Space Applications
Rajesh Arora, R. Kumar, A. Sharma and R.P. Tripathi
SECTION II
Phytomedicine for Radioprotection and Management
of Radiation Injuries
2 Indian Medicinal Herbs and Ayurvedic Formulations as Potential 25
Radioprotectors
D.K. Maurya and T.P.A. Devasagayam
3. Irradiation, Radioprotection and Nigella sativa 47
M. Cemek, M.E. Büyükokuroğlu, F. Bayıroğlu and M. Koç
4. Modulation of Radiation-induced Damage by Serbian Natural 67
Plant Products: Implications for Radioprotection
Gordana Joksić, Andreja Leskovac and Sandra Petrović
5. Phytoceuticals for Radioprotection with Special Reference to Egyptian Flora 83
N.M. Abdel-Hamid
6. Melatonin Mitigates the Damaging Effects of Ionizing Radiation 87
Russel J. Reiter, Dun-Xian Tan, Hiroshi Tamura, Lucien C. Manchester
and M. Pilar Terron
7. Radioprotective Effect of Citrus and Hawthorn Extracts against 101
Genotoxicty Induced by Gamma Irradiation
Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
8. The Healing Potential of Indigenous Essential Oils from New Zealand 109
in the Prevention and Management of Radiation-induced Mucositis
W. Maddocks-Jennings
SECTION III
Biological and Behavioural Radioprotection by Dietary Ingredients/
Nutraceuticals
9. Piper betel Leaves: A Potential Gold Mine of Radioprotective and 125
Photoprotective Compounds
Debashish Banerjee and Subrata Chattopadhyay
10. Dietary Antioxidants and Phytochemicals in Radioprotection 141
and Therapy
Carmia Borek
11. Effects of Berry Fruits on Neurocognitive Deficits Produced by 151
Exposure to Space Radiation
B.M. Rabin, James Joseph and Barbara Shukitt-Hale
12. Radioprotection by the Soy Isoflavone Genistein 163
Michael R. Landauer
13. Propolis and Related Flavonoids as Radioprotective Agents 175
Nada Oršolić, Vesna Benković, Anica Horvat-Knežević and Ivan Bašić
SECTION IV
Elucidation of Mechanism of Action of Herbal
Radioprotectors (A Stepping Stone for Designing of
Novel Radiomodulators)
14. Radioprotective Effects of Ginkgo biloba via its Antioxidant Action 197
Göksel Şener, Abdullah Sakarcan and Berrak Ç. Yeğen
15. Novel Strategies for Protecting Mitochondria (the Cellular Powerhouse) 215
against Low-LET Radiation: A Review
Damodar Gupta, Rajesh Arora, Rajiv R. Mohan, Alexandru Almasan,
Andrei V. Gudkov and Roger M. Macklis
16. Andrographis paniculata: An Emerging Radioprotective Agent for 227
Membrane Proteins
Rakshamani Tripathi and Jayashree P. Kamat
17. Mitigation of Deleterious Effects of Ionizing Radiation by 243
Phytoceuticals: Mechanistic Studies with Centella asiatica
C.K.K. Nair and Jisha Joy
SECTION V
Cancer Therapy: The Role of Radiosensitizers of Natural Origin
18. The Radiosensitizing Effects of L-Canavanine 255
David R. Worthen and Peter A. Crooks
19. Withaferin A – A Phytosteroid of Promise for Tumour Sensitization in 271
Cancer Therapy
P. Uma Devi
20. The Radiosensitizer Hypericin as Adjuvant Therapy in the Treatment 279
of Central Nervous System Tumours
Toba Niazi and William T. Couldwell
21. Radiosensitizing Activity of the Indian Medicinal Plant Tinospora 287
cordifolia Miers ex Hook F & Thoms in Tumour-bearing Mice
Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
SECTION VI
Antioxidants and Radiotherapy: The Enigmatic Connection
22. Do Antioxidants Reduce the Efficacy of Radiotherapy? 307
Ralph Moss
Contributors
Alexandru Almasan, Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
44195, USA
Rajesh Arora, Division of Radiation Biology and Radioprotection, Institute of Nuclear
Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
Debashish Banerjee, Bio-organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC),
Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India
Ivan Bašić, Department of Animal Physiology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science,
Rooseveltov trg 6 HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
F. Bayıroğlu, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yüzüncü Yıl
University, Van, Turkey
Vesna Benković, Department of Animal Physiology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of
Science, Rooseveltov trg 6 HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
Carmia Borek, Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Nutrition Infectious
Disease Unit, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
M.E. Büyükokuroğlu, Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of
Science and Arts, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
Subrata Chattopadhyay, Bio-organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC),
Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India
William Couldwell, Dept of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, 175 N Medical Drive, Salt
Lake City, UT 84132, USA
Peter A. Crooks, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536,
USA
T.P.A. Devasagayam, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai-400085,
India
Andrei V. Gudkov, Dept of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo,
NY 14227, USA
Damodar Gupta, Dept of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
14227, USA
N. M. Abdel-Hamid, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Egypt
Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr, Dept of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran
University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Ganesh C. Jagetia, Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl-796009,
Mizoram, India
Wendy Maddocks-Jennings, MJ Health, 16 Milverton Avenue, Palmerston North 4410,
New Zealand
Gordana Joksic, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia and
Montenegro
James Joseph, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, USDA-ARS, Tufts University,
Boston, MA 02111, USA
viii
Contributors
Jisha Joy, Amala Cancer Research Center, Trichur-680555, Kerala, India
Jayashree P. Kamat, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai, India
Anica Horvat-Knežević, Department of Animal Physiology, University of Zagreb, Faculty
of Science, Rooseveltov trg 6 HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
M. Koç, Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University,
Erzurum, Turkey
R. Kumar, Division of Radiation Biology and Radioprotection, Institute of Nuclear
Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
Michael R. Landauer, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
AFRRI- Bldg. 42, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889-5603, USA
Andreja Leskovac, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
Roger M. Macklis, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
44195, USA
Lucien C. Manchester, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of
Cellular and Structural Biology, San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive-MC 7762, San
Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA
D.K. Maurya, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai-400085,
India
Rajiv R. Mohan, Mason Eye Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of
Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
Ralph Moss, Cancer Decisions, Pennsylvania, USA
Cemek Mustafa, Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science
and Arts, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
C.K.K. Nair, Amala Cancer Research Center, Trichur-680555, Kerala, India
Toba Niazi, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, 175 N Medical Drive, Salt
Lake City, UT 84132, USA
Nada Oršolić, Department of Animal Physiology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science,
Rooseveltov trg 6 HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
Sandra Petrović, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
Bernard M. Rabin, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA
Russel J. Reiter, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Department of Cellular
and Structural Biology, San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive-MC 7762, San Antonio,
Texas 78229-3900, USA
Abdullah Sakarcan, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, USC School of Medicine, University
of South Carolina, Columbia SC, USA
Goksel Sener, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Marmara University,
Haydarpasa 34668, Istanbul, Turkey
A. Sharma, Division of Radiation Biology and Radioprotection, Institute of Nuclear
Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
Barbara Shukitt-Hale, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, USDA-ARS, Tufts
University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
ix