Health management in Asian aquaculture : proceedings of the Regional Expert Consultation on Aquaculture Health Management in Asia and the Pacific, Serdang, Malaysia, 22-24 May 1995

159 Pages·1996·6 MB·English

by  Regional Expert Consultation on Aquaculture Health Management in Asia and the Pacific (1995 : Universiti Pertanian Malaysia)

ISSN0429-9345
Health management in
Asian aquaculture
FISHHEALTH
SECTIONOFTHE
ASIANFISHERIES
SOCIETY
Food
and
Agriculture
Organization
Of
the
United
Nations
Health management FAO
FISHERIES
TECHNICAL
inAsian aquaculture PAPER
360
by
RohanaP.Subasinghe
FAOFisheriesDepartment
J.RichardArthur
DepartmentofFisheriesandOceans FISHHEALTH
Canada SECTIONOFTHE
MohamedShariff ASSOICAINETFYISHERIES
UniversityPertanianMalaysia
Malaysia
ProceedingsoftheRegionalExpertConsultation Food
onAquacultureHealthManagement aAgnrdiculture
SinerAdsainaga,ndMatlhaeysPiaac,if2i2c-24May1995 tOoUfhrnegiatneidzation
Nations
This One
Rome,1996
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PREPARATIONOFTHISDOCUMENT
This document contains the technical papers presented at the Regional Expert
ConsultationonAquacultureHealthManagementin AsiaandthePacific,jointly
organizedbytheFishHealthSectionoftheAsianFisheriesSociety(FHS/AFS)andthe
FislicryResourcesDivision(FIR)oftheFisheriesDepartmentofFAO,heldatUniversiti
PertanianMalaysia,Serdang,Selangor,Malaysia,22-24May1995.Thedocumentalso
containstherecommendationsmadeatliveExpertConsullalioaThefullreportofthe
ExpertConsultationispublislicdintireFAOFisheriesReportNo.529(FAO,Rome,
1995,24p).
Distribution:
FAOFisheriesDepartment
FAORegionalFisheriesandAquacultureOfficers
FAOfieldprojects
DirectoratesofFisheries
FishHealthInstitutionsoftheAsia-Pacific
Otherinterestedparties
Participants.
Copyrightedmaterial
Subasinghc,R.P.;Arthur,J.R.;Shariff,M.(cds.)
HealthmanagementinAsianaquaculture.ProceedingsoftheRegionalExpert
ConsultationonAquacultureHealthManagementinAsiaandthePacific.
Serdang,Malaysia,22-24May1995.
FAOFisheriesTechnicalPaper. No.360. Rome,FAO. 1996. 142p.
ABSTRACT
In 1994,worldaquacultureproductionreached25.5millionmt,valuedatUS$
39.83billion. Asiacontributed89.9%ofthistotal,andhassincecontinuedto
dominateglobalproduction.Thedrivetoproducemorefishandshellfishtomeetthe
growingdemandhasleadmanyaquaculturistsinAsiatointensifytheiroperations.In
manyinstances,thecomplexbalancebetweenthefish/shcllfishandtheenvironmentis
notwellunderstood,theorganismunderculturesubsequentlybecomingstressedand
pronetoinfections.Aswehavealreadywitnessed,diseasehasbeenandwillcontinueto
beamajorconstrainttothedevelopmentoftheaquacultureindustry.Consideringthe
FAO'spriorityondevelopingsustainableaquaculture,thelargeAsiancontributionto
globalaquacultureproductionandtheseeminglyhighlossesofrevenueduetodiseases
andhealth-relatedproblems,FAO,inconsultationwiththeNetworkofAquaculture
CentresintheAsia-Pacific(NACA),theAquaticAnimalHealthResearchInstitute
(AAIIRI),theSouthEastAsianFisheriesDevelopmentCentre(SEAFDEC)andthe
UniversiliPertanianMalaysia(UPM),andincollaborationwiththeFishHealthSection
oftheAsianFisheriesSociety(FHS/AFS).organizedaRegionalExpertConsultationon
AquacultureHealthManagement inAsiaand thePacific,whichwasheldat the
Universili Pertanian Malaysia in Serdang. Malaysiain May 1995.Thisdocument
comprisesthetechnicalpaperspresentedattireConsultation,andisasupplementtothe
reportofliveconsultation,FAOFisheriesReportNo.529(FAO,Rome,1995.24p.)
(Keywords:Asia,Pacific,Aquaculture,Fishdisease,Healthmanagement.Quarantine)
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CONTENTS
Pane
PREFACE
ConclusionsandRecommendationsofthe
RegionalExpertConsultation vii
TECHNICALPAPERS
BetterHealthManagementintheAsia-Pacific 1
throughSystemsManagement
MichaelJ.Phillips
FishandShellfishQuarantine:theRealityforAsia-Pacific
J.RichardArthur LI
FishandMolluscHealthResearchintheAsia-Pacific:
RPreRsenCtalSltiantausnandFuiurcDirections 29
ShrimpHealthResearchintheAsia-Pacific:
PresentStatusandFutureDirectives
CeliaRLavilla-Piiogo 41
RoleofNon-GovernmentalOrganizations(NGOs)
MinFishHealthManagementintheAsia-Pacific
ohantedShariff 5J
TrainingandExtensioninAquacultureHealth
ManagementintheAsia-Pacific:PresentStatus
andFutureRequirements
KamonpornTonguthai 60
HealthManagementStrategyForaRapidlyDeveloping
ShrimpIndustry:AnIndianPerspective
C.V.Mohan 25
AReviewofTheTraditionalandInnovativeAquaculture
HealthManagementinthePeople'sRepublicofChina
JiangYulin 88
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VI
Page
AnOverviewofHealthManagementofColdwaterFish
andShrimpinJapaneseAquaculture
KiyoshiInouye 104
AquacultureHealthManagementinSingapore:
CurrentStatusandFutureDirections
FredericH.C.Chua 115
ShrimpFanninginSriLanka:HealthManagement
andEnvironmentalConsiderations
P.K.M.Wiieuoonawardena&P.P.Ci.S.N.Sirnvardenu 127
QuarantinePracticesUsedinPapuaNewGuinea
forIntroductionsandTransfersofLiveFish
UrsulaM,Kolkolo L40
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CONCLUSIONSANDRECOMMENDATIONSOFTHEREGIONALEXPERT
CONSULTATIONONAQUACULTUREHEALTHMANAGEMENTINASIA
ANDTHEPACIFIC,HELDATTHEUN1VERSITIPERTANIANMALAYSIA
INSERDANG,MALAYSIAINMAY1995(FAOFisheriesReportNo.529,Rome,
FAO.1995.24p.)
4.1 Generalconclusionsandrecommendations
4.1.1 Inlightofthegrowingimportanceofaquaculturetoglobalfoodsupplyand
economicwell-beingandthehighlysignificantcontributionmadebvtheAsian
regiontotheworldaquacultureproduction,theconsultationrecognizedthatit
isimperativetoensurethattheAsianaquaculturesectorisdevelopedina
sustainablemanner.
4.1.2. Considering thepastexperienceswith diseaseproblemsandthe related
eacnodnroemliacteldoshseeasltthoApsrioabnleamqsuaacrueltounree,otfhethceonmsouslttatsieornioaugsredeetdertrheanttsditsoeasthees
sustainabledevelopmentofaquacultureinAsiaandthePacific.
4.1.3. Itwasrecognizedthatnotonlyhealth-relatedproblemshaveadirectbearing
ontheaquaticenvironmentalquality,butalsothatthefutureoftheentire
aquacultureindustrywilldependonthecontinuingavailabilityofwaterand
otherresourceswithadequatequality.
4.1.4. Iheconsultationagreedthatthereisanurgentneedforaneffectiveregional
healthmanagementprogramandsuggestedthreethrustareasforsucha
program;i)Research,diagnosisandinformation,ii)Trainingandextension,
andHi)Quarantineandlegislation.
4.2. Conclusionsandrecommendationsonresearch,diagnosisandinformation
Aquaticanimalhealthresearchneedsforasustainableaquacultureindustryin
AsiahavebeenrecentlyreviewedattheFishHealthManagementinAsia-
PacificWorkshoporganizedbytheADB/NACAinPusan,SouthKoreain
October1990andattheworkshoporganizedbytheFHS/AFSandSIFRduring
theSecondSymposiumonDiseasesinAsianAquacultureheldinPhuket,
Thailand in October 1993. The consultation endorsed the specific
recommendations made at the workshops and emphasized that these
recommendations should be considered when formulating future aquatic
animalhealthresearchprogramsforAsia.Theconsultationrecognizedthe
importance of regional cooperation in aquatic animal health research,
diagnosisandinformation,andthefollowingrecommendationsweremade
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aftercarefullyconsideringthepastactivities,presentstatus,futuredirections,
andtheinstitutionalandmanpowercapabilitiesintheregion.
4.2.1. TheAsianmarineshrimpcultureindustryliasexpandeddramaticallyoverthe
pastdecade.Althoughthisgrowthisgeneratedbymarketdemandandshort-
termgains,anditrepresentsonlyasmallproportionofglobalaquaculture
production,thecontributionofthissectortotheCNFofdevelopingcountries
intheregionissubstantial.Recently,therehavebeenanumberofsevere
outbreaksofdiseaseinAsianshrimpculture,mainlyduetoviralpathogens,
whichhavecausedseriouseconomiclossestotheregionalshrimpindustry.
Consideringtheabove:
Theconsultationreiteratedthatviraldiseasesofshrimpwereanextremely
criticalissue,moresothanviraldiseasesoffishatpresent,andthatimmediate
effortsmusthemadetode\’eIopresearchprogramstocombatviraldisease
problemsintheAsianshrimpindustry.Italsorecognizedthatmedium-and
long-termeffortsshouldseektodevelopthecapacityforresearchonfish
viruses,assuchdiseaseproblemswouldlikelyoccurinthefuture.
4.2.2. InAsia,mostcountriesdonotappeartohaveadequateinfrastructurefor
diseasediagnosisandresearchonaquaculturehealth.Amongthecountriesin
theregion,therearcdifferencesinprioritizedspeciesandsystemsforculture.
Thespecificemphasisgivenbythegovernmentsintheregionforestablishing
nationalaquatichealthfacilitiesappearstovarywiththeircountry’seconomic
status.Therefore:
Theconsultationrealizedthattheprimaryresponsibilityforestablishmentand
operationofnationalaquaculturehealthfacilities,includingdiagnosticand
researchlaboratories,remainswiththenationalgovernments.Regionaland
internationalorganizationsshouldbeencouragedtoassistgovernmentsin
strengtheningsuchfacilities.
4.2.3. ThediseasediagnosisandresearchcapabilitiesfoundinsomecountriesinAsia
and the Pacific are quite advanced. Trained diagnosticians, advanced
laboratoryfacilities,andexcellentaquaculturehealthcentersarcavailableand
arcfunctioning.Consideringthefactthatnational-levelcapacitybuildingin
aquaculturehealthresearchanddiagnosisisalong-termobjectivetoachieve:
IheconsultationstronglyemphasizedtheimportanceofstrengtheningAsia's
regionalcentersinaquaculturehealthmanagementasashort-termactivity.
Theparticipationofsuchcentersinsupportingcapacitybuildinginother
countriesoftheregion,throughregionalcooperationstrategies,shouldbe
strongly encouraged The consultation agreed that regional cooperative
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effortstowardsstrengtheningaquaculturehealthcenterscouldbefurther
reinforcedthroughincreasedinternationalcooperation.
4.2.4. Regionalcooperationisencouragedtoaddressaquaculturehealthproblemsin
Asia.However,aneffectiveregionalnetworkingmechanismwithrespectto
aquaculture health management, which could bring effective regional
cooperation,docsnotexist.Withtheexpansionofregionalaquacultureandthe
morefrequentemergenceofdiseaseproblems,agoodnetworkingmechanism
couldbeveryeffectiveandwouldstrengthentheregionalaquaculturehealth
managementmechanism.Therefore
Theimportanceofregionalnetworkingwasemphasizedasacost-effective
means ofstrengthening the national capacitiesfor aquaculture health
management. Increasedeffortsarerequiredtopromotetheexchange of
information, training, technicalassistanceandexpertisetoenhancesuch
regionalcooperativeactions.Ihesecooperativeexchangesshouldincludethe
moretechnicallyach’ancedcountriesoftheregion.
4.2.5. InmostPacificcountries,aquacultureisstillinitsinfancy.However,the
Pacificcountriesarcinterested indevelopingaquacultureand some have
alreadyembarkeduponcomprehensiveprograms.Itisobviousthatwiththe
developmentofaquacultureinthosecountries,diseaseandhealthproblems
willemergeasmajordeterrentstotheindustry,ifpreventiveandmitigating
measuresarcnottakenwellinadvance.Thus:
TheconsultationemphasizedthatthePacificcountriescouldlearnfrom
experiencesinthedex’elopmentofaquacultureinAsiancountries.
4.2.6. Therearcreportsfromtheregionabouthumanzoonosesrelatedtoaquaculture.
Someinstitutionsarcalreadyaddressingsuchproblems, inparticularthe
epidemiologicalaspects.
Iheconsultationdiscussedthepossiblemeritsofresearchonhumanhealth
aspectsofaquaticanimaldiseaseandrecognizeditsimportancetohuman
well-being. However, it was noted that this subject way broader than
aquaculturehealthmanagement,andtheconsultationrecommendedthatitbe
lefttootherinitiatives.
4.2.7. Genetic manipulation and the development ofdiseasc/pathogen resistant
strainshavebeenattemptedwithmanyfishandlivestockspecies,butwith
limitedsuccess.Thepossiblebenefitsofworkonthegcncucaspectsofdisease
werediscussed,particularlythepossibilityofincorporatingdiseaseresistance
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