Health and Wellness in the Renaissance and Enlightenment

282 Pages·2013·47.83 MB·English

by  Joseph P. Byrne

HEALTH AND
WELLNESS
IN THE RENAISSANCE AND
ENLIGHTENMENT
RecentTitlesin
HealthandWellnessinDailyLife
HealthandWellnessinAntiquitythroughtheMiddleAges
WilliamH.York
HealthandWellnessinColonialAmerica
RebeccaTannenbaum
HEALTH AND
WELLNESS
IN THE RENAISSANCE AND
ENLIGHTENMENT
joseph p. byrne
HealthandWellnessinDailyLife
JosephP.Byrne,SeriesEditor
Copyright2013byJosephP.Byrne
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin
aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,
mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,exceptfortheinclusionof
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publisher.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Byrne,JosephPatrick.
HealthandwellnessintheRenaissanceandEnlightenment/JosephP.Byrne.
pagescm.—(Healthandwellnessindailylife)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978–0–313–38136–2(hardcopy:alk.paper)—ISBN978–0–313–
38137–9(ebook)1. Health—History.2. Mentalhealth—History.3. Medicine—
History—15thcentury.4. Medicine—History—19thcentury.5. Publichealth—
History. I.Title.
RA776.5.B97 2013
610.9—dc23 2013007961
ISBN:978–0–313–38136–2
EISBN:978–0–313–38137–9
17 16 15 14 13 1 2 3 4 5
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ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Contents
SeriesForeword ix
1. FactorsinEarlyModernHealthandMedicine 1
FactorsinIndividualHealthandWell-Being 1
TheEarlyModernWorld 5
SocietalFactorsinHealthandMedicine 9
2. EducationandTraining:LearnedandNonlearned 17
WesternTraditions 17
EarlyModernMexicans 24
AfricanSlavesintheCaribbean 26
TheChinese 30
3. ReligionandMedicine 37
TheExpandingChristianWorld 38
AfricansatHomeandEnslaved 42
ReligionandMedicineamongtheAztecs 45
MingandQingChina 47
4. Women’sHealthandMedicine 51
TheAztecs 51
vi Contents
CaribbeanSlaves 54
TheChinese 54
TheEuropeans 59
5. InfantsandChildren 69
TheyAreBorn:NeonatalandInfantHealth 70
HazardstoOlderChildren’sHealthandLives 74
EuropeanInstitutionsofChildCare 78
6. InfectiousDiseases 85
Background 85
TheContinuingSaga:Fleas,Rats,andPlague 87
Mosquitoes,Malaria,andYellowFever 90
FilthandParasites:TyphusandDysentery 93
WhentheAirIsDeadly:Smallpox,Influenza,andMeasles 96
WaterborneDiseases:CholeraandTyphoidFever 100
WhenSexNeededDrugs:SyphilisandOther
VenerealDiseases 101
7. EnvironmentalandOccupationalHazards 105
EnvironmentalHazards 105
OccupationalHazards 111
8. SurgeonsandSurgery 121
TheAztecs 122
TheChinese 123
TheIslamicWorld 125
TheEuropeans 128
9. MentalandEmotionalHealthandDisorders 139
TheAztecs 140
CaribbeanSlaves 142
TheChinese 143
TheTurksandPersians 146
TheEuropeans 147
10. ApothecariesandTheirPharmacopeias 159
TypesofMateriaMedica 160
Contents vii
EarlyModernDispensersofMedicinal
MaterialsandTheirSources 162
TheWorldwidePharmacopeia 170
11. War,Health,andMedicine 183
TheAztecWayofWar 185
EuropeansatWar 187
CarefortheWoundedandVeterans 196
WarwithintheHouseofIslam 198
12. MedicalInstitutions 201
TheChinese 201
TheIslamicWorld 203
TheEuropeans 207
EuropeanInstitutionsAbroad 215
13. HealingandtheArts 221
TheVisualArts 221
DoctorsinDramasandNovels 226
MedicineinPoetry 230
Glossary 237
Bibliography 239
Index 253