Hate Speech in Japan: The Possibility of a Non-Regulatory Approach

526 Pages·2021·6.043 MB·English

by  Shinji Higaki (editor), Yuji Nasu (editor)

Hate Speech in Japan
The Possibility of a
Non-Regulatory Approach
Edited by Shinji Higaki and Yuji Nasu

HATE SPEECH IN JAPAN
Thisbookexplainsthepastandpresentstatusofhatespeechregulations
in Japan. The United States and European countries have adopted
different approaches to resolve their respective hate speech problems.
Bothofthem,however,continuetoconfrontthedilemmathatfreedom
ofspeechandanti-racismarefundamentalvaluesofhumanrights.Some
scholarscriticizetheUSapproachastooprotectiveoffreedomofspeech,
while other scholars criticize the European approach as impermissibly
violatingthatfreedom.Comparedtothesecountries,Japanisuniquein
thatitdoesnotcriminalizehatespeechandhatecrimeotherthaninthe
recently enacted Kawasaki City Ordinance criminalizing some kinds of
hate speech. Japan basically relies on a comprehensive set of non-
regulative tools to suppress extreme hate speech. This volume analyses
Japanese hate speech laws and suggests a unique distinctive model to
strikeabalancebetweenbothcorevaluesofdemocracy.
shinji higaki is Associate Professor of Law at Fukuoka University,
Japan. He has been a visiting scholar at the U.S.–Asia Law Institute of
NewYorkUniversitySchoolofLawandthePeterA.AllardSchoolofLaw
oftheUniversityofBritishColumbia.HeearnedhisPh.D.inLawfrom
DoshishaUniversityin2015.Hespecializesinconstitutionallaw,particu-
larly freedom of speech. He is the author of numerous works on free
speech issues, including Heito Supīchi Kisei no Kenpōgakuteki Kōsatsu
[Aconstitutionalanalysisonhatespeechregulation](Horitsubunkasha,
2017).
yujinasuisProfessorofLawatSeinanGakuinUniversity,Japan,where
heteachesconstitutionalandcomparativelaw.Hisresearchinterestsare
primarilyinfreedomofexpression,withaparticularfocusonhatespeech
and definitional balancing. He has written numerous articles on free
speech, which have been published in Japanese periodicals such as
Hōgaku Seminā [Legal seminar] or Amerika Hō [American law]. He
recently published Heito Supīchihō no Hikaku Kenkyū [A comparative
studyofhatespeechlaws](Shinzansha,2019),analysingthelawsofthe
UnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,Canada,andJapan.

H A T E S P E E C H I N J A P A N
The Possibility of a Non-Regulatory Approach
Edited by
SHINJI HIGAKI
FukuokaUniversity
YUJI NASU
SeinanGakuinUniversity
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www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108483995
DOI:10.1017/9781108669559
©CambridgeUniversityPress2021
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noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
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Firstpublished2021
AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Higaki,Shinji,author.|Nasu,Yūji,author.
Title:HatespeechinJapan:thepossibilityofanon-regulatoryapproach/editedbyShinji
Higaki,FukuokaUniversity;YujiNasu,SeinanGakuinUniversity.
Description:Cambridge,UnitedKingdom;NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,
2021.|Includesindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2020041200|ISBN9781108483995(hardback)
Subjects:LCSH:Hatespeech–Lawandlegislation–Japan.|Discrimination–Lawand
legislation–Japan.|Racediscrimination–Lawandlegislation–Japan.|Freedomof
speech–Japan.|Constitutionallaw–Japan.
Classification:LCCKNX4147.H542021|DDC342.5208/53–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020041200
ISBN978-1-108-48399-5Hardback
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CONTENTS
ListofTables pageviii
ListofFigures ix
ListofContributors x
Acknowledgements xv
ListofAbbreviations xvii
Introduction 1
yuji nasu and shinji higaki
PART I Outline
1 HateSpeechRegulationandAnti-discriminationin
Japan 17
atsushi kondo
2 FreedomofExpressioninJapan:TheConstitutional
FrameworkofProtection 35
shigenori matsui
3 HateSpeechandInternationalLaw:TheInternalizationof
InternationalHumanRightsinJapan 58
ayako hatano
PART II History
4 BurakuDiscriminationandHateSpeech:Complex
SituationsofClassicalandContemporaryDiscriminationin
Japan 107
takanori yamamoto
5 TheCurrentMovementofHateSpeech:FocusingonHate
SpeechDirectedatKoreanResidentsinJapan 125
ryangok ku
v
vi contents
6 TheFailureoftheHumanRightsVindicationBill 151
masayoshi kaneko
PART III LegalFramework
7 HateSpeechandCriminalLawFrameworksin
Japan 167
osamu sakuraba
8 TortLiabilityforHateSpeechinJapan 187
kensuke kajiwara
9 TheFrameworksoftheHateSpeechLocalOrdinances:
EffortsandChallengesofLocalGovernmentsin
Japan 207
hideki nakamura
10 TheLegislativeProcessLeadingtotheHateSpeech
EliminationAct 223
katsuo yakura
11 TheHateSpeechEliminationAct:ALegal
Analysis 237
shinji higaki
PART IV Cases
12 KyotoKoreanElementarySchoolCase:TheFacts 257
il-song nakamura, translated by mana
sato
13 KyotoKoreanElementarySchoolCase:ALegal
Analysis 295
shiki tomimasu
14 AnInjunctionBanningaXenophobicGroupfrom
Demonstrating:KawasakiCase 324
toru mori
PART V MultidisciplinaryDebates
15 FreeSpeechJurisprudenceinJapan:TheInfluenceof
ComparativeConstitutionalLaw 341
keigo obayashi
16 Japan’sPostcolonialHateSpeech 363
naoto higuchi
contents vii
17 AQuantitativeandTheoreticalInvestigationofRacismin
Japan:ASocialPsychologicalApproach 381
fumiaki taka
PART VI CurrentIssues
18 HateSpeechontheInternet 409
kazushi ogura
19 HateGroupsandtheUseofPublicFacilities:Striking
aBalancebetweentheRighttoAssemblyandtheInterests
ofMinorityResidents 425
yuji nasu
20 HateSpeechintheMassMedia:ADisputeover
BroadcastinginJapan 456
shinji uozumi
AppendixA AChronologyofEventsandLegislationRelated
toHateSpeechinJapan 474
AppendixB ListsofJapaneseActs,Bills,Ordinances,
andOtherMaterials 489
Index 497
TABLES
1.1 Anti-discrimination page31
1.2 Scopeofnationalanti-discriminationlaw 33
17.1 CodesappliedtovariousKorean-relevanttweets 391
20.1 AtimelineoftheNewsJoshidispute 466
viii