Table Of ContentHandbook of
Zinc Oxide
and
Related Materials
Volume One
Materials
Handbook of Zinc Oxide and Related Materials: Volume One, Materials
Handbook of Zinc Oxide and Related Materials: Volume Two, Devices and Nano-Engineering
Electronic Materials and Devices Series
Series Editors
Jean-Pierre Leburton and Yongbing Xu
The MOCVD Challenge: A Survey of GaInAsP-InP and GaInAsP-GaAs for Photonic
and Electronic Device Spplications, Second Edition, Manijeh Razeghi
Handbook of Zinc Oxide and Related Materials: Volume One, Materials,
Edited by Zhe Chuan Feng
Handbook of Zinc Oxide and Related Materials: Volume Two, Devices and
Nano-Engineering, Edited by Zhe Chuan Feng
Handbook of
Zinc Oxide
and
Related Materials
Volume One
Materials
Edited by
Zhe Chuan Feng
First published 2013 by CRC Press
Published 2019 by CRC Press
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© 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Version Date: 20120605
ISBN-13: 978-1-4398-5570-6 (hbk)
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Handbook of zinc oxide and related materials / editor, Zhe Chuan Feng.
v. cm. -- (Electronic materials and devices series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Contents: v. 1. Materials -- v. 2. Devices and nano-engineering.
ISBN 978-1-4398-5570-6 (v. 1 : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-1-4398-5574-4 (v. 2. : alk. paper)
1. Zinc oxide--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Microelectronics--Materials--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3.
Electronic apparatus and appliances--Materials--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Feng, Zhe Chuan.
TK7871.15.Z56H36 2013
621.3815’2--dc23 2012015917
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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Contents
Preface...............................................................................................................................................ix
Editor................................................................................................................................................xi
Contributors..................................................................................................................................xiii
Part I ZnO Basic
1. Brief Historical Review of Research and Basic/Interdisciplinary
Characterization of ZnO........................................................................................................3
Zhe Chuan Feng
2. Pressurized Melt Growth of ZnO Single Crystals.........................................................37
Jeff Nause
3. New Design and Development of MOCVD, Process and Modeling
for ZnO-Based Materials.....................................................................................................47
G.S. Tompa and S. Sun
4. p-Type ZnO: Current Status and Perspective..................................................................81
Zhizhen Ye, Haiping He, Jianguo Lu, and Liping Zhu
Part II ZnO Epitaxy
5. ZnO Nanostructures and Thin Films Grown in Aqueous Solution:
Growth, Defects, and Doping...........................................................................................107
S.J. Chua, C.B. Tay, and J. Tang
6. Second Harmonic Generation and Related Studies on ZnO Films..........................141
Maria Cristina Larciprete and Mario Bertolotti
7. Optical Properties and Carrier Dynamics of ZnO and ZnO/ZnMgO
Multiple Quantum Well Structures.................................................................................167
Bong-Joon Kwon and Yong-Hoon Cho
8. p-Type ZnO-N Films: Preparation and Characterization
by Synchrotron Radiation.................................................................................................205
C.W. Zou and W. Gao
9. Optical Properties of MgZnO/ZnO Heterostructures Grown on
Sapphire Substrates by Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy.........................223
Y.M. Lu, P.J. Cao, W.J. Liu, D.L. Zhu, X.C. Ma, D.Z. Shen, and X.W. Fan
vii
viii Contents
Part III ZnO Alloys
10. The (Mg,Zn)O Alloy...........................................................................................................257
Holger von Wenckstern, Rüdiger Schmidt-Grund, Carsten Bundesmann,
Alexander Müller, Christof P. Dietrich, Marko Stölzel, Martin Lange,
and Marius Grundmann
11. Growth and Characterizations of Zn(Mg,Cd)O Alloys and Heterostructures
Using Remote-Plasma-Enhanced MOCVD...................................................................321
Kenji Yamamoto and Jiro Temmyo
12. Structural and Optical Properties of Zn Cu O Thin Films.....................................351
1−x x
Ram S. Katiyar and Kousik Samanta
13. Structural and Magnetic Properties of ZnO Alloy Films with
Cu, Cr, and Fe by RF Magnetron Sputtering Technique.............................................373
X.M. Wu, L.J. Zhuge, Z.F. Wu, and C.G. Jin
Index..............................................................................................................................................419
Preface
Zinc.oxide.(ZnO).is.an.“old”.semiconductor.that.has.attracted.the.attention.of.researchers.
for.a.long.time.because.of.its.applications.in.science.and.industry.such.as.piezoelectric.
transducers,.optical.waveguides,.acousto-optic.media,.conductive.gas.sensors,.transparent.
conductive.electrodes,.and.so.on.
ZnO,.which.crystallizes.in.the.wurtzite.structure,.is.a.direct.band-gap.semiconductor.
with.a.room.temperature.band.gap.of.3.37.eV,.an.exciton.binding.energy.of.60.meV,.and.
other.useful.properties..ZnO.can.be.grown.at.relatively.low.temperatures.below.500°C..
The.band.gap.of.ZnO.can.be.tuned.by.forming.alloys.of.ZnMgO,.ZnCdO,.etc..Magnetic.
semiconductors.can.be.obtained.from.ZnMnO,.ZnCrO,.and.so.on,.which.have.wonderful.
applications.in.spintronics.and.other.fields.
Therefore,.ZnO.and.related.materials.as.well.as.quantum/nanostructures.have.now.
received.increasing.attention.and.have.been.recognized.as.promising.candidates.for.effi-
cient.UV/blue.light–emitting.diodes.(LEDs),.sensors,.photodetectors,.and.laser.diodes.
(LDs)..A.strong.research.trend.has.formed..A.large.number.of.publications.and.books.have.
now.appeared,.and.conferences.have.been.held..More.new.researchers,.contributors,.and.
especially.new.graduate.students.have.devoted.themselves.to.these.fields.
In.recent.years,.research.and.development.on.wide.gap.semiconductors,.GaN-SiC-ZnO.
and.related.materials,.and.quantum/nanostructures.have.been.very.active..GaN-based.
LEDs.are.forming.new.industries.worldwide..It.is.expected.that.LEDs.may.replace.tradi-
tional.lightbulbs.and.tubes.to.achieve.a.new.lighting.echo..SiC.is.recognized.as.the.power.
electronic.material.for.the.twenty-first.century..ZnO.is.rapidly.emerging.as.a.third.class.
of.promising.wide.gap.semiconductors..ZnO.and.related.materials—together.with.two.
other.classes.of.wide.gap.semiconductors,.GaN.and.SiC—are.currently.revolutionizing.an.
increasing.number.of.applications.and.bring.apparent.benefits.to.vast.areas.of.develop-
ment,.such.as.lighting,.communications,.biotechnology,.imaging,.energy.conversion,.pho-
tovoltaic,.and.medicine,.with.energy-efficient/saving.and.environment-friendly.devices.
I.have.recently.published.four.review.books.on.SiC.and.III-Nitrides..The.current.two.
volumes.on.ZnO.and.related.materials,.devices.and.nano-engineering,.provide.up-to-date,.
comprehensive.reviews.of.various.technological.fields.on.ZnO.
The.research.and.application.on.these.materials.and.devices.are.developing.very.fast..
Data,.even.if.published.recently,.need.to.be.updated.constantly..This.two-volume.set..
.covers.the.state.of.the.art.in.the.field..These.books.are.oriented.more.toward.engineering.
and.materials.science.rather.than.pure.science.
Handbook of Zinc Oxide and Related Materials: Volume One, Materials and Handbook of Zinc
Oxide and Related Materials: Volume Two, Devices and Nano-Engineering.are.intended.for.a.
wide.range.of.readers.and.covers.each.of.the.basic.and.critical.aspects.of.ZnO.science.
and.technology..Each.chapter,.written.by.experts.in.the.field,.reviews.the.important.
topics.and.achievements.in.recent.years,.especially.after.2005,.discusses.the.progress.
made.by.different.groups,.and.suggests.further.works.needed..This.volume.provides.
useful.information.about.the.device.and.nanoscale.process;.the.fabrication.of.LEDs,.LDs,.
photodetectors,.and.nanodevices;.and.the.characterization,.application,.and.development.
of.ZnO-based.semiconductor.devices.and.nano-engineering.
Handbook of Zinc Oxide and Related Materials: Volume One, Materials consists.of.13.well-
written.chapters,.and.is.divided.into.3.parts:.Part.I—ZnO.Basic,.Part.II—ZnO.Epitaxy,.
ix
