Handbook of organization studies

761 Pages·1996·46.455 MB·English

by  Stewart Clegg, Cynthia Hardy, Walter Nord

Organization
Studies

■
■
Edited by
Stewart R. Clegg,
Cynthia Hardy
and
Walter R.Nord
SAGE
✓
Handbook of
ORGANIZATION
STUDIES
EDITORIAL BOARD
Howard E. Aldrich
Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Mats Alvesson
Department of Business Administration, Lund University
Koya Azumi
Department of Social Sciences, International Christian University
Per Olof Berg
Management Research Institute, Copenhagen Business School
Gibson Burrell
School of Industrial and Business Studies, University of Warwick
Marta Calas
School of Management, University of Massachusetts
Barbara Czamiawska-Joerges
School of Economics and Management, Lund University
Peter Frost
Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration, University of British Columbia
Jane Marceau
Research School of Social Sciences & Pacific Studies, Australian National University
Stella Nkomo
Belk College of Business Administration, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Andrew Pettigrew
Centre for Corporate Strategy and Change, Warwick Business School
Linda L. Putnam
Department of Speech Communication, Texas A & M University
Karlene Roberts
Walter A. Haas School of Business, University of California
Suzana Rodrigues
Faculty of Management, Federal University of Minais Geras
Linda Smircich
School of Management, University of Massachusetts
Barry Staw
Walter A. Haas School of Business, University of California
Roberto Venosa
Getulio Vargas Foundation, St. Pauls Business College
Karl E. Weick
Faculty of Management, University of Michigan
David Whetten
Department of Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Handbook of
ORGANIZATION
STUDIES
edited by
STEWART R. CLEGG,
CYNTHIA HARDY
AND WALTER R. NORD
SAGE Publications
London • Thousand Oaks • New Delhi
Editorial Selection and Preface © Stewart R. Chapter 2.6 © Arthur D. Shulman 1996
Clegg, Cynthia Hardy and Walter R. Nord 1996 Chapter 2.7 © Linda L. Putnam, Nelson Phillips
Introduction and Conclusion © Stewart R. Clegg and Pamela Chapman 1996
and Cynthia Hardy 1996 Chapter 2.8 © Karlene H. Roberts and Martha
Chapter 1.1 © Michael Reed 1996 Grabowski 1996
Chapter 1.2 © Lex Donaldson 1996 Chapter 2.9 © Deborah Dougherty 1996
Chapter 1.3 © Joel A.C. Baum 1996 Chapter 2.10 © Karl E. Weick and Frances
Chapter 1.4 © Jay B. Barney and William Hesterly Westley 1996
1996 Chapter 2.11 © Carolyn P. Egri and Lawrence T.
Chapter 1.5 © Walter R. Nord and Suzy Fox 1996 Pinfield 1996
Chapter 1.6 © Pamela S. Tolbert and Lynne G. Chapter 2.12 © Barbara Parker 1996
Zucker 1996 Chapter 3.1 © Ralph Stablein 1996
Chapter 1.7 © Mats Alvesson and Stanley Deetz Chapter 3.2 © Colin Eden and Chris Huxham
1996 1996
Chapter 1.8© Marta B. Calas and Linda Smircich Chapter 3.3 © Stephen Fineman 1996
1996 Chapter 3.4 © Pasquale Gagliardi 1996
Chapter 2.1 © Richard Whipp 1996 Chapter 3.5 © John Hassard 1996
Chapter 2.2 © Alan Bryman 1996 Chapter 3.6 © Joanne Martin and Peter Frost
Chapter 2.3 © Susan J. Miller, David J. Hickson 1996
and David C. Wilson 1996 Chapter 3.7 © Cynthia Hardy and Stewart R.
Chapter 2.4 © Ann E. Tenbrunsel, Tiffany L. Clegg 1996
Galvin, Margaret A. Neale and Max H. Bazerman Chapter 3.8 © Gibson Burrell 1996
1996 Chapter 3.9 © Richard Marsden and Barbara
Chapter 2.5 © Stella M. Nkomo and Taylor Cox Jr Townley 1996
1996
First published 1996
Reprinted 2002
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or utilized
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in
writing from the Publishers.
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available from the British Library
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Printed and bound in Great Britain by Biddles Ltd, Guildford and King's Lynn
Contents
Contributors viii
Preface xxi
Introduction Organizations, Organization and Organizing 1
Stewart R. Clegg and Cynthia Hardy
Part One FRAMEWORKS FOR ANALYSIS 29
1.1 Organizational Theorizing: a Historically Contested Terrain 31
Michael Reed
1.2 The Normal Science of Structural Contingency Theory 57
Lex Donaldson
1.3 Organizational Ecology 77
Joel A. C. Baum
1.4 Organizational Economics: Understanding the Relationship
between Organizations and Economic Analysis 115
Jay B. Barney and William Hesterly
1.5 The Individual in Organizational Studies: the Great
Disappearing Act? 148
Walter R Nord and Suzy Fox
1.6 The Institutionalization of Institutional Theory 175
Pamela S. Tolbert and Lynne G. Zucker
1.7 Critical Theory and Postmodernism Approaches to
Organizational Studies 191
Mats Alvesson and Stanley Deetz
vi HANDBOOK OF ORGANIZATION STUDIES
1.8 From ‘The Woman’s’ Point of View: Feminist Approaches to
Organization Studies 218
Marta B. Calds and Linda Smircich
Part Two CURRENT ISSUES IN
ORGANIZATION STUDIES 259
2.1 Creative Deconstruction: Strategy and Organizations 261
Richard Whipp
2.2 Leadership in Organizations 276
Alan Bryman
2.3 Decision-Making in Organizations 293
Susan J. Miller, David J. Hickson and David C. Wilson
2.4 Cognitions in Organizations 313
Ann E. Tenbrunsel, Tiffany L. Galvin, Margaret A. Neale and
Max H. Bazerman
2.5 Diverse Identities in Organizations 338
Stella M. Nkomo and Taylor Cox Jr
2.6 Putting Group Information Technology in its Place:
Communication and Good Work Group Performance 357
Arthur D. Shulman
2.7 Metaphors of Communication and Organization 375
Linda L. Putnam, Nelson Phillips and Pamela Chapman
2.8 Organizations, Technology and Structuring 409
Karlene H. Roberts and Martha Grabowski
2.9 Organizing for Innovation 424
Deborah Dougherty
2.10 Organizational Learning: Affirming an Oxymoron 440
Karl E. Weick and Frances Westley
2.11 Organizations and the Biosphere: Ecologies and Environments 459
Carolyn P. Egri and Lawrence T. Pinfield
2.12 Evolution and Revolution: from International Business to
Globalization 484
Barbara Parker
CONTENTS vii
Part Three REFLECTIONS ON
RESEARCH, THEORY AND PRACTICE 507
3.1 Data in Organization Studies 509
Ralph Stablein
3.2 Action Research for the Study of Organizations 526
Colin Eden and Chris Huxham
3.3 Emotion and Organizing 543
Stephen Fineman
3.4 Exploring the Aesthetic Side of Organizational Life 565
Pasquale Gagliardi
3.5 Images of Time in Work and Organization 581
John Hassard
3.6 The Organizational Culture War Games: a Struggle for
Intellectual Dominance 599
Joanne Martin and Peter Frost
3.7 Some Dare Call It Power 622
Cynthia Hardy and Stewart R. Clegg
3.8 Normal Science, Paradigms, Metaphors, Discourses and
Genealogies of Analysis 642
Gibson Burrell
3.9 The Owl of Minerva: Reflections on Theory in Practice 659
Richard Marsden and Barbara Townley
Conclusion Representations 676
Stewart R. Clegg and Cynthia Hardy
Index 709
Contributors
Mats Alvesson is a Professor at the Department of Business Administration at
Lund University, Sweden. He is interested in critical theory, organizational
culture and symbolism, gender and philosophy of science. Empirical work
has mainly been conducted especially in professional service and knowledge-
intensive companies. He is a co-editor of the journal Organization. Recent
books include Corporate Culture and Organizational Symbolism (1992, with
P.O. Berg), Cultural Perspectives on Organizations (1993), Gender, Managers
and Organizations (1994, with Yvonne Billing), Making Sense of Manage¬
ment: a Critical Introduction (1996, with Hugh Willmott) and Management of
Knowledge-Intensive Companies (1995).
Jay B. Barney is a Professor of Management and holder of the Bank One
Chair for Excellence in Corporate Strategy at the Max M. Fisher College
of Business, the Ohio State University. After completing his education,
Professor Barney joined the faculty at the Anderson Graduate School of
Management at UCLA. He moved to Texas A&M University in 1986, then
joined the faculty at Ohio State in 1994. In his research, Professor Barney
focuses on the relationship between idiosyncratic firm skills and capabilities
and sustained competitive advantage. He has published over thirty journal
articles. He has served on the editorial boards of several journals, and is
currently senior editor at Organization Science. Professor Barney has
published three books: Organizational Economics (with William G. Ouchi),
Managing Organizations: Strategy, Structure, and Behavior (with Ricky
Griffin) and Gaining and Sustaining Competitive Advantage. He won the
College of Business Distinguished Research Award at Texas A&M in 1992,
and presented the Holger Crafoord Memorial Lecture at the University of
Lund, Sweden, in 1993. In addition, he has consulted with a wide variety of
public and private organizations, focusing on implementing large-scale
organizational change and strategic analysis.
Joel A.C. Baum is currently Associate Professor of Management in the Divi¬
sion of Management and Economics at the University of Toronto. His research
focuses on ecological, institutional, and evolutionary processes in organiza¬
tional populations and industries. Joel is currently studying managers’
CONTRIBUTORS
IX
(mis)categorization of competitors (with Theresa K. Lant), multiunit
organizations (with Paul L. Ingram), and spatial evolution (with Heather A.
Haveman) in the Manhattan hotel industry. He is now starting a research
project that will examine the evolutionary dynamics of the nursing home
industry in Ontario, Canada from 1971 to 1995. He is co-editor (with Jitendra
V. Singh) of Evolutionary Dynamics of Organizations (1994) and co-editor
(with Jane E. Dutton) of Embeddedness of Strategy (forthcoming), and is also a
member of Administrative Science Quarterly’s editorial board.
Max H. Bazerman is the J. Jay Gerber Distinguished Professor of Dispute
Resolution and Organizations at the Kellogg Graduate School of Manage¬
ment at Northwestern University. His research focuses on decision making,
negotiation, fairness, social comparison processes and, most recently,
environmental decision making and dispute resolution. He is the author or
co-author of over ninety research articles, and the author, co-author, or co¬
editor of seven books, including Judgement in Managerial Decision Making
(1994, 3rd edn), Cognition and Rationality in Negotiation (1991, with M.A.
Neale), and Negotiating Rationally (1992, with M.A. Neale).
Alan Bryman is Professor of Social Research in the Department of Social
Sciences, Loughborough University, England. His main research interests lie
in research methodology and leadership studies, though he is currently co¬
director of a research project on the portrayal of social science research in the
British mass media. He is the author of a number of books, including
Quantity and Quality in Social Research (1988), Charisma and Leadership in
Organizations (1992), and Disney and his Worlds (1995). He is editor or co¬
editor of Doing Research in Organizations (1988), Analyzing Qualitative Data
(1994), and Social Scientists Meet the Media (1994).
Gibson Burrell is Professor of Organizational Behaviour at Warwick Business
School and Chair of the Faculty of Social Studies, University of Warwick. He
is editor of the journal Organization and is currently completing a book
entitled Pandemonium which explores some undeveloped themes in organiz¬
ation theory.
Marta B. Calas is Associate Professor of Organization Studies and
International Management at the School of Management of the University
of Massachusetts-Amherst. She was bom in Cuba and has lived and worked
in various countries. Prior to her current position she was Professor and
Associate and Acting Dean of the School of Business at the University of
Puerto Rico-Mayagiiez. The exile experience has facilitated for her a nomadic
position from which to write and teach about the intersections between
organization studies and postmodern, feminist and postcolonial theorizing.
In their collaborative scholarly work Marta B. Calas and Linda Smircich
apply perspectives from cultural studies and feminist theories to question
current understandings of organizational topics such as leadership, business
ethics, and globalization. They are the Americas’ co-editors of the new journal
Organization. Their articles and book chapters have appeared in several